Quartz2.0以上版本的单机和集群

共计 36685 个字符，预计需要花费 92 分钟才能阅读完成。

(一)Quartz 单机

1.Quartz 简介

Quartz 是一个完全由 java 编写的开源作业调度框架，能实现业务的定时调度。Quartz 主要有三个核心调度器、任务和触发器：

①任务 -JobDetail：Quartz 在任务调度的时候，需要创建一个任务实例，JobDetail 正是承担这个角色。在 Quartz2.0 以前的版本中，创建一个任务通过 new JobDetail(String jobName, String gruop, Class jobCLass)这个方法来创建，在 2.0 之后的版本中通过 JobBuilder 来创建任务。Job 接口中只有一个方法 void execute(JobExecutionContext context) throws JobExecutionException，因此在任务调度时，只需要实现 execute 方法就可以了，使用起来很方便。

②触发器 -Trigger：定义 Job 的执行时间、次数等信息，有 SimpleTrigger 和 CronTrigger 两种类型。当你需要的是一次性的调度，或者你需要在指定的时间激活某个任务并执行 N 次，设置每次任务执行的间隔时间 T。那此时使用 SimpleTrigger 将是非常方便的。如果你想在每周的周一 7:00 或者每月的第 2,3 天实现任务调度，这时候就需要用到 CronTrigger，CronTrigger 能够提供复杂的触发器表达式满足我们的需求。同时需要提到的一点是 Quartz 还提供很多日期的实现类 DateBuilder 等，在实际使用中很方便。

③调度器 -Scheduler：Quartz 框架的核心是调度器。调度器负责管理 Quartz 应用运行时环境。调度器不是靠自己做所有的工作，而是依赖框架内一些非常重要的部件。Quartz 不仅仅是线程和线程管理。为确保可伸缩性，Quartz 采用了基于多线程的架构。启动时，框架初始化一套 worker 线程，这套线程被调度器用来执行预定的作业。这就是 Quartz 怎样能并发运行多个作业的原理。Quartz 依赖一套松耦合的线程池管理部件来管理线程环境。

Spring3.2.11 与 Quartz2.2.1 整合时内存泄漏问题解决 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2015-06/119042.htm

Spring 配置 Quartz 任务调度框架教程 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2014-11/108907.htm

Quartz 深入浅出 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2014-09/107007.htm

Quartz1.6 有状态 JOB 碰到的棘手问题既解决方案 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2014-09/107005.htm

Spring 3 整合 Quartz 2 实现定时任务 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2014-09/107006.htm

Java 项目中定时任务之 Quartz 的应用 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-12/94443.htm

Spring 3 调度器示例 —— JDK 定时器和 Quartz 展示 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-10/91946.htm

Quartz 框架实现任务调度 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2016-11/136778.htm

Spring Quartz 定时任务 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2016-11/137525.htm

2. 搭建 Quartz 工程

①创建一个新工程

新建文件 lib 作为外部 jar 包，Quartz 最新版本通过官网可以下载 http://www.quartz-scheduler.org/downloads/。导入你下载的 quartz 包，新建 package 为 com.example.singleQuartz, 里面就两个简单的类 SingleQuartzJob 和 SingleQuartzServer。SingleQuartzJob 定义 Job 的实现类，SingleQuartzServer 任务调度服务。

Quartz2.0 以上版本的单机和集群

②SingleQuartzJob.java 定义 Job 的实现类

package com.example.singleQuartz;

import org.quartz.Job;
import org.quartz.JobExecutionContext;
import org.quartz.JobExecutionException;

import java.util.Date;

/**
 * Created by XuHui on 2016/12/22.
 */
public class SingleQuartzJob implements Job {
    @Override
    public void execute(JobExecutionContext context) throws JobExecutionException {System.out.print("Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at"+
                new Date() + "by" + context.getTrigger().getJobKey() + "\n");
    }
}

