硬盘监控和分析工具：Smartctl

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Smartctl（S.M.A.R.T 自监控，分析和报告技术）是类 Unix 系统下实施 SMART 任务命令行套件或工具，它用于打印 SMART自检 和错误日志 ，启用并禁用 SMRAT 自动检测，以及初始化设备自检。

Smartctl 对于 Linux 物理服务器十分有用，在这些服务器上，可以对智能磁盘进行错误检查，并将与 硬件 RAID相关的磁盘信息摘录下来。

在本帖中，我们将讨论 smartctl 命令的一些实用样例。如果你的 Linux 上海没有安装 smartctl，请按以下步骤来安装。

使用 Smartctl 查 Dell 服务器坏道实录  http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2012-07/65723.htm

安装 Smartctl

对于 Ubuntu

1. $ sudo apt–get install smartmontools

对于 CentOS & RHEL

1. # yum install smartmontools

启动 Smartctl 服务

对于 Ubuntu

1. $ sudo /etc/init.d/smartmontools start

对于 CentOS & RHEL

1. # service smartd start ; chkconfig smartd on

样例

样例：1 检查磁盘的 Smart 功能是否启用

1. root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl –i /dev/sdb
2. smartctl 6.22013–07–26 r3841 [x86_64–linux–3.13.0–32–generic](local build)
3. Copyright(C)2002–13,BruceAllen,ChristianFranke, www.smartmontools.org
4.  
5. === START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
6. ModelFamily:SeagateMomentus5400.6
7. DeviceModel: ST9320325AS
8. SerialNumber:5VD2V59T
9. LU WWN DeviceId:5000c50020a37ec4
10. FirmwareVersion:0002BSM1
11. UserCapacity:320,072,933,376 bytes [320 GB]
12. SectorSize:512 bytes logical/physical
13. RotationRate:5400 rpm
14. Deviceis:In smartctl database [for details use:–P show]
15. ATA Versionis: ATA8–ACS T13/1699–D revision 4
16. SATA Versionis: SATA 2.6,1.5Gb/s
17. LocalTimeis:SunNov1612:32:092014 IST
18. SMART support is:Available– device has SMART capability.
19. SMART support is:Enabled

这里‘/dev/sdb’是你的硬盘。上面输出中的最后两行显示了 SMART 功能已启用。

样例：2 启用磁盘的 Smart 功能

1. root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl –s on /dev/sdb
2. smartctl 6.22013–07–26 r3841 [x86_64–linux–3.13.0–32–generic](local build)
3. Copyright(C)2002–13,BruceAllen,ChristianFranke, www.smartmontools.org
4.  
5. === START OF ENABLE/DISABLE COMMANDS SECTION ===
6. SMART Enabled.

样例：3 禁用磁盘的 Smart 功能

1. root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl –s off /dev/sdb
2. smartctl 6.22013–07–26 r3841 [x86_64–linux–3.13.0–32–generic](local build)
3. Copyright(C)2002–13,BruceAllen,ChristianFranke, www.smartmontools.org
4.  
5. === START OF ENABLE/DISABLE COMMANDS SECTION ===
6. SMART Disabled.Use option –s with argument ‘on’ to enable it.

样例：4 显示磁盘的详细 Smart 信息

1. root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl –a /dev/sdb // For IDE drive
2. root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl –a –d ata /dev/sdb // For SATA drive

样例：5 显示磁盘总体健康状况

1. root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl –H /dev/sdb
2. smartctl 6.22013–07–26 r3841 [x86_64–linux–3.13.0–32–generic](local build)
3. Copyright(C)2002–13,BruceAllen,ChristianFranke, www.smartmontools.org
4.  
5. === START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
6. SMART overall–health self–assessment test result: PASSED
7. Warning:This result is based on an Attribute check.
8. Please note the following marginal Attributes:
9. ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
10. 190Airflow_Temperature_Cel0x0022067045045Old_ageAlwaysIn_the_past33(Min/Max25/33)

样例：6 使用 long 和 short 选项测试硬盘

Long 测试

1. root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl —test=long/dev/sdb
2. smartctl 6.22013–07–26 r3841 [x86_64–linux–3.13.0–32–generic](local build)
3. Copyright(C)2002–13,BruceAllen,ChristianFranke, www.smartmontools.org
4.  
5. === START OF OFFLINE IMMEDIATE AND SELF–TEST SECTION ===
6. Sending command:“Execute SMART Extended self-test routine immediately in off-line mode”.
7. Drive command “Execute SMART Extended self-test routine immediately in off-line mode” successful.
8. Testing has begun.
9. Please wait 102 minutes for test to complete.
10. Test will complete after SunNov1614:29:432014
11.  
12. Use smartctl –X to abort test.

