Cobbler无人值守安装详解

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Cobbler 是一个 Linux 服务器安装的服务，可以通过网络启动 (PXE) 的方式来快速安装、重装物理服务器和虚拟机，同时还可以管理 DHCP，DNS 等。

Cobbler 可以使用命令行方式管理，也提供了基于 Web 的界面管理工具(cobbler-web)，还提供了 API 接口，可以方便二次开发使用。

Cobbler 是较早前的 kickstart 的升级版，优点是比较容易配置，还自带 Web 界面比较易于管理。
Cobbler 内置了一个轻量级配置管理系统，但它也支持和其它配置管理系统集成，如 Puppet，暂时不支持 SaltStack。

kickstart 是由 dhcp、tftp、http 这三种服务有机组成，为有 pxe 功能的客户端提供自动装机服务。kickstart 只是这套系统的名字，并没有这个独立的软件。
cobbler 是对 kickstart 进行二次开发，安装 cobbler 的过程中，其实已经悄悄地安装了和 kickstart 一样的服务，因此在工作中安装 cobbler 直接一条 yum 命令即可，不需要先把 kickstart 服务安装配置好。

环境
Linux CentOS6 2.6.32-642.el6.x86_64
cobbler-2.6.11-1.el6.x86_64
cobbler-web-2.6.11-1.el6.noarch
dhcp-4.1.1-51.P1.el6.centos.x86_64
tftp-server-0.49-8.el6.x86_64
pykickstart-1.74.20-1.el6.noarch
httpd-2.2.15-56.el6.centos.3.x86_64 

系统环境准备
1234567 [root@CentOS6 ~]# getenforce
Disabled
[root@CentOS6 ~]# /etc/init.d/iptables status
iptables: Firewall is not running.
[root@CentOS6 ~]#  cat /etc/RedHat-release
CentOS release 6.8 (Final)
[root@CentOS6 ~]#wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-6.repo

注意：虚拟机 VMware 模式的 DHCP 服务关闭，同一台机器上面不允许两个 DHCP 服务

Cobbler 安装配置
[root@CentOS6 ~]#  yum -y install cobbler cobbler-web dhcp tftp-server pykickstart httpd
[root@CentOS6 ~]# /etc/init.d/httpd restart
[root@CentOS6 ~]# /etc/init.d/cobblerd restart
[root@CentOS6 ~]# /etc/init.d/xinetd restart

[root@CentOS6 ~]#  rpm -ql cobbler
/etc/cobbler                  # 配置文件目录
/etc/cobbler/settings        # cobbler 主配置文件，这个文件是 YAML 格式，Cobbler 是 Python 写的程序。
/etc/cobbler/dhcp.template    # DHCP 服务的配置模板
/etc/cobbler/tftpd.template  # tftp 服务的配置模板
/etc/cobbler/rsync.template  # rsync 服务的配置模板
/etc/cobbler/iso              # iso 模板配置文件目录
/etc/cobbler/pxe              # pxe 模板文件目录
/etc/cobbler/power            # 电源的配置文件目录
/etc/cobbler/users.conf      # Web 服务授权配置文件
/etc/cobbler/users.digest    # 用于 web 访问的用户名密码配置文件
/etc/cobbler/dnsmasq.template # DNS 服务的配置模板
/etc/cobbler/modules.conf    # Cobbler 模块配置文件
/var/lib/cobbler              # Cobbler 数据目录
/var/lib/cobbler/config      # 配置文件
/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts  # 默认存放 kickstart 文件
/var/lib/cobbler/loaders      # 存放的各种引导程序
/var/www/cobbler              # 系统安装镜像目录
/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror    # 导入的系统镜像列表
/var/www/cobbler/images      # 导入的系统镜像启动文件
/var/www/cobbler/repo_mirror  # yum 源存储目录
/var/log/cobbl              # 日志目录
/var/log/cobbler/install.log  # 客户端系统安装日志
/var/log/cobbler/cobbler.log  # cobbler 日志

配置 Cobbler
[root@CentOS6 ~]# cobbler check
The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:

1 : The ‘server’ field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than localhost, or kickstarting features will not work.  This should be a resolvable hostname or IP for the boot server as reachable by all machines that will use it.
2 : For PXE to be functional, the ‘next_server’ field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than 127.0.0.1, and should match the IP of the boot server on the PXE network.
3 : change ‘disable’ to ‘no’ in /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
4 : some network boot-loaders are missing from /var/lib/cobbler/loaders, you may run ‘cobbler get-loaders’ to download th
em, or, if you only want to handle x86/x86_64 netbooting, you may ensure that you have installed a *recent* version of the syslinux package installed and can ignore this message entirely.  Files in this directory, should you want to support all architectures, should include pxelinux.0, menu.c32, elilo.efi, and yaboot. The ‘cobbler get-loaders’ command is the easiest way to resolve these requirements.
5 : change ‘disable’ to ‘no’ in /etc/xinetd.d/rsync
6 : file /etc/xinetd.d/rsync does not exist  # 这是一个 bug
7 : debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories
8 : The default password used by the sample templates for newly installed machines (default_password_crypted in /etc/cobb
ler/settings) is still set to ‘cobbler’ and should be changed, try: “openssl passwd -1 -salt ‘random-phrase-here’ ‘your-password-here'” to generate new one9 : fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence
-agents to use them
Restart cobblerd and then run ‘cobbler sync’ to apply changes.
12345678 [root@CentOS6 ~]cp /etc/cobbler/settings{,.ori}  ## 备份
1.[root@CentOS6 ~]# sed -i ‘s#server: 127.0.0.1#server: 172.16.1.101#’ /etc/cobbler/settings    ### 指定 cobbler 服务器地址
2.[root@CentOS6 ~]#sed -i ‘s#yes#no#’ /etc/xinetd.d/rsync 
3.[root@CentOS6 ~]# sed ‘s#manage_dhcp: 0#manage_dhcp: 1#’  /etc/cobbler/settings  ## 用 Cobbler 管理 DHCP
4.[root@CentOS6 ~]# sed -n ‘s/pxe_just_once: 0/ pxe_just_once: 1/’ /etc/cobbler/settings  ## 防止循环装系统，适用于服务器第一启动项是 PXE 启动。务
5.[root@CentOS6 ~]# sed -i ‘s#yes#no#’ /etc/xinetd.d/tftp 
6.[root@CentOS6 ~]# sed -ri “/default_password_crypted/s#(.*:).*#\1\”`openssl passwd -1 -salt ‘oldboy’ ‘123456’`\”#” /etc/cobbler/settings
7.[root@CentOS6 ~]# sed -i ‘s/next_server: 127.0.0.1/next_server: 172.16.1.101/’ /etc/cobbler/settings

问题 4 解决方法

####http://pan.baidu.com/s/1kVqhMT5### 需要从官网下载，我这里已经下载好了。
tar xfP cobbler_load.tar.gz

配置 DHCP
[root@CentOS6 ~] vim /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template
:%s/192.168.1/172.16.1/g

镜像挂载
[root@CentOS6 ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt

rsync 服务是批量增加的

更多详情见请继续阅读下一页的精彩内容：http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-04/142587p2.htm

Kickstart 创建
# Cobbler for Kickstart Configurator for CentOS 6.8 by yao zhang
install
url –url=$tree
text
lang en_US.UTF-8
keyboard us
zerombr
bootloader –location=mbr –driveorder=sda –append=”crashkernel=auto rhgb quiet”
$SNIPPET(‘network_config’)
timezone –utc Asia/Shanghai
authconfig –enableshadow –passalgo=sha512
rootpw  –iscrypted $default_password_crypted
clearpart –all –initlabel
part /boot –fstype=ext4 –asprimary –size=200
part swap –size=1024
part / –fstype=ext4 –grow –asprimary –size=200
firstboot –disable
selinux –disabled
firewall –disabled
logging –level=info
reboot

%pre
$SNIPPET(‘log_ks_pre’)
$SNIPPET(‘kickstart_start’)
$SNIPPET(‘pre_install_network_config’)
# Enable installation monitoring
$SNIPPET(‘pre_anamon’)
%end