③SingleQuartzServer.java 实现任务调度

package com.example.singleQuartz;

import org.quartz.*;
import org.quartz.impl.StdSchedulerFactory;

import java.util.Date;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

/**
 * Created by XuHui on 2016/12/22.
 */
public class SingleQuartzServer {public static void main(String[] args) throws SchedulerException {/* 获取 Scheduler 实例 */
        SchedulerFactory factory = new StdSchedulerFactory();
        Scheduler scheduler = factory.getScheduler();

        /* 启动调度器 */
        scheduler.start();

        /* 任务：withIdentity(String name, String group)，其中 groupName 可以自己定义，也可以用 Scheduler 提供的 DEFAULT_GROUP。这里要求同组里面的 jobName 不能相同*/
        JobDetail jobDetail = JobBuilder.newJob(SingleQuartzJob.class)
                .withIdentity("job", Scheduler.DEFAULT_GROUP)
                .build();

        /*触发器：SimpleTrigger 和 CronTrigger。实现的功能是：接下来 30s 后执行 job，以后每个 10s 执行一次，重复 10 次，一共执行 11 次。nextGivenSecondDate(null, 30)距离现在时间 30s 之后执行 job，此处 null 可写作 new Date(), 可自行在 api 查看源码实现 */
        Date startTime = DateBuilder.nextGivenSecondDate(null, 30);
        SimpleTrigger simpleTrigger = TriggerBuilder.newTrigger()
                .withIdentity("trigger", Scheduler.DEFAULT_GROUP)
                .startAt(startTime)
                .withSchedule(SimpleScheduleBuilder.simpleSchedule()
                        .withIntervalInSeconds(10)
                        .withRepeatCount(10))
                .forJob(jobDetail)
                .build();

        /* 交由调度器调度 Job */
        scheduler.scheduleJob(jobDetail, simpleTrigger);

        /* 3 分钟任务调度之后关闭调度器 */
        try{TimeUnit.MINUTES.sleep(3);
        } catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {scheduler.shutdown();
        }
    }
}

④执行任务调度

执行 run->main 但是发现报错了。此时是少了两个个日志包，slf4j-api-1.7.22.jar 和 slf4j-simple-1.7.22.jar，我们只要添加 slf4j 包就可以了。

通过官网可以下载http://www.slf4j.org/download.html，找到这两个包放到 lib 下就可以了。

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/slf4j/LoggerFactory
    at org.quartz.impl.StdSchedulerFactory.<init>(StdSchedulerFactory.java:303)
    at com.example.singleQuartz.SingleQuartzServer.main(SingleQuartzServer.java:15)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source)
    at com.intellij.rt.execution.application.AppMain.main(AppMain.java:144)
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.slf4j.LoggerFactory
    at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(Unknown Source)
    at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)
    at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)
    at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)
    ... 7 more

解决完上面日志包的问题，我们运行上面程序可以看到正常的调度结果如下。


[main] INFO org.quartz.core.QuartzScheduler - Scheduler DefaultQuartzScheduler_$_NON_CLUSTERED started.
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Thu Dec 22 19:40:30 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Thu Dec 22 19:40:40 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Thu Dec 22 19:40:50 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Thu Dec 22 19:41:00 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Thu Dec 22 19:41:10 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Thu Dec 22 19:41:20 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Thu Dec 22 19:41:30 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Thu Dec 22 19:41:40 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Thu Dec 22 19:41:50 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Thu Dec 22 19:42:00 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Thu Dec 22 19:42:10 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job
[main] INFO org.quartz.core.QuartzScheduler - Scheduler DefaultQuartzScheduler_$_NON_CLUSTERED shutting down.
[main] INFO org.quartz.core.QuartzScheduler - Scheduler DefaultQuartzScheduler_$_NON_CLUSTERED paused.
[main] INFO org.quartz.core.QuartzScheduler - Scheduler DefaultQuartzScheduler_$_NON_CLUSTERED shutdown complete.

