MySQL 5.7 使用 SSL加密连接实例

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1. 背景
* 在生产环境下，安全总是无法忽视的问题，数据库安全则是重中之重，因为所有的数据都存放在数据库中
* 当使用非加密方式连接 MySQL 数据库时，在网络中传输的所有信息都是明文的，可以被网络中所有人截取，敏感信息可能被泄露。在传送敏感信息（如密码）时，可以采用 SSL 连接的方式。
* 版本小于 5.7.6 时按照 MySQL 5.6 SSL 配置的方式进行 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-07/145338.htm。

2. MySQL 连接方式
* socket 连接
* TCP 非 SSL 连接
* SSL 安全连接
* SSL + 密码连接 [version > MySQL 5.7.5]
* SSL + 密码 + 密钥连接

3. SSL 简介
* SSL 指的是 SSL/TLS，其是一种为了在计算机网络进行安全通信的加密协议。假设用户的传输不是通过 SSL 的方式，那么其在网络中以明文的方式进行传输，而这给别有用心的人带来了可乘之机。所以，现在很多网站其实默认已经开启了 SSL 功能，比如 Facebook、Twtter、YouTube、淘宝等。

MySQL 5.7 使用 SSL 加密连接实例

4. 环境 [关闭 SeLinux]
* system 环境
[root@MySQL ~]# cat /etc/RedHat-release
CentOS release 6.9 (Final)
[root@MySQL ~]# uname -r

2.6.32-696.3.2.el6.x86_64

[root@MySQL ~]# getenforce
Disabled

* MySQL 环境 [MySQL 5.7 安装前面篇章已做详细介绍 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-07/145343.htm]
have_openssl 与 have_ssl 值都为 DISABLED 表示 ssl 未开启
[root@MySQL ~]# mysql -p’123′
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 6
Server version: 5.7.18 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type ‘help;’ or ‘\h’ for help. Type ‘\c’ to clear the current input statement.

mysql> select version();
+———–+
| version() |
+———–+
| 5.7.18 |
+———–+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> show variables like ‘have%ssl%’;
+—————+———-+
| Variable_name | Value |
+—————+———-+
| have_openssl | DISABLED |
| have_ssl | DISABLED |
+—————+———-+
2 rows in set (0.02 sec)

mysql> show variables like ‘port’;
+—————+——-+
| Variable_name | Value |
+—————+——-+
| port | 3306 |
+—————+——-+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> show variables like ‘datadir’;
+—————+——————-+
| Variable_name | Value |
+—————+——————-+
| datadir | /data/mysql_data/ |
+—————+——————-+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

5. SSL 配置
* 利用自带工具生成 SSL 相关文件
[root@MySQL ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup –datadir=/data/mysql_data
Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key
………………………………………………………………..+++
…..+++
writing new private key to ‘ca-key.pem’
—–
Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..+++
…+++
writing new private key to ‘server-key.pem’
—–
Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key
…………………+++
…………………………………….+++
writing new private key to ‘client-key.pem’
—–

* 查看生成的 SSL 文件
[root@MySQL ~]# ls -l /data/mysql_data/*.pem
-rw——- 1 root root 1679 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/ca-key.pem
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 1074 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/ca.pem
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 1078 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/client-cert.pem
-rw——- 1 root root 1675 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/client-key.pem
-rw——- 1 root root 1675 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/private_key.pem
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 451 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/public_key.pem
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 1078 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/server-cert.pem
-rw——- 1 root root 1675 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/server-key.pem

* 修改数据目录下生成的 SSL 文件所属用户与权限
[root@MySQL ~]# chown -v mysql.mysql /data/mysql_data/*.pem
changed ownership of `/data/mysql_data/ca-key.pem’ to mysql:mysql
changed ownership of `/data/mysql_data/ca.pem’ to mysql:mysql
changed ownership of `/data/mysql_data/client-cert.pem’ to mysql:mysql
changed ownership of `/data/mysql_data/client-key.pem’ to mysql:mysql
changed ownership of `/data/mysql_data/private_key.pem’ to mysql:mysql
changed ownership of `/data/mysql_data/public_key.pem’ to mysql:mysql
changed ownership of `/data/mysql_data/server-cert.pem’ to mysql:mysql
changed ownership of `/data/mysql_data/server-key.pem’ to mysql:mysql

