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(一)Quartz 单机
1.Quartz 简介
Quartz 是一个完全由 java 编写的开源作业调度框架,能实现业务的定时调度。Quartz 主要有三个核心调度器、任务和触发器:
①任务 -JobDetail:Quartz 在任务调度的时候,需要创建一个任务实例,JobDetail 正是承担这个角色。在 Quartz2.0 以前的版本中,创建一个任务通过 new JobDetail(String jobName, String gruop, Class jobCLass)这个方法来创建,在 2.0 之后的版本中通过 JobBuilder 来创建任务。Job 接口中只有一个方法 void execute(JobExecutionContext context) throws JobExecutionException,因此在任务调度时,只需要实现 execute 方法就可以了,使用起来很方便。
②触发器 -Trigger:定义 Job 的执行时间、次数等信息,有 SimpleTrigger 和 CronTrigger 两种类型。当你需要的是一次性的调度,或者你需要在指定的时间激活某个任务并执行 N 次,设置每次任务执行的间隔时间 T。那此时使用 SimpleTrigger 将是非常方便的。如果你想在每周的周一 7:00 或者每月的第 2,3 天实现任务调度,这时候就需要用到 CronTrigger,CronTrigger 能够提供复杂的触发器表达式满足我们的需求。同时需要提到的一点是 Quartz 还提供很多日期的实现类 DateBuilder 等,在实际使用中很方便。
③调度器 -Scheduler:Quartz 框架的核心是调度器。调度器负责管理 Quartz 应用运行时环境。调度器不是靠自己做所有的工作,而是依赖框架内一些非常重要的部件。Quartz 不仅仅是线程和线程管理。为确保可伸缩性,Quartz 采用了基于多线程的架构。启动时,框架初始化一套 worker 线程,这套线程被调度器用来执行预定的作业。这就是 Quartz 怎样能并发运行多个作业的原理。Quartz 依赖一套松耦合的线程池管理部件来管理线程环境。
Spring3.2.11 与 Quartz2.2.1 整合时内存泄漏问题解决 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2015-06/119042.htm
Spring 配置 Quartz 任务调度框架教程 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2014-11/108907.htm
Quartz 深入浅出 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2014-09/107007.htm
Quartz1.6 有状态 JOB 碰到的棘手问题既解决方案 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2014-09/107005.htm
Spring 3 整合 Quartz 2 实现定时任务 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2014-09/107006.htm
Java 项目中定时任务之 Quartz 的应用 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-12/94443.htm
Spring 3 调度器示例 —— JDK 定时器和 Quartz 展示 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-10/91946.htm
Quartz 框架 实现任务调度 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2016-11/136778.htm
Spring Quartz 定时任务 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2016-11/137525.htm
2. 搭建 Quartz 工程
①创建一个新工程
新建文件 lib 作为外部 jar 包,Quartz 最新版本通过官网可以下载 http://www.quartz-scheduler.org/downloads/。 导入你下载的 quartz 包,新建 package 为 com.example.singleQuartz, 里面就两个简单的类 SingleQuartzJob 和 SingleQuartzServer。SingleQuartzJob 定义 Job 的实现类,SingleQuartzServer 任务调度服务。
②SingleQuartzJob.java 定义 Job 的实现类
package com.example.singleQuartz;
import org.quartz.Job;
import org.quartz.JobExecutionContext;
import org.quartz.JobExecutionException;
import java.util.Date;
/**
* Created by XuHui on 2016/12/22.
*/
public class SingleQuartzJob implements Job {
@Override
public void execute(JobExecutionContext context) throws JobExecutionException {System.out.print("Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at"+
new Date() + "by" + context.getTrigger().getJobKey() + "\n");
}
}
③SingleQuartzServer.java 实现任务调度
package com.example.singleQuartz;
import org.quartz.*;
import org.quartz.impl.StdSchedulerFactory;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
/**
* Created by XuHui on 2016/12/22.