⑤任务调度的多线程

Scheduler 是存在多对多的关系，由于线程池的存在，调度器实现多线程并发执行任务调度，直接看下面 demo 就能明白。

package com.example.singleQuartz;

import org.quartz.*;
import org.quartz.impl.StdSchedulerFactory;

import java.util.Date;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

/**
 * Created by XuHui on 2016/12/22.
 */
public class SingleQuartzThreadPoolServer {public static void main(String[] args) throws SchedulerException {/* 获取 Scheduler 实例 */
        SchedulerFactory factory = new StdSchedulerFactory();
        Scheduler scheduler = factory.getScheduler();

        /* 启动调度器 */
        scheduler.start();

        /******************************************************* Job-1 ****************************************************************/
        /* 任务：withIdentity(String name, String group)，其中 groupName 可以自己定义，也可以用 Scheduler 提供的 DEFAULT_GROUP。这里要求同组里面的 jobName 不能相同*/
        JobDetail jobDetail = JobBuilder.newJob(SingleQuartzJob.class)
                .withIdentity("job1", Scheduler.DEFAULT_GROUP)
                .build();

        /*触发器：SimpleTrigger 和 CronTrigger。实现的功能是：接下来 30s 后执行 job，以后每个 10s 执行一次，重复 10 次，一共执行 11 次。nextGivenSecondDate(null, 30)距离现在时间 30s 之后执行 job，此处 null 可写作 new Date(), 可自行在 api 查看源码实现 */
        Date startTime = DateBuilder.nextGivenSecondDate(null, 30);
        SimpleTrigger simpleTrigger = TriggerBuilder.newTrigger()
                .withIdentity("trigger1", Scheduler.DEFAULT_GROUP)
                .startAt(startTime)
                .withSchedule(SimpleScheduleBuilder.simpleSchedule()
                        .withIntervalInSeconds(10)
                        .withRepeatCount(2))
                .forJob(jobDetail)
                .build();

        /* 交由调度器调度 Job */
        scheduler.scheduleJob(jobDetail, simpleTrigger);

        /******************************************************* Job-2 ****************************************************************/
        jobDetail = JobBuilder.newJob(SingleQuartzJob.class)
                .withIdentity("job2", Scheduler.DEFAULT_GROUP)
                .build();

        simpleTrigger = TriggerBuilder.newTrigger()
                .withIdentity("trigger2", Scheduler.DEFAULT_GROUP)
                .startAt(startTime)
                .withSchedule(SimpleScheduleBuilder.simpleSchedule()
                        .withIntervalInSeconds(10)
                        .withRepeatCount(2))
                .forJob(jobDetail)
                .build();
        scheduler.scheduleJob(jobDetail, simpleTrigger);

        /******************************************************* Job-3 ****************************************************************/
        jobDetail = JobBuilder.newJob(SingleQuartzJob.class)
                .withIdentity("job3", Scheduler.DEFAULT_GROUP)
                .build();

        simpleTrigger = TriggerBuilder.newTrigger()
                .withIdentity("trigger3", Scheduler.DEFAULT_GROUP)
                .startAt(startTime)
                .withSchedule(SimpleScheduleBuilder.simpleSchedule()
                        .withIntervalInSeconds(10)
                        .withRepeatCount(2))
                .forJob(jobDetail)
                .build();
        scheduler.scheduleJob(jobDetail, simpleTrigger);

        /* 2 分钟任务调度之后关闭调度器 */
        try{TimeUnit.MINUTES.sleep(2);
        } catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {scheduler.shutdown();
        }
    }

