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什么是 Nginx?
Nginx (“engine x”) 是一个高性能的 HTTP 和 反向代理 服务器，也是一个 IMAP/POP3/SMTP 代理服务器，在高连接并发的情况下 Nginx 是 Apache 服务器不错的替代品. 其特点是占有内存少，并发能力强，事实上 nginx 的并发能力确实在同类型的网页服务器中表现较好. 目前中国大陆使用 nginx 网站用户有：新浪、网易、腾讯，另外知名的微网志 Plurk 也使用 nginx。
Nginx 作为 负载均衡 服务器：
Nginx 既可以在内部直接支持 Rails 和 PHP 程序对外进行服务，也可以支持作为 HTTP 代理服务器对外进行服务。Nginx 采用 C 进行编写，不论是系统资源开销还是 CPU 使用效率都比 Perlbal 要好很多。作为邮件代理服务器：
Nginx 同时也是一个非常优秀的邮件代理服务器（最早开发这个产品的目的之一也是作为邮件代理服务器），Last.fm 描述了成功并且美妙的使用经验。Nginx 是一个安装非常简单，配置文件非常简洁（还能够支持 perl 语法），Bugs 非常少的服务器：Nginx 启动特别容易，并且几乎可以做到 7*24 不间断运行，即使运行数个月也不需要重新启动。你还能够不间断服务的情况下进行软件版本的升级。
官网下载
点击下载
[root@nginx ~]# ls
nginx-1.15.2.tar.gz
安装依赖软件
## 安装编译工具 gcc
[root@nginx ~]# yum install -y gcc
## 安装 PCRE 库，pcre 提供编译版本的库，pcre-devel 提供开发阶段的头文件和编译项目的源代码。
[root@nginx ~]# yum install -y pcre pcre-devel
## 安装 OpenSSL 加密库，nginx 中如果服务器需要提供安全网页则会用到 OpenSSL 库
[root@nginx ~]# yum install -y openssl openssl-devel
## 安装 zlib 库，zlib 库提供了压缩算法，在 nginx 的各种模块中需要使用 gzip 压缩
[root@nginx ~]# yum install -y zlib zlib-devel
解压
[root@nginx ~]# tar zxf nginx-1.15.2.tar.gz
[root@nginx ~]# ls
nginx-1.15.2 nginx-1.15.2.tar.gz
查看模块
[root@nginx ~]# cd nginx-1.15.2
[root@nginx nginx-1.15.2]# ls
auto CHANGES CHANGES.ru conf configure contrib html LICENSE man README src
[root@nginx nginx-1.15.2]# ./configure –help ## 查看参数
–help print this message
–prefix=PATH nginx 安装路径
–sbin-path=PATH nginx 二进制执行文件路径
–modules-path=PATH set modules path
–conf-path=PATH nginx 配置文件存放位置
–error-log-path=PATH 错误日志文件路径
–pid-path=PATH nginx.pid 文件路径(pid 文件包含进程的标识符）
–lock-path=PATH 锁文件存放路径(锁文件(nginx.log) 用于控制 nginx 进程没有被启动两次)）
–user=USER 指定启动 nginx 进程的默认用户;set non-privileged user for worker processes
–group=GROUP 指定启动 nginx 进程的默认用户组;set non-privileged group for worker processes
–build=NAME set build name
–builddir=DIR set build directory
–with-select_module enable select module
–without-select_module disable select module
–with-poll_module enable poll module
–without-poll_module disable poll module
–with-threads enable thread pool support
–with-file-aio enable file AIO support
–with-http_ssl_module enable ngx_http_ssl_module
–with-http_v2_module enable ngx_http_v2_module
–with-http_realip_module enable ngx_http_realip_module
–with-http_addition_module enable ngx_http_addition_module
–with-http_xslt_module enable ngx_http_xslt_module
–with-http_xslt_module=dynamic enable dynamic ngx_http_xslt_module
–with-http_image_filter_module enable ngx_http_image_filter_module
–with-http_image_filter_module=dynamic
enable dynamic ngx_http_image_filter_module
–with-http_geoip_module enable ngx_http_geoip_module
–with-http_geoip_module=dynamic enable dynamic ngx_http_geoip_module
–with-http_sub_module enable ngx_http_sub_module
–with-http_dav_module enable ngx_http_dav_module
–with-http_flv_module enable ngx_http_flv_module
–with-http_mp4_module enable ngx_http_mp4_module
–with-http_gunzip_module enable ngx_http_gunzip_module
–with-http_gzip_static_module enable ngx_http_gzip_static_module
–with-http_auth_request_module enable ngx_http_auth_request_module
–with-http_random_index_module enable ngx_http_random_index_module
–with-http_secure_link_module enable ngx_http_secure_link_module
–with-http_degradation_module enable ngx_http_degradation_module
–with-http_slice_module enable ngx_http_slice_module
–with-http_stub_status_module enable ngx_http_stub_status_module
–without-http_charset_module disable ngx_http_charset_module
–without-http_gzip_module disable ngx_http_gzip_module
–without-http_ssi_module disable ngx_http_ssi_module
–without-http_userid_module disable ngx_http_userid_module