*/
public class SingleQuartzServer {public static void main(String[] args) throws SchedulerException {/* 获取 Scheduler 实例 */
SchedulerFactory factory = new StdSchedulerFactory();
Scheduler scheduler = factory.getScheduler();
/* 启动调度器 */
scheduler.start();
/* 任务:withIdentity(String name, String group),其中 groupName 可以自己定义,也可以用 Scheduler 提供的 DEFAULT_GROUP。这里要求同组里面的 jobName 不能相同*/
JobDetail jobDetail = JobBuilder.newJob(SingleQuartzJob.class)
.withIdentity("job", Scheduler.DEFAULT_GROUP)
.build();
/*触发器:SimpleTrigger 和 CronTrigger。实现的功能是:接下来 30s 后执行 job,以后每个 10s 执行一次,重复 10 次,一共执行 11 次。nextGivenSecondDate(null, 30)距离现在时间 30s 之后执行 job,此处 null 可写作 new Date(), 可自行在 api 查看源码实现 */
Date startTime = DateBuilder.nextGivenSecondDate(null, 30);
SimpleTrigger simpleTrigger = TriggerBuilder.newTrigger()
.withIdentity("trigger", Scheduler.DEFAULT_GROUP)
.startAt(startTime)
.withSchedule(SimpleScheduleBuilder.simpleSchedule()
.withIntervalInSeconds(10)
.withRepeatCount(10))
.forJob(jobDetail)
.build();
/* 交由调度器调度 Job */
scheduler.scheduleJob(jobDetail, simpleTrigger);
/* 3 分钟任务调度之后关闭调度器 */
try{TimeUnit.MINUTES.sleep(3);
} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();
} finally {scheduler.shutdown();
}
}
}
④执行任务调度
执行 run->main 但是发现报错了。此时是少了两个个日志包,slf4j-api-1.7.22.jar 和 slf4j-simple-1.7.22.jar,我们只要添加 slf4j 包就可以了。
通过官网可以下载http://www.slf4j.org/download.html,找到这两个包放到 lib 下就可以了。
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/slf4j/LoggerFactory
at org.quartz.impl.StdSchedulerFactory.<init>(StdSchedulerFactory.java:303)
at com.example.singleQuartz.SingleQuartzServer.main(SingleQuartzServer.java:15)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.application.AppMain.main(AppMain.java:144)
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.slf4j.LoggerFactory
at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(Unknown Source)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)
at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)
... 7 more
解决完上面日志包的问题,我们运行上面程序可以看到正常的调度结果如下。
[main] INFO org.quartz.core.QuartzScheduler - Scheduler DefaultQuartzScheduler_$_NON_CLUSTERED started.
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Thu Dec 22 19:40:30 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Thu Dec 22 19:40:40 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Thu Dec 22 19:40:50 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Thu Dec 22 19:41:00 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Thu Dec 22 19:41:10 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Thu Dec 22 19:41:20 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Thu Dec 22 19:41:30 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Thu Dec 22 19:41:40 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Thu Dec 22 19:41:50 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Thu Dec 22 19:42:00 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Thu Dec 22 19:42:10 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job
[main] INFO org.quartz.core.QuartzScheduler - Scheduler DefaultQuartzScheduler_$_NON_CLUSTERED shutting down.
[main] INFO org.quartz.core.QuartzScheduler - Scheduler DefaultQuartzScheduler_$_NON_CLUSTERED paused.
[main] INFO org.quartz.core.QuartzScheduler - Scheduler DefaultQuartzScheduler_$_NON_CLUSTERED shutdown complete.
⑤任务调度的多线程
Scheduler 是存在多对多的关系,由于线程池的存在,调度器实现多线程并发执行任务调度,直接看下面 demo 就能明白。
package com.example.singleQuartz;
import org.quartz.*;
import org.quartz.impl.StdSchedulerFactory;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
/**
* Created by XuHui on 2016/12/22.