}

执行结果如下：

[main] INFO org.quartz.core.QuartzScheduler - Scheduler DefaultQuartzScheduler_$_NON_CLUSTERED started.
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Thu Dec 22 19:52:30 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job1
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Thu Dec 22 19:52:30 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job2
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Thu Dec 22 19:52:30 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job3
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Thu Dec 22 19:52:40 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job3
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Thu Dec 22 19:52:40 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job1
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Thu Dec 22 19:52:40 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job2
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Thu Dec 22 19:52:50 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job1
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Thu Dec 22 19:52:50 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job3
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Thu Dec 22 19:52:50 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job2
[main] INFO org.quartz.core.QuartzScheduler - Scheduler DefaultQuartzScheduler_$_NON_CLUSTERED shutting down.
[main] INFO org.quartz.core.QuartzScheduler - Scheduler DefaultQuartzScheduler_$_NON_CLUSTERED paused.
[main] INFO org.quartz.core.QuartzScheduler - Scheduler DefaultQuartzScheduler_$_NON_CLUSTERED shutdown complete.

(二)任务调度持久到数据库

1. 建立数据库和建表

上面的例子的任务是存在内存中的，如果程序关闭任务就会消失，为了保持任务的可持久性，需要将任务调度存到数据库中。在你下载的 quartz 包下找到 quartz-2.2.1\docs\dbTables\，找到你对应的数据库建表语言，这里我用的是 mysql 数据库 tables_mysql.sql。在你本地或者服务器数据库新建一个数据库 quartz(你可以不建，主要为了和其他数据库区分)。将以下的建表语言导入该数据库。

#
# Quartz seems to work best with the driver mm.mysql-2.0.7-bin.jar
#
# PLEASE consider using mysql with innodb tables to avoid locking issues
#
# In your Quartz properties file, you'll need to set 
# org.quartz.jobStore.driverDelegateClass = org.quartz.impl.jdbcjobstore.StdJDBCDelegate
#

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_FIRED_TRIGGERS;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_PAUSED_TRIGGER_GRPS;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_SCHEDULER_STATE;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_LOCKS;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_SIMPLE_TRIGGERS;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_SIMPROP_TRIGGERS;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_CRON_TRIGGERS;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_BLOB_TRIGGERS;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_TRIGGERS;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_JOB_DETAILS;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_CALENDARS;


CREATE TABLE QRTZ_JOB_DETAILS
  (SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL,
    JOB_NAME  VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
    JOB_GROUP VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
    DESCRIPTION VARCHAR(250) NULL,
    JOB_CLASS_NAME   VARCHAR(250) NOT NULL,
    IS_DURABLE VARCHAR(1) NOT NULL,
    IS_NONCONCURRENT VARCHAR(1) NOT NULL,
    IS_UPDATE_DATA VARCHAR(1) NOT NULL,
    REQUESTS_RECOVERY VARCHAR(1) NOT NULL,
    JOB_DATA BLOB NULL,
    PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,JOB_NAME,JOB_GROUP)
);

CREATE TABLE QRTZ_TRIGGERS
  (SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL,
    TRIGGER_NAME VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
    TRIGGER_GROUP VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
    JOB_NAME  VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
    JOB_GROUP VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
    DESCRIPTION VARCHAR(250) NULL,
    NEXT_FIRE_TIME BIGINT(13) NULL,
    PREV_FIRE_TIME BIGINT(13) NULL,
    PRIORITY INTEGER NULL,
    TRIGGER_STATE VARCHAR(16) NOT NULL,
    TRIGGER_TYPE VARCHAR(8) NOT NULL,
    START_TIME BIGINT(13) NOT NULL,
    END_TIME BIGINT(13) NULL,
    CALENDAR_NAME VARCHAR(200) NULL,
    MISFIRE_INSTR SMALLINT(2) NULL,
    JOB_DATA BLOB NULL,
    PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP),
    FOREIGN KEY (SCHED_NAME,JOB_NAME,JOB_GROUP)
        REFERENCES QRTZ_JOB_DETAILS(SCHED_NAME,JOB_NAME,JOB_GROUP)
);

CREATE TABLE QRTZ_SIMPLE_TRIGGERS
  (SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL,
    TRIGGER_NAME VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
    TRIGGER_GROUP VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
    REPEAT_COUNT BIGINT(7) NOT NULL,
    REPEAT_INTERVAL BIGINT(12) NOT NULL,
    TIMES_TRIGGERED BIGINT(10) NOT NULL,
    PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP),
    FOREIGN KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP)
        REFERENCES QRTZ_TRIGGERS(SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP)
);