%packages
@base
@compat-libraries
@debugging
@development
tree
nmap
sysstat
lrzsz
dos2unix
telnet
%end

%post –nochroot
$SNIPPET(‘log_ks_post_nochroot’)
%end

%post
$SNIPPET(‘log_ks_post’)
# Start yum configuration
$yum_config_stanza
# End yum configuration
$SNIPPET(‘post_install_kernel_options’)
$SNIPPET(‘post_install_network_config’)
$SNIPPET(‘func_register_if_enabled’)
$SNIPPET(‘download_config_files’)
$SNIPPET(‘koan_environment’)
$SNIPPET(‘RedHat_register’)
$SNIPPET(‘cobbler_register’)
# Enable post-install boot notification
$SNIPPET(‘post_anamon’)
# Start final steps
$SNIPPET(‘kickstart_done’)
# End final steps
%end

本文永久更新链接地址：http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-04/142587.htm

Cobbler 是一个 Linux 服务器安装的服务，可以通过网络启动 (PXE) 的方式来快速安装、重装物理服务器和虚拟机，同时还可以管理 DHCP，DNS 等。

Cobbler 可以使用命令行方式管理，也提供了基于 Web 的界面管理工具(cobbler-web)，还提供了 API 接口，可以方便二次开发使用。

Cobbler 是较早前的 kickstart 的升级版，优点是比较容易配置，还自带 Web 界面比较易于管理。
Cobbler 内置了一个轻量级配置管理系统，但它也支持和其它配置管理系统集成，如 Puppet，暂时不支持 SaltStack。

kickstart 是由 dhcp、tftp、http 这三种服务有机组成，为有 pxe 功能的客户端提供自动装机服务。kickstart 只是这套系统的名字，并没有这个独立的软件。
cobbler 是对 kickstart 进行二次开发，安装 cobbler 的过程中，其实已经悄悄地安装了和 kickstart 一样的服务，因此在工作中安装 cobbler 直接一条 yum 命令即可，不需要先把 kickstart 服务安装配置好。

环境
Linux CentOS6 2.6.32-642.el6.x86_64
cobbler-2.6.11-1.el6.x86_64
cobbler-web-2.6.11-1.el6.noarch
dhcp-4.1.1-51.P1.el6.centos.x86_64
tftp-server-0.49-8.el6.x86_64
pykickstart-1.74.20-1.el6.noarch
httpd-2.2.15-56.el6.centos.3.x86_64 

系统环境准备
1234567 [root@CentOS6 ~]# getenforce
Disabled
[root@CentOS6 ~]# /etc/init.d/iptables status
iptables: Firewall is not running.
[root@CentOS6 ~]#  cat /etc/RedHat-release
CentOS release 6.8 (Final)
[root@CentOS6 ~]#wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-6.repo

注意：虚拟机 VMware 模式的 DHCP 服务关闭，同一台机器上面不允许两个 DHCP 服务

Cobbler 安装配置
[root@CentOS6 ~]#  yum -y install cobbler cobbler-web dhcp tftp-server pykickstart httpd
[root@CentOS6 ~]# /etc/init.d/httpd restart
[root@CentOS6 ~]# /etc/init.d/cobblerd restart
[root@CentOS6 ~]# /etc/init.d/xinetd restart