*/
public class SingleQuartzThreadPoolServer {public static void main(String[] args) throws SchedulerException {/* 获取 Scheduler 实例 */
SchedulerFactory factory = new StdSchedulerFactory();
Scheduler scheduler = factory.getScheduler();
/* 启动调度器 */
scheduler.start();
/******************************************************* Job-1 ****************************************************************/
/* 任务:withIdentity(String name, String group),其中 groupName 可以自己定义,也可以用 Scheduler 提供的 DEFAULT_GROUP。这里要求同组里面的 jobName 不能相同*/
JobDetail jobDetail = JobBuilder.newJob(SingleQuartzJob.class)
.withIdentity("job1", Scheduler.DEFAULT_GROUP)
.build();
/*触发器:SimpleTrigger 和 CronTrigger。实现的功能是:接下来 30s 后执行 job,以后每个 10s 执行一次,重复 10 次,一共执行 11 次。nextGivenSecondDate(null, 30)距离现在时间 30s 之后执行 job,此处 null 可写作 new Date(), 可自行在 api 查看源码实现 */
Date startTime = DateBuilder.nextGivenSecondDate(null, 30);
SimpleTrigger simpleTrigger = TriggerBuilder.newTrigger()
.withIdentity("trigger1", Scheduler.DEFAULT_GROUP)
.startAt(startTime)
.withSchedule(SimpleScheduleBuilder.simpleSchedule()
.withIntervalInSeconds(10)
.withRepeatCount(2))
.forJob(jobDetail)
.build();
/* 交由调度器调度 Job */
scheduler.scheduleJob(jobDetail, simpleTrigger);
/******************************************************* Job-2 ****************************************************************/
jobDetail = JobBuilder.newJob(SingleQuartzJob.class)
.withIdentity("job2", Scheduler.DEFAULT_GROUP)
.build();
simpleTrigger = TriggerBuilder.newTrigger()
.withIdentity("trigger2", Scheduler.DEFAULT_GROUP)
.startAt(startTime)
.withSchedule(SimpleScheduleBuilder.simpleSchedule()
.withIntervalInSeconds(10)
.withRepeatCount(2))
.forJob(jobDetail)
.build();
scheduler.scheduleJob(jobDetail, simpleTrigger);
/******************************************************* Job-3 ****************************************************************/
jobDetail = JobBuilder.newJob(SingleQuartzJob.class)
.withIdentity("job3", Scheduler.DEFAULT_GROUP)
.build();
simpleTrigger = TriggerBuilder.newTrigger()
.withIdentity("trigger3", Scheduler.DEFAULT_GROUP)
.startAt(startTime)
.withSchedule(SimpleScheduleBuilder.simpleSchedule()
.withIntervalInSeconds(10)
.withRepeatCount(2))
.forJob(jobDetail)
.build();
scheduler.scheduleJob(jobDetail, simpleTrigger);
/* 2 分钟任务调度之后关闭调度器 */
try{TimeUnit.MINUTES.sleep(2);
} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();
} finally {scheduler.shutdown();
}
}
}
执行结果如下:
[main] INFO org.quartz.core.QuartzScheduler - Scheduler DefaultQuartzScheduler_$_NON_CLUSTERED started.
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Thu Dec 22 19:52:30 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job1
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Thu Dec 22 19:52:30 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job2
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Thu Dec 22 19:52:30 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job3
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Thu Dec 22 19:52:40 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job3
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Thu Dec 22 19:52:40 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job1
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Thu Dec 22 19:52:40 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job2
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Thu Dec 22 19:52:50 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job1
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Thu Dec 22 19:52:50 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job3
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Thu Dec 22 19:52:50 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job2
[main] INFO org.quartz.core.QuartzScheduler - Scheduler DefaultQuartzScheduler_$_NON_CLUSTERED shutting down.
[main] INFO org.quartz.core.QuartzScheduler - Scheduler DefaultQuartzScheduler_$_NON_CLUSTERED paused.
[main] INFO org.quartz.core.QuartzScheduler - Scheduler DefaultQuartzScheduler_$_NON_CLUSTERED shutdown complete.