CREATE TABLE QRTZ_CRON_TRIGGERS
  (SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL,
    TRIGGER_NAME VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
    TRIGGER_GROUP VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
    CRON_EXPRESSION VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
    TIME_ZONE_ID VARCHAR(80),
    PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP),
    FOREIGN KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP)
        REFERENCES QRTZ_TRIGGERS(SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP)
);

CREATE TABLE QRTZ_SIMPROP_TRIGGERS
  (SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL,
    TRIGGER_NAME VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
    TRIGGER_GROUP VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
    STR_PROP_1 VARCHAR(512) NULL,
    STR_PROP_2 VARCHAR(512) NULL,
    STR_PROP_3 VARCHAR(512) NULL,
    INT_PROP_1 INT NULL,
    INT_PROP_2 INT NULL,
    LONG_PROP_1 BIGINT NULL,
    LONG_PROP_2 BIGINT NULL,
    DEC_PROP_1 NUMERIC(13,4) NULL,
    DEC_PROP_2 NUMERIC(13,4) NULL,
    BOOL_PROP_1 VARCHAR(1) NULL,
    BOOL_PROP_2 VARCHAR(1) NULL,
    PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP),
    FOREIGN KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP) 
    REFERENCES QRTZ_TRIGGERS(SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP)
);

CREATE TABLE QRTZ_BLOB_TRIGGERS
  (SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL,
    TRIGGER_NAME VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
    TRIGGER_GROUP VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
    BLOB_DATA BLOB NULL,
    PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP),
    FOREIGN KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP)
        REFERENCES QRTZ_TRIGGERS(SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP)
);

CREATE TABLE QRTZ_CALENDARS
  (SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL,
    CALENDAR_NAME  VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
    CALENDAR BLOB NOT NULL,
    PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,CALENDAR_NAME)
);

CREATE TABLE QRTZ_PAUSED_TRIGGER_GRPS
  (SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL,
    TRIGGER_GROUP  VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL, 
    PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP)
);

CREATE TABLE QRTZ_FIRED_TRIGGERS
  (SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL,
    ENTRY_ID VARCHAR(95) NOT NULL,
    TRIGGER_NAME VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
    TRIGGER_GROUP VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
    INSTANCE_NAME VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
    FIRED_TIME BIGINT(13) NOT NULL,
    SCHED_TIME BIGINT(13) NOT NULL,
    PRIORITY INTEGER NOT NULL,
    STATE VARCHAR(16) NOT NULL,
    JOB_NAME VARCHAR(200) NULL,
    JOB_GROUP VARCHAR(200) NULL,
    IS_NONCONCURRENT VARCHAR(1) NULL,
    REQUESTS_RECOVERY VARCHAR(1) NULL,
    PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,ENTRY_ID)
);

CREATE TABLE QRTZ_SCHEDULER_STATE
  (SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL,
    INSTANCE_NAME VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
    LAST_CHECKIN_TIME BIGINT(13) NOT NULL,
    CHECKIN_INTERVAL BIGINT(13) NOT NULL,
    PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,INSTANCE_NAME)
);

CREATE TABLE QRTZ_LOCKS
  (SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL,
    LOCK_NAME  VARCHAR(40) NOT NULL, 
    PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,LOCK_NAME)
);


commit;

2. 导入 mysql 数据库的 jdbc 驱动包，mysql-connector-java-5.1.40-bin.jar

更多详情见请继续阅读下一页的精彩内容：http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2016-12/138743p2.htm