[root@CentOS6 ~]#  rpm -ql cobbler
/etc/cobbler                  # 配置文件目录
/etc/cobbler/settings        # cobbler 主配置文件，这个文件是 YAML 格式，Cobbler 是 Python 写的程序。
/etc/cobbler/dhcp.template    # DHCP 服务的配置模板
/etc/cobbler/tftpd.template  # tftp 服务的配置模板
/etc/cobbler/rsync.template  # rsync 服务的配置模板
/etc/cobbler/iso              # iso 模板配置文件目录
/etc/cobbler/pxe              # pxe 模板文件目录
/etc/cobbler/power            # 电源的配置文件目录
/etc/cobbler/users.conf      # Web 服务授权配置文件
/etc/cobbler/users.digest    # 用于 web 访问的用户名密码配置文件
/etc/cobbler/dnsmasq.template # DNS 服务的配置模板
/etc/cobbler/modules.conf    # Cobbler 模块配置文件
/var/lib/cobbler              # Cobbler 数据目录
/var/lib/cobbler/config      # 配置文件
/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts  # 默认存放 kickstart 文件
/var/lib/cobbler/loaders      # 存放的各种引导程序
/var/www/cobbler              # 系统安装镜像目录
/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror    # 导入的系统镜像列表
/var/www/cobbler/images      # 导入的系统镜像启动文件
/var/www/cobbler/repo_mirror  # yum 源存储目录
/var/log/cobbl              # 日志目录
/var/log/cobbler/install.log  # 客户端系统安装日志
/var/log/cobbler/cobbler.log  # cobbler 日志

配置 Cobbler
[root@CentOS6 ~]# cobbler check
The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:

1 : The ‘server’ field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than localhost, or kickstarting features will not work.  This should be a resolvable hostname or IP for the boot server as reachable by all machines that will use it.
2 : For PXE to be functional, the ‘next_server’ field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than 127.0.0.1, and should match the IP of the boot server on the PXE network.
3 : change ‘disable’ to ‘no’ in /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
4 : some network boot-loaders are missing from /var/lib/cobbler/loaders, you may run ‘cobbler get-loaders’ to download th
em, or, if you only want to handle x86/x86_64 netbooting, you may ensure that you have installed a *recent* version of the syslinux package installed and can ignore this message entirely.  Files in this directory, should you want to support all architectures, should include pxelinux.0, menu.c32, elilo.efi, and yaboot. The ‘cobbler get-loaders’ command is the easiest way to resolve these requirements.
5 : change ‘disable’ to ‘no’ in /etc/xinetd.d/rsync
6 : file /etc/xinetd.d/rsync does not exist  # 这是一个 bug
7 : debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories
8 : The default password used by the sample templates for newly installed machines (default_password_crypted in /etc/cobb
ler/settings) is still set to ‘cobbler’ and should be changed, try: “openssl passwd -1 -salt ‘random-phrase-here’ ‘your-password-here'” to generate new one9 : fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence
-agents to use them
Restart cobblerd and then run ‘cobbler sync’ to apply changes.
12345678 [root@CentOS6 ~]cp /etc/cobbler/settings{,.ori}  ## 备份
1.[root@CentOS6 ~]# sed -i ‘s#server: 127.0.0.1#server: 172.16.1.101#’ /etc/cobbler/settings    ### 指定 cobbler 服务器地址
2.[root@CentOS6 ~]#sed -i ‘s#yes#no#’ /etc/xinetd.d/rsync 
3.[root@CentOS6 ~]# sed ‘s#manage_dhcp: 0#manage_dhcp: 1#’  /etc/cobbler/settings  ## 用 Cobbler 管理 DHCP
4.[root@CentOS6 ~]# sed -n ‘s/pxe_just_once: 0/ pxe_just_once: 1/’ /etc/cobbler/settings  ## 防止循环装系统，适用于服务器第一启动项是 PXE 启动。务
5.[root@CentOS6 ~]# sed -i ‘s#yes#no#’ /etc/xinetd.d/tftp 
6.[root@CentOS6 ~]# sed -ri “/default_password_crypted/s#(.*:).*#\1\”`openssl passwd -1 -salt ‘oldboy’ ‘123456’`\”#” /etc/cobbler/settings
7.[root@CentOS6 ~]# sed -i ‘s/next_server: 127.0.0.1/next_server: 172.16.1.101/’ /etc/cobbler/settings

问题 4 解决方法

####http://pan.baidu.com/s/1kVqhMT5### 需要从官网下载，我这里已经下载好了。
tar xfP cobbler_load.tar.gz

配置 DHCP
[root@CentOS6 ~] vim /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template
:%s/192.168.1/172.16.1/g

镜像挂载
[root@CentOS6 ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt

rsync 服务是批量增加的

更多详情见请继续阅读下一页的精彩内容：http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-04/142587p2.htm