* 查看生成的 SSL 文件
[root@MySQL ~]# ls -l /data/mysql_data/*.pem
-rw——- 1 mysql mysql 1679 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/ca-key.pem
-rw-r–r– 1 mysql mysql 1074 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/ca.pem
-rw-r–r– 1 mysql mysql 1078 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/client-cert.pem
-rw——- 1 mysql mysql 1675 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/client-key.pem
-rw——- 1 mysql mysql 1675 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/private_key.pem
-rw-r–r– 1 mysql mysql 451 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/public_key.pem
-rw-r–r– 1 mysql mysql 1078 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/server-cert.pem
-rw——- 1 mysql mysql 1675 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/server-key.pem

* 重启 MySQL 服务
[root@MySQL ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS!
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!

6. SSL + 密码连接测试
* 创建用户并指定 SSL 连接 [MySQL 5.7 后推荐使用 create user 方式创建用户]
mysql> create user ‘ssl_test’@’%’ identified by ‘123’ require SSL;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

* 通过密码连接测试 [默认采用 SSL 连接，需要指定不使用 SSL 连接]
[root@MySQL ~]# mysql -h 192.168.60.129 -ussl_test -p’123′ –ssl=0
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user ‘ssl_test’@’192.168.60.129’ (using password: YES)

* 通过 SSL + 密码连接测试
SSL: Cipher in use is DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA 表示通过 SSL 连接
[root@MySQL ~]# mysql -h 192.168.60.129 -ussl_test -p’123′ –ssl
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
WARNING: –ssl is deprecated and will be removed in a future version. Use –ssl-mode instead.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 12
Server version: 5.7.18 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type ‘help;’ or ‘\h’ for help. Type ‘\c’ to clear the current input statement.

mysql> \s
————–
mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.18, for linux-glibc2.5 (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper

Connection id: 12
Current database:
Current user: ssl_test@192.168.60.129
SSL: Cipher in use is DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA
Current pager: stdout
Using outfile: ”
Using delimiter: ;
Server version: 5.7.18 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Protocol version: 10
Connection: 192.168.60.129 via TCP/IP
Server characterset: latin1
Db characterset: latin1
Client characterset: utf8
Conn. characterset: utf8
TCP port: 3306
Uptime: 7 min 34 sec

Threads: 1 Questions: 29 Slow queries: 0 Opens: 112 Flush tables: 1 Open tables: 105 Queries per second avg: 0.063
————–

7. SSL + 密码 + 密钥连接

* 创建用户并指定 X509 [SSL+ 密钥] 连接 [MySQL 5.7 后推荐使用 create user 方式创建用户]
mysql> create user ‘X509_test’@’%’ identified by ‘123’ require X509;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

* 通过密码连接测试
[root@MySQL ~]# mysql -h 192.168.60.129 -uX509_test -p’123′ –ssl=0
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user ‘X509_test’@’192.168.60.129’ (using password: YES)

* 通过 SSL + 密码连接测试
[root@MySQL ~]# mysql -h 192.168.60.129 -uX509_test -p’123′ –ssl
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user ‘X509_test’@’192.168.60.129’ (using password: YES)

* 通过 SSL + 密码+密钥连接测试
SSL: Cipher in use is DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA 表示通过 SSL 连接
[root@MySQL ~]# mysql -h 192.168.60.129 -uX509_test -p’123′ –ssl-cert=/data/mysql_data/client-cert.pem –ssl-key=/data/mysql_data/client-key.pem
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 21
Server version: 5.7.18 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type ‘help;’ or ‘\h’ for help. Type ‘\c’ to clear the current input statement.

mysql> \s
————–
mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.18, for linux-glibc2.5 (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper

Connection id: 21
Current database:
Current user: X509_test@192.168.60.129
SSL: Cipher in use is DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA
Current pager: stdout
Using outfile: ”
Using delimiter: ;
Server version: 5.7.18 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Protocol version: 10
Connection: 192.168.60.129 via TCP/IP
Server characterset: latin1
Db characterset: latin1
Client characterset: utf8
Conn. characterset: utf8
TCP port: 3306
Uptime: 18 min 27 sec

Threads: 1 Questions: 40 Slow queries: 0 Opens: 118 Flush tables: 1 Open tables: 111 Queries per second avg: 0.036
————–