3. 配置 Quartz 配置文件 quartz.properities

org.quartz.scheduler.instanceName = MyScheduler
org.quartz.threadPool.threadCount = 3
org.quartz.jobStore.class = org.quartz.impl.jdbcjobstore.JobStoreTX
org.quartz.jobStore.driverDelegateClass = org.quartz.impl.jdbcjobstore.StdJDBCDelegate
org.quartz.jobStore.tablePrefix = QRTZ_
org.quartz.jobStore.dataSource = myDS

org.quartz.dataSource.myDS.driver = com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
org.quartz.dataSource.myDS.URL = jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/quartz?characterEncoding=utf-8
org.quartz.dataSource.myDS.user = root
org.quartz.dataSource.myDS.password = 123456
org.quartz.dataSource.myDS.maxConnections = 5

4. 任务调度的持久性

其实介绍这部分主要是为了后面的 Quartz 集群做铺垫。为了验证任务调度的可持久性，我们从这两方面验证，当我们程序停止运行的时候，查看数据库能查看到任务调度的数据；当重新启动同一调度器的时候，原来的任务能继续执行。SingleQuartzKeepAlive.java 如下，其实和上面的 SingleQuartzServer 基本一样，只是加载了 Quartz 配置文件。

package com.example.singleQuartz;

import org.quartz.*;
import org.quartz.impl.StdSchedulerFactory;

import java.util.Date;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

/**
 * Created by XuHui on 2016/12/22.
 */
public class SingleQuartzKeepAlive {public static void main(String[] args) throws SchedulerException {/* 获取 Scheduler 实例 */
        StdSchedulerFactory factory = new StdSchedulerFactory();
        factory.initialize("quartz.properities");
        Scheduler scheduler = factory.getScheduler();

        /* 启动调度器 */
        scheduler.start();

        JobDetail jobDetail = JobBuilder.newJob(SingleQuartzJob.class)
                .withIdentity("job", Scheduler.DEFAULT_GROUP)
                .build();

        Date startTime = DateBuilder.nextGivenSecondDate(null, 30);
        SimpleTrigger simpleTrigger = (SimpleTrigger) TriggerBuilder.newTrigger()
                .withIdentity("trigger", Scheduler.DEFAULT_GROUP)
                .startAt(startTime)
                .withSchedule(SimpleScheduleBuilder.simpleSchedule()
                        .withIntervalInSeconds(10)
                        .withRepeatCount(10))
                .forJob(jobDetail)
                .build();

        /* 交由调度器调度 Job */
        scheduler.scheduleJob(jobDetail, simpleTrigger);

        /* 3 分钟任务调度之后关闭调度器 */
        try{TimeUnit.MINUTES.sleep(3);
        } catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {scheduler.shutdown();
        }
    }
}

我们 run->main 发现报错了，报错如下。这个因为我们缺少了 c3p0-0.9.1.2.jar，下载地址为 http://www.mchange.com/projects/c3p0/index.html。将这个包加入 lib 中即可。

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: com/mchange/v2/c3p0/ComboPooledDataSource
    at org.quartz.utils.PoolingConnectionProvider.initialize(PoolingConnectionProvider.java:210)
    at org.quartz.utils.PoolingConnectionProvider.<init>(PoolingConnectionProvider.java:155)
    at org.quartz.impl.StdSchedulerFactory.instantiate(StdSchedulerFactory.java:1014)
    at org.quartz.impl.StdSchedulerFactory.getScheduler(StdSchedulerFactory.java:1519)
    at com.example.singleQuartz.SingleQuartzKeepAlive.main(SingleQuartzKeepAlive.java:17)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source)
    at com.intellij.rt.execution.application.AppMain.main(AppMain.java:144)
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource
    at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(Unknown Source)
    at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)
    at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)
    at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)
    ... 10 more

Process finished with exit code 1

运行结果正常，我们在数据库可以看到 job 和 trigger 表都有了任务调度记录数据。此时我们不妨只启动原来的调度器，看看是否任务调度还能正常进行。通过结果同学们就很清楚了，这次任务调度我们只执行了 4 次，因为在程序中断之前运行了 7 次。

package com.example.singleQuartz;

import org.quartz.Scheduler;
import org.quartz.SchedulerException;
import org.quartz.impl.StdSchedulerFactory;