–without-http_access_module disable ngx_http_access_module
–without-http_auth_basic_module disable ngx_http_auth_basic_module
–without-http_mirror_module disable ngx_http_mirror_module
–without-http_autoindex_module disable ngx_http_autoindex_module
–without-http_geo_module disable ngx_http_geo_module
–without-http_map_module disable ngx_http_map_module
–without-http_split_clients_module disable ngx_http_split_clients_module
–without-http_referer_module disable ngx_http_referer_module
–without-http_rewrite_module disable ngx_http_rewrite_module
–without-http_proxy_module disable ngx_http_proxy_module
–without-http_fastcgi_module disable ngx_http_fastcgi_module
–without-http_uwsgi_module disable ngx_http_uwsgi_module
–without-http_scgi_module disable ngx_http_scgi_module
–without-http_grpc_module disable ngx_http_grpc_module
–without-http_memcached_module disable ngx_http_memcached_module
–without-http_limit_conn_module disable ngx_http_limit_conn_module
–without-http_limit_req_module disable ngx_http_limit_req_module
–without-http_empty_gif_module disable ngx_http_empty_gif_module
–without-http_browser_module disable ngx_http_browser_module
–without-http_upstream_hash_module
disable ngx_http_upstream_hash_module
–without-http_upstream_ip_hash_module
disable ngx_http_upstream_ip_hash_module
–without-http_upstream_least_conn_module
disable ngx_http_upstream_least_conn_module
–without-http_upstream_random_module
disable ngx_http_upstream_random_module
–without-http_upstream_keepalive_module
disable ngx_http_upstream_keepalive_module
–without-http_upstream_zone_module
disable ngx_http_upstream_zone_module
–with-http_perl_module enable ngx_http_perl_module
–with-http_perl_module=dynamic enable dynamic ngx_http_perl_module
–with-perl_modules_path=PATH set Perl modules path
–with-perl=PATH set perl binary pathname
–http-log-path=PATH set http access log pathname
–http-client-body-temp-path=PATH set path to store
http client request body temporary files
–http-proxy-temp-path=PATH set path to store
http proxy temporary files
–http-fastcgi-temp-path=PATH set path to store
http fastcgi temporary files
–http-uwsgi-temp-path=PATH set path to store
http uwsgi temporary files
–http-scgi-temp-path=PATH set path to store
http scgi temporary files
–without-http disable HTTP server
–without-http-cache disable HTTP cache
–with-mail enable POP3/IMAP4/SMTP proxy module
–with-mail=dynamic enable dynamic POP3/IMAP4/SMTP proxy module
–with-mail_ssl_module enable ngx_mail_ssl_module
–without-mail_pop3_module disable ngx_mail_pop3_module
–without-mail_imap_module disable ngx_mail_imap_module
–without-mail_smtp_module disable ngx_mail_smtp_module
–with-stream enable TCP/UDP proxy module
–with-stream=dynamic enable dynamic TCP/UDP proxy module
–with-stream_ssl_module enable ngx_stream_ssl_module
–with-stream_realip_module enable ngx_stream_realip_module
–with-stream_geoip_module enable ngx_stream_geoip_module
–with-stream_geoip_module=dynamic enable dynamic ngx_stream_geoip_module
–with-stream_ssl_preread_module enable ngx_stream_ssl_preread_module
–without-stream_limit_conn_module disable ngx_stream_limit_conn_module
–without-stream_access_module disable ngx_stream_access_module
–without-stream_geo_module disable ngx_stream_geo_module
–without-stream_map_module disable ngx_stream_map_module
–without-stream_split_clients_module
disable ngx_stream_split_clients_module
–without-stream_return_module disable ngx_stream_return_module
–without-stream_upstream_hash_module
disable ngx_stream_upstream_hash_module
–without-stream_upstream_least_conn_module
disable ngx_stream_upstream_least_conn_module
–without-stream_upstream_random_module
