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测试环境安装了一套 Oracle 12c R2 的数据库，想要通过 PL/SQL developer 连接上数据库，但是报错
ORA-28040: No matching authentication protocol
上网查了原因：Oracle 12c 的参数 SQLNET.ALLOWED_LOGON_VERSION 默认等于 11。当我们使用 11g JDBC 之前版本的 thin 驱动连接的时候，就会报错。
于是按网上的方法解决方法来做：
在数据库服务器上的 oracle/network/admin/sqlnet.ora 文件添加一行 SQLNET.ALLOWED_LOGON_VERSION=8
修改之后再次连接却又报错 ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied
确认用户名和密码是没问题的，但就是连接不上，在服务器端就可以连接
[oracle@t13s ~]$ sqlplus pdbadmin@pdb1
SQL*Plus: Release 12.2.0.1.0 Production on Fri Mar 17 10:25:22 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2016, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Enter password:
Last Successful login time: Thu Mar 16 2017 20:28:26 +08:00
Connected to:
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.2.0.1.0 – 64bit Production
PDBADMIN@pdb1>
于是在 MOS 上搜索相关文档，查到这样一篇文章 Client / Server Interoperability Support Matrix for Different Oracle Versions (文档 ID 207303.1)
从文章中可以看出只有 11.2.0.3 及以上的版本的客户端才能连接 12.2 版本的服务端。再检查本地的 Oracle 客户端的版本是 11.2.0.1，原来是客户端版本太低了，安装 12.1 版本的客户端，顺利登录。
MOS 文章大致内容如下：
| Client Version | Server Version | ||||||
| 12.2.0#10 | 12.1.0 | 11.2.0 | 11.1.0 | 10.2.0 | 10.1.0 | 9.2.0 | |
| 12.2.0 | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No#3 | No#3 |
| 12.1.0 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Was | MDS #7 | No#3 | No#3 |
| 11.2.0 | Yes#9 | Yes | Yes | Was | MDS #7 | No | Was #5 |
| 11.1.0 | No | Was | Was | Was | Was #7 | Was #6 | Was #5 |
| 10.2.0 | No | MDS #7 | MDS #7 | Was #7 | MDS | Was | Was #5 |
| 10.1.0#4 | No | No | Was #6 | Was #6 | Was | Was | Was |
| 9.2.0 | No | No#8 | Was #5 | Was #5 | Was #5 | Was | Was |
Key:
Yes Supported ES Supported but fixes only possible for customers with Extended Support . LES or MDS Supported but fixes only possible for customer with a valid Limited Extended Support or Market-Driven Support contract respectively. Was Was a supported combination but one of the releases is no longer covered by any of Premier Support, Primary Error Correct support, Extended Support, nor Extended Maintenance Support. Fixes are no longer possible. No Has never been Supported
Specific Notes:
#1 – See Note:207319.1#2 – An ORA-3134 error is incorrectly reported if a 10g client tries to connect to an 8.1.7.3 or lower server. See Note:3437884.8 .#3 – An ORA-3134 error is correctly reported when attempting to connect to this version.#4 – There are problems connecting from a 10g client to 8i/9i where one is EBCDIC based. See Note:3564573.8#5 – For connections between 10.2 (or higher) and 9.2 the 9.2 end MUST be at 9.2.0.4 or higher. Connections between 10.2 (or higher) and 9.2.0.1, 9.2.0.2 or 9.2.0.3 have never been supported.#6 – For connections between 11.1 (or higher) database server and 10.1 / 10.2 database server across a database link the 10g end MUST be at 10.1.0.5 / 10.2.0.2 (or higher) respectively in order to use PLSQL between those versions. (This does not apply to normal 11g clients to 10g database server only server to server and a few very specific client products, such as Oracle Forms). See Note:4511371.8 for more details.#7 – For database link connections between 11.1 (or higher) and 10.2 the 10g end MUST be at 10.2.0.2 (or higher) in order to use PLSQL between those versions. See Note:4511371.8 for more details.#8 – Attempting to connect from 9.2 to 12.1 will fail with an “ORA-28040: No matching authentication protocol” error.#9 – 11.2.0.3 or 11.2.0.4 only. We do not support any 11.2 client interoperability with Oracle Database Exadata Express Cloud Service#10 – Includes Oracle Database Exadata Express Cloud Service – see Note:2183770.1 for additional details
General Notes:
For database links between different Oracle versions connections must be supported in BOTH directions in the matrix above.
eg: As 11.2 -> 10.1 is not supported then database links between these version are not supported in either direction.Unsupported combinations may appear to work but can encounter errors for particular operations. The fact that they appear to work should not be relied upon – issues on unsupported combinations will not be investigated.
Since new database servers are compatible with a limited set of older OCI clients, it may not be necessary to upgrade the client software when upgrading the database. However, some new features may not work without upgrading the client software. For example, an Oracle 10.2 client is able to connect to an 11.2 database, but is not able to take advantage of newer features such as Client Result Cache (introduced in 11.1).
Oracle Applications , or other Oracle products, may have supported configurations not listed in the matrix above.
The matrix above also applies between different platforms and between 32/64 bit releases of Oracle client / server except where any Oracle platform desupport notice indicates otherwise .
Unix BEQUEATH (BEQ) connections are NOT supported between different releases. eg: Client 10.2 is not supported to make an Oracle Net connection to a 11.2 server using the BEQ protocol adapter regardless of the interoperability support listed above. See Note:364252.1 for more details.
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