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

/**
 * Created by XuHui on 2016/12/23.
 */
public class SingleQuartzOldScheduler {public static void main(String[] args) throws SchedulerException {StdSchedulerFactory factory = new StdSchedulerFactory();
        factory.initialize("quartz.properities");
        Scheduler scheduler = factory.getScheduler();
        scheduler.start();
        try{TimeUnit.MINUTES.sleep(1);
        } catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {scheduler.shutdown();
        }
    }
}
================= 结果 ====================
[main] INFO org.quartz.core.QuartzScheduler - Scheduler MyScheduler_$_NON_CLUSTERED started.
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Fri Dec 23 09:20:16 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Fri Dec 23 09:20:26 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Fri Dec 23 09:20:36 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Fri Dec 23 09:20:46 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job
[main] INFO org.quartz.core.QuartzScheduler - Scheduler MyScheduler_$_NON_CLUSTERED shutting down.
[main] INFO org.quartz.core.QuartzScheduler - Scheduler MyScheduler_$_NON_CLUSTERED paused.
[main] INFO org.quartz.core.QuartzScheduler - Scheduler MyScheduler_$_NON_CLUSTERED shutdown complete.

5. 最终的工程目录结构

Quartz2.0 以上版本的单机和集群

(三)Quartz 集群

1. 搭建 web 工程

看完第二部分之后，大部分同学已经明白了，Quartz 集群是怎么回事了。其实就是把调度任务存到数据库中，集群的时候每台服务器调度任务都指向同一数据库，从同一数据库取调度任务，这就是 Quartz 集群了。为在本地验证 quartz 集群，我重新搭建一个工程，里面撘两个 web 模块，目录结构如下。clusterweb_two 和 clusterweb_one 文件和配置一模一样。

Quartz2.0 以上版本的单机和集群

2. 配置 Quartz 集群文件 quartz.properities

多台服务器上的这个配置文件除了 instanceId 不同，这里可以设置成 AUTO 根据机器自动生成，其他基本都相同，必须限定的是数据库信息必须相同。

org.quartz.scheduler.instanceName = ClusterScheduler
org.quartz.threadPool.threadCount = 3
org.quartz.jobStore.class = org.quartz.impl.jdbcjobstore.JobStoreTX
org.quartz.jobStore.driverDelegateClass = org.quartz.impl.jdbcjobstore.StdJDBCDelegate
org.quartz.jobStore.tablePrefix = QRTZ_
org.quartz.jobStore.dataSource = myDS
# Cluster
org.quartz.jobStore.isClustered = true
org.quartz.scheduler.instanceId = AUTO

org.quartz.dataSource.myDS.driver = com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
org.quartz.dataSource.myDS.URL = jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/quartz?characterEncoding=utf-8
org.quartz.dataSource.myDS.user = root
org.quartz.dataSource.myDS.password = 123456
org.quartz.dataSource.myDS.maxConnections = 5

3. 配置 web 监听器

我们把调度器放到 web 监听器中运行，当 web 启动时会运行这个监听器，同时会启动调度器，监听器 QuartzApplicationListener.java 如下所示。

package com.example.web;

import org.quartz.*;
import org.quartz.impl.StdSchedulerFactory;

import javax.servlet.ServletContextEvent;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextListener;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

/**
 * Created by XuHui on 2016/12/23.
 */
public class QuartzApplicationListener implements ServletContextListener {private Scheduler scheduler = null;
    @Override
    public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent servletContextEvent) {StdSchedulerFactory factory = new StdSchedulerFactory();
        try {factory.initialize("quartz.properities");
            scheduler = factory.getScheduler();
             /* 启动调度器 */
            scheduler.start();} catch (SchedulerException e) {e.printStackTrace();
        }