disable ngx_stream_upstream_random_module
–without-stream_upstream_zone_module
disable ngx_stream_upstream_zone_module
–with-google_perftools_module enable ngx_google_perftools_module
–with-cpp_test_module enable ngx_cpp_test_module
–add-module=PATH enable external module
–add-dynamic-module=PATH enable dynamic external module
–with-compat dynamic modules compatibility
–with-cc=PATH set C compiler pathname
–with-cpp=PATH set C preprocessor pathname
–with-cc-opt=OPTIONS set additional C compiler options
–with-ld-opt=OPTIONS set additional linker options
–with-cpu-opt=CPU build for the specified CPU, valid values:
pentium, pentiumpro, pentium3, pentium4,
athlon, opteron, sparc32, sparc64, ppc64
–without-pcre disable PCRE library usage
–with-pcre force PCRE library usage
–with-pcre=DIR set path to PCRE library sources
–with-pcre-opt=OPTIONS set additional build options for PCRE
–with-pcre-jit build PCRE with JIT compilation support
–with-zlib=DIR set path to zlib library sources
–with-zlib-opt=OPTIONS set additional build options for zlib
–with-zlib-asm=CPU use zlib assembler sources optimized
for the specified CPU, valid values:
pentium, pentiumpro
–with-libatomic force libatomic_ops library usage
–with-libatomic=DIR set path to libatomic_ops library sources
–with-openssl=DIR set path to OpenSSL library sources
–with-openssl-opt=OPTIONS set additional build options for OpenSSL
–with-debug enable debug logging
添加模块，编译
[root@nginx nginx-1.15.2]# ./configure –prefix=/usr/local/lnmp/nginx –with-http_ssl_module –with-http_stub_status_module –with-file-aio –with-threads –user=nginx –group=nginx
编译成功后执行安装命令
[root@nginx nginx-1.15.2]# make && make install
添加用户
[root@server1 nginx-1.10.1]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin -M nginx
创建软链接，便于启动
[root@nginx nginx-1.15.2]# ln -s /usr/local/lnmp/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/local/sbin/
开启 Nginx
[root@nginx nginx-1.15.2]# nginx
[root@nginx nginx-1.15.2]# ps ax| grep nginx
7066 ? Ss 0:00 nginx: master process nginx
7067 ? S 0:00 nginx: worker process
7069 pts/0 S+ 0:00 grep –color=auto nginx
至此，已经成功安装 Nginx，访问 http:ip
平滑加载
[root@nginx nginx-1.15.2]# nginx -s reload
关闭 Nginx
[root@nginx nginx-1.15.2]# nginx -s stop
编译时选择需要的模块不同，或者需要改变安装路径、用户等，则要重新编译或者重新安装 Nginx
重新编译
[root@nginx ~]# ls
nginx-1.15.2 nginx-1.15.2.tar.gz
[root@nginx ~]# cd nginx-1.15.2
[root@nginx nginx-1.15.2]# make clean
rm -rf Makefile objs
[root@nginx nginx-1.15.2]# ./configure –prefix=/usr/local/web/nginx –with-http_ssl_module –with-http_stub_status_module –with-file-aio –with-threads –user=nginx –group=nginx
## 注意重新编译仅仅 make 不用 make install
[root@nginx nginx-1.15.2]# make
[root@nginx nginx-1.15.2]# nginx
[root@nginx nginx-1.15.2]# ps xa| grep nginx
9728 ? Ss 0:00 nginx: master process nginx
9729 ? S 0:00 nginx: worker process
9732 pts/0 S+ 0:00 grep –color=auto nginx
[root@nginx nginx-1.15.2]# nginx -s stop
重新安装
[root@nginx ~]# ls
nginx-1.15.2 nginx-1.15.2.tar.gz
[root@nginx ~]# cd nginx-1.15.2
[root@nginx nginx-1.15.2]# make clean
rm -rf Makefile objs
[root@nginx nginx-1.15.2]# ./configure –prefix=/usr/local/lnmp/nginx –with-http_ssl_module –with-http_stub_status_module –with-file-aio –with-threads –user=nginx –group=nginx
## 注意重新安装 nginx 时，需要 make && make install
[root@nginx nginx-1.15.2]# make && make install
[root@nginx nginx-1.15.2]# nginx
[root@nginx nginx-1.15.2]# ps xa| grep nginx
12419 ? Ss 0:00 nginx: master process nginx
12420 ? S 0:00 nginx: worker process
12422 pts/0 S+ 0:00 grep –color=auto nginx
[root@nginx nginx-1.15.2]# nginx -s stop
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