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Linux 环境 RPM 安装 MySQL5.6 步骤记录。
系统环境 CentOS7.2
1. 关闭 selinux 服务【SELinux 是一种基于域 - 类型 模型（domain-type）的强制访问控制（MAC）安全系统】
[root@linuxidc ~]# vim /etc/selinux/config
···
SELINUX=disabled
···
2. 关闭防火墙服务，并且禁用开机启动
[root@linuxidc ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service
[root@linuxidc ~]# systemctl disable firewalld.service
3. 关闭 NetworkManager 服务，并且禁用开机启动【(NetworManager) 是检测网络、自动连接网络的程序】
[root@linuxidc ~]# systemctl stop NetworkManager.service
[root@linuxidc ~]# systemctl disable NetworkManager.service
4. 检查系统是否安装有 mysql 的安装包，如果有使用 rpm -e 移除
[root@linuxidc ~]# rpm -qa| grep mysql
5. 下载 mysql5.6 的安装包，并上传到服务器上
[root@linuxidc mysql]# ll
total 236180
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 20278972 Sep 22 15:41 MySQL-client-5.6.31-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 3529244 Sep 22 15:40 MySQL-devel-5.6.31-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 92246408 Sep 22 15:44 MySQL-embedded-5.6.31-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 61732192 Sep 22 15:42 MySQL-server-5.6.31-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 2101912 Sep 22 15:42 MySQL-shared-5.6.31-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 2299648 Sep 22 15:40 MySQL-shared-compat-5.6.31-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 59644132 Sep 22 15:40 MySQL-test-5.6.31-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
6. 安装 mysql 的安装包
[root@linuxidc mysql]# rpm -ivh MySQL-server-5.6.31-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@linuxidc mysql]# rpm -ivh MySQL-devel-5.6.31-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@linuxidc mysql]# rpm -ivh MySQL-client-5.6.31-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
7. 修改 my.cnf 配置文件位置
[root@linuxidc ~]# cp /usr/share/mysql/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf
8. 修改字符集和数据存储路径 配置 /etc/my.cnf 文件, 设置如下键值来启用一起有用的选项和 UTF-8 字符集.
[root@linuxidc ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
···
innodb_file_per_table
max_connections = 4096
collation-server = utf8_general_ci
character-set-server = utf8
9. 初始化 MySQL 及设置密码
[root@linuxidc ~]# /usr/bin/mysql_install_db
[root@linuxidc ~]# service mysql start
[root@linuxidc ~]# cat /root/.mysql_secret
# The random password set for the root user at Mon Dec 26 20:43:34 2016 (local time): 1dwIOrYEiaPsCyTM
[root@linuxidc ~]# mysql -uroot -p1dwIOrYEiaPsCyTM
mysql> SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD(‘abcd1234’);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
10. 设置 mysql 开机启动
[root@linuxidc ~]# systemctl restart mysqld.service
[root@linuxidc ~]# systemctl enable mysqld.service
11. 设置 mysql 允许远程登陆
12. 安装 mysql 出现安装包不兼容问题
[root@linuxidc mysql]# rpm -ivh MySQL-server-5.6.31-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
warning: MySQL-server-5.6.31-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing… ################################# [100%]
file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/README from install of MySQL-server-5.6.31-1.el7.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mariadb-libs-1:5.5.41-2.el7_0.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/czech/errmsg.sys from install of MySQL-server-5.6.31-1.el7.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mariadb-libs-1:5.5.41-2.el7_0.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/danish/errmsg.sys from install of MySQL-server-5.6.31-1.el7.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mariadb-libs-1:5.5.41-2.el7_0.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/dutch/errmsg.sys from install of MySQL-server-5.6.31-1.el7.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mariadb-libs-1:5.5.41-2.el7_0.x86_64
解决方法，删除不兼容安装包
[root@linuxidc mysql]# rpm -qa |grep mariadb*
mariadb-libs-5.5.41-2.el7_0.x86_64
[root@linuxidc mysql]# rpm -e mariadb-libs-5.5.41-2.el7_0.x86_64（有依赖包，建议使用 yum 移除）
error: Failed dependencies:
libmysqlclient.so.18()(64bit) is needed by (installed) postfix-2:2.10.1-6.el7.x86_64
libmysqlclient.so.18(libmysqlclient_18)(64bit) is needed by (installed) postfix-2:2.10.1-6.el7.x86_64
[root@linuxidc mysql]# yum remove mariadb-libs* -y
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