或者，我们可以重定向测试输出到日志文件，就像下面这样

1. root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl —test=long/dev/sdb >/var/log/long.text

Short 测试

1. root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl —test=short/dev/sdb
2. smartctl 6.22013–07–26 r3841 [x86_64–linux–3.13.0–32–generic](local build)
3. Copyright(C)2002–13,BruceAllen,ChristianFranke, www.smartmontools.org
4.  
5. === START OF OFFLINE IMMEDIATE AND SELF–TEST SECTION ===
6. Sending command:“Execute SMART Short self-test routine immediately in off-line mode”.
7. Drive command “Execute SMART Short self-test routine immediately in off-line mode” successful.
8. Testing has begun.
9. Please wait 1 minutes for test to complete.
10. Test will complete after SunNov1612:51:452014
11.  
12. Use smartctl –X to abort test.

或

1. root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl —test=short/dev/sdb >/var/log/short.text

注意：short 测试将花费最多 2 分钟，而在 long 测试中没有时间限制，因为它会读取并验证磁盘的每个段。

样例：7 查看驱动器的自检结果

1. root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl –l selftest /dev/sdb
2. smartctl 6.22013–07–26 r3841 [x86_64–linux–3.13.0–32–generic](local build)
3. Copyright(C)2002–13,BruceAllen,ChristianFranke, www.smartmontools.org
4.  
5. === START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
6. SMART Self–test log structure revision number 1
7. NumTest_DescriptionStatusRemainingLifeTime(hours) LBA_of_first_error
8. # 1 Short offline Completed: read failure 90% 492 210841222
9. # 2 Extended offline Completed: read failure 90% 492 210841222

样例：8 计算测试时间估值

1. root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl –c /dev/sdb
2. smartctl 6.22013–07–26 r3841 [x86_64–linux–3.13.0–32–generic](local build)
3. Copyright(C)2002–13,BruceAllen,ChristianFranke, www.smartmontools.org
4.  
5. === START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
6. General SMART Values:
7. Offline data collection status:(0x00)Offline data collection activity
8. was never started.
9. AutoOfflineDataCollection:Disabled.
10. Self–test execution status:(121)The previous self–test completed having
11. the read element of the test failed.
12. Total time to complete Offline
13. data collection:(0) seconds.
14. Offline data collection
15. capabilities:(0x73) SMART execute Offline immediate.
16. AutoOffline data collection on/off support.
17. SuspendOffline collection upon new
18. command.
19. NoOffline surface scan supported.
20. Self–test supported.
21. ConveyanceSelf–test supported.
22. SelectiveSelf–test supported.
23. SMART capabilities:(0x0003)Saves SMART data before entering
24. power–saving mode.
25. Supports SMART auto save timer.
26. Error logging capability:(0x01)Error logging supported.
27. GeneralPurposeLogging supported.
28. Shortself–test routine
29. recommended polling time:(1) minutes.
30. Extendedself–test routine
31. recommended polling time:(102) minutes.
32. Conveyanceself–test routine
33. recommended polling time:(2) minutes.
34. SCT capabilities:(0x103b) SCT Status supported.
35. SCT ErrorRecoveryControl supported.
36. SCT FeatureControl supported.
37. SCT DataTable supported.

样例：9 显示磁盘错误日志

1. root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl –l error /dev/sdb
2.  
3. SampleOutput
4.  
5. smartctl 6.22013–07–26 r3841 [x86_64–linux–3.13.0–32–generic](local build)
6. Copyright(C)2002–13,BruceAllen,ChristianFranke, www.smartmontools.org
7.  
8. === START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
9. SMART ErrorLogVersion:1
10. ATA ErrorCount:5
11. CR =CommandRegister[HEX]
12. FR =FeaturesRegister[HEX]
13. SC =SectorCountRegister[HEX]
14. SN =SectorNumberRegister[HEX]
15. CL =CylinderLowRegister[HEX]
16. CH =CylinderHighRegister[HEX]
17. DH =Device/HeadRegister[HEX]
18. DC =DeviceCommandRegister[HEX]
19. ER =Errorregister[HEX]
20. ST =Statusregister[HEX]
21. Powered_Up_Timeis measured from power on,and printed as
22. DDd+hh:mm:SS.sss where DD=days, hh=hours, mm=minutes,
23. SS=sec,and sss=millisec.It“wraps” after 49.710 days.
24.  
25. Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
26. CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_TimeCommand/Feature_Name
27. —————————————-——————–
28. 25 da 08 e7 e5 a5 4c0000:30:44.515 READ DMA EXT
29. 25 da 08 df e5 a5 4c0000:30:44.514 READ DMA EXT
30. 25 da 805f e5 a5 4c0000:30:44.502 READ DMA EXT
31. 25 da f0 5f e6 a5 4c0000:30:44.496 READ DMA EXT
32. 25 da 104f e6 a5 4c0000:30:44.383 READ DMA EXT