(二)任务调度持久到数据库
1. 建立数据库和建表
上面的例子的任务是存在内存中的,如果程序关闭任务就会消失,为了保持任务的可持久性,需要将任务调度存到数据库中。在你下载的 quartz 包下找到 quartz-2.2.1\docs\dbTables\,找到你对应的数据库建表语言,这里我用的是 mysql 数据库 tables_mysql.sql。在你本地或者服务器数据库新建一个数据库 quartz(你可以不建,主要为了和其他数据库区分)。将以下的建表语言导入该数据库。
#
# Quartz seems to work best with the driver mm.mysql-2.0.7-bin.jar
#
# PLEASE consider using mysql with innodb tables to avoid locking issues
#
# In your Quartz properties file, you'll need to set
# org.quartz.jobStore.driverDelegateClass = org.quartz.impl.jdbcjobstore.StdJDBCDelegate
#
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_FIRED_TRIGGERS;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_PAUSED_TRIGGER_GRPS;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_SCHEDULER_STATE;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_LOCKS;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_SIMPLE_TRIGGERS;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_SIMPROP_TRIGGERS;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_CRON_TRIGGERS;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_BLOB_TRIGGERS;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_TRIGGERS;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_JOB_DETAILS;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_CALENDARS;
CREATE TABLE QRTZ_JOB_DETAILS
(SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL,
JOB_NAME VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
JOB_GROUP VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
DESCRIPTION VARCHAR(250) NULL,
JOB_CLASS_NAME VARCHAR(250) NOT NULL,
IS_DURABLE VARCHAR(1) NOT NULL,
IS_NONCONCURRENT VARCHAR(1) NOT NULL,
IS_UPDATE_DATA VARCHAR(1) NOT NULL,
REQUESTS_RECOVERY VARCHAR(1) NOT NULL,
JOB_DATA BLOB NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,JOB_NAME,JOB_GROUP)
);
CREATE TABLE QRTZ_TRIGGERS
(SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL,
TRIGGER_NAME VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
TRIGGER_GROUP VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
JOB_NAME VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
JOB_GROUP VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
DESCRIPTION VARCHAR(250) NULL,
NEXT_FIRE_TIME BIGINT(13) NULL,
PREV_FIRE_TIME BIGINT(13) NULL,
PRIORITY INTEGER NULL,
TRIGGER_STATE VARCHAR(16) NOT NULL,
TRIGGER_TYPE VARCHAR(8) NOT NULL,
START_TIME BIGINT(13) NOT NULL,
END_TIME BIGINT(13) NULL,
CALENDAR_NAME VARCHAR(200) NULL,
MISFIRE_INSTR SMALLINT(2) NULL,
JOB_DATA BLOB NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP),
FOREIGN KEY (SCHED_NAME,JOB_NAME,JOB_GROUP)
REFERENCES QRTZ_JOB_DETAILS(SCHED_NAME,JOB_NAME,JOB_GROUP)
);
CREATE TABLE QRTZ_SIMPLE_TRIGGERS
(SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL,
TRIGGER_NAME VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
TRIGGER_GROUP VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
REPEAT_COUNT BIGINT(7) NOT NULL,
REPEAT_INTERVAL BIGINT(12) NOT NULL,
TIMES_TRIGGERED BIGINT(10) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP),
FOREIGN KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP)
REFERENCES QRTZ_TRIGGERS(SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP)
);
CREATE TABLE QRTZ_CRON_TRIGGERS
(SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL,
TRIGGER_NAME VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
TRIGGER_GROUP VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
CRON_EXPRESSION VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
TIME_ZONE_ID VARCHAR(80),
PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP),
FOREIGN KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP)
REFERENCES QRTZ_TRIGGERS(SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP)
);
CREATE TABLE QRTZ_SIMPROP_TRIGGERS
(SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL,
TRIGGER_NAME VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
TRIGGER_GROUP VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
STR_PROP_1 VARCHAR(512) NULL,
STR_PROP_2 VARCHAR(512) NULL,
STR_PROP_3 VARCHAR(512) NULL,
INT_PROP_1 INT NULL,
INT_PROP_2 INT NULL,
LONG_PROP_1 BIGINT NULL,
LONG_PROP_2 BIGINT NULL,
DEC_PROP_1 NUMERIC(13,4) NULL,
DEC_PROP_2 NUMERIC(13,4) NULL,
BOOL_PROP_1 VARCHAR(1) NULL,
BOOL_PROP_2 VARCHAR(1) NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP),
FOREIGN KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP)
REFERENCES QRTZ_TRIGGERS(SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP)
);
CREATE TABLE QRTZ_BLOB_TRIGGERS
(SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL,
TRIGGER_NAME VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
TRIGGER_GROUP VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