        JobDetail jobDetail = JobBuilder.newJob(HelloJob.class)
                .withIdentity("job", Scheduler.DEFAULT_GROUP)
                .build();

        Date startTime = DateBuilder.nextGivenSecondDate(null, 30);
        SimpleTrigger simpleTrigger = TriggerBuilder.newTrigger()
                .withIdentity("trigger", Scheduler.DEFAULT_GROUP)
                .startAt(startTime)
                .withSchedule(SimpleScheduleBuilder.simpleSchedule()
                        .withIntervalInSeconds(10)
                        .withRepeatCount(10))
                .forJob(jobDetail)
                .build();
        try{/* 交由调度器调度 Job */
            scheduler.scheduleJob(jobDetail, simpleTrigger);
        } catch (SchedulerException e) {e.printStackTrace();
        }

        /* 3 分钟任务调度之后关闭调度器 */
        try{TimeUnit.MINUTES.sleep(3);
        }catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }

    @Override
    public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent servletContextEvent) {try{scheduler.shutdown();
        } catch (SchedulerException e) {e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

4.web 配置文件 web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
         version="3.1">
    <listener>
        <listener-class>
            com.example.web.QuartzApplicationListener
        </listener-class>
    </listener>
</web-app>

5. 运行两个 tomcat 模拟集群

在 idea 中配置两个 tomcat，并且让两个 tomcat 同时运行有点小麻烦，主要注意一点每个 tomcat 配置的 Http Port 和 JMX Port 要不同。

tomcat1 : Http Port : 8081 JMX Port : 1099

tomcat2 : Http Port : 8082 JMX Port : 1100

tomcat1 和 tomcat2 运行成功之后，此时两个服务都已启动，此时只有 tomcat1 开始任务调度，tomcat2 未进行任务调度。首先把 tomcat1 服务停掉，此时会出现 tomcat2 任务调度开始，这里跟做服务高可靠性很像。运行结果：

==============tomcat1=====================
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Fri Dec 23 11:27:00 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job on webone
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Fri Dec 23 11:27:10 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job on webone
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Fri Dec 23 11:27:20 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job on webone
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Fri Dec 23 11:27:30 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job on webone
D:\work\tomcat\apache-tomcat-8.0.23-windows-x64\apache-tomcat-8.0.23\bin\catalina.bat stop
Disconnected from server
==============tomcat2=====================
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Fri Dec 23 11:27:56 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job on webtwo
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Fri Dec 23 11:27:56 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job on webtwo
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Fri Dec 23 11:28:00 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job on webtwo
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Fri Dec 23 11:28:10 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job on webtwo
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Fri Dec 23 11:28:20 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job on webtwo
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Fri Dec 23 11:28:30 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job on webtwo
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Fri Dec 23 11:28:40 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job on webtwo
[2016-12-23 11:29:48,369] Artifact clusterweb_two:war exploded: Artifact is deployed successfully

写在最后：Quartz 基础部分总结起来可能不多，实际应用主要是 Job 中 execute 方法的实现。看完上面的介绍之后我们发现，Quartz 使用起来非常方便，Quartz 提供了很多日期和日历类。写过定时备份、定时查询统计方法的同学，知道这里写起来很麻烦。Quqatz 大大缩减了程序的代码量。之前和一位同事讨论了什么时候用 Quartz，很多时候我们都会自己写任务调度。一般都是这样实现的：我们会启线程相当于定时器，定时去查询符合条件的 Job，如果查询到多 Job 同时调度，我们会启一个线程池多线程并发运行。这样看上去 Quartz 都具备了，使用 Quartz 之后代码非常简洁、可复用性高并且任务调度的可持久性，只需要配置 Quartz 配置文件就可以将调度任务存到数据库中，正是因为这点所以 Quartz 可以集群，对于任务数很多的集群环境下，这就是无与伦比的优点了。如果在搭建环境或者发现文章中有不对或不足的地方，可以在下方留言，大家共同学习。

本文永久更新链接地址：http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2016-12/138743.htm