BLOB_DATA BLOB NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP),
FOREIGN KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP)
REFERENCES QRTZ_TRIGGERS(SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP)
);
CREATE TABLE QRTZ_CALENDARS
(SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL,
CALENDAR_NAME VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
CALENDAR BLOB NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,CALENDAR_NAME)
);
CREATE TABLE QRTZ_PAUSED_TRIGGER_GRPS
(SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL,
TRIGGER_GROUP VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP)
);
CREATE TABLE QRTZ_FIRED_TRIGGERS
(SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL,
ENTRY_ID VARCHAR(95) NOT NULL,
TRIGGER_NAME VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
TRIGGER_GROUP VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
INSTANCE_NAME VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
FIRED_TIME BIGINT(13) NOT NULL,
SCHED_TIME BIGINT(13) NOT NULL,
PRIORITY INTEGER NOT NULL,
STATE VARCHAR(16) NOT NULL,
JOB_NAME VARCHAR(200) NULL,
JOB_GROUP VARCHAR(200) NULL,
IS_NONCONCURRENT VARCHAR(1) NULL,
REQUESTS_RECOVERY VARCHAR(1) NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,ENTRY_ID)
);
CREATE TABLE QRTZ_SCHEDULER_STATE
(SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL,
INSTANCE_NAME VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
LAST_CHECKIN_TIME BIGINT(13) NOT NULL,
CHECKIN_INTERVAL BIGINT(13) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,INSTANCE_NAME)
);
CREATE TABLE QRTZ_LOCKS
(SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL,
LOCK_NAME VARCHAR(40) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,LOCK_NAME)
);
commit;
2. 导入 mysql 数据库的 jdbc 驱动包,mysql-connector-java-5.1.40-bin.jar
更多详情见请继续阅读下一页的精彩内容:http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2016-12/138743p2.htm
3. 配置 Quartz 配置文件 quartz.properities
org.quartz.scheduler.instanceName = MyScheduler
org.quartz.threadPool.threadCount = 3
org.quartz.jobStore.class = org.quartz.impl.jdbcjobstore.JobStoreTX
org.quartz.jobStore.driverDelegateClass = org.quartz.impl.jdbcjobstore.StdJDBCDelegate
org.quartz.jobStore.tablePrefix = QRTZ_
org.quartz.jobStore.dataSource = myDS
org.quartz.dataSource.myDS.driver = com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
org.quartz.dataSource.myDS.URL = jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/quartz?characterEncoding=utf-8
org.quartz.dataSource.myDS.user = root
org.quartz.dataSource.myDS.password = 123456
org.quartz.dataSource.myDS.maxConnections = 5
4. 任务调度的持久性
其实介绍这部分主要是为了后面的 Quartz 集群做铺垫。为了验证任务调度的可持久性,我们从这两方面验证,当我们程序停止运行的时候,查看数据库能查看到任务调度的数据;当重新启动同一调度器的时候,原来的任务能继续执行。SingleQuartzKeepAlive.java 如下,其实和上面的 SingleQuartzServer 基本一样,只是加载了 Quartz 配置文件。
package com.example.singleQuartz;
import org.quartz.*;
import org.quartz.impl.StdSchedulerFactory;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
/**
* Created by XuHui on 2016/12/22.
*/
public class SingleQuartzKeepAlive {public static void main(String[] args) throws SchedulerException {/* 获取 Scheduler 实例 */
StdSchedulerFactory factory = new StdSchedulerFactory();
factory.initialize("quartz.properities");
Scheduler scheduler = factory.getScheduler();
/* 启动调度器 */
scheduler.start();
JobDetail jobDetail = JobBuilder.newJob(SingleQuartzJob.class)
.withIdentity("job", Scheduler.DEFAULT_GROUP)
.build();
Date startTime = DateBuilder.nextGivenSecondDate(null, 30);
SimpleTrigger simpleTrigger = (SimpleTrigger) TriggerBuilder.newTrigger()
.withIdentity("trigger", Scheduler.DEFAULT_GROUP)
.startAt(startTime)
.withSchedule(SimpleScheduleBuilder.simpleSchedule()
.withIntervalInSeconds(10)
.withRepeatCount(10))
.forJob(jobDetail)
.build();
/* 交由调度器调度 Job */
scheduler.scheduleJob(jobDetail, simpleTrigger);
/* 3 分钟任务调度之后关闭调度器 */
try{TimeUnit.MINUTES.sleep(3);
} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();
} finally {scheduler.shutdown();
}
}
}
我们 run->main 发现报错了,报错如下。这个因为我们缺少了 c3p0-0.9.1.2.jar,下载地址为 http://www.mchange.com/projects/c3p0/index.html。将这个包加入 lib 中即可。
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: com/mchange/v2/c3p0/ComboPooledDataSource
at org.quartz.utils.PoolingConnectionProvider.initialize(PoolingConnectionProvider.java:210)
at org.quartz.utils.PoolingConnectionProvider.<init>(PoolingConnectionProvider.java:155)
at org.quartz.impl.StdSchedulerFactory.instantiate(StdSchedulerFactory.java:1014)
at org.quartz.impl.StdSchedulerFactory.getScheduler(StdSchedulerFactory.java:1519)
at com.example.singleQuartz.SingleQuartzKeepAlive.main(SingleQuartzKeepAlive.java:17)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.application.AppMain.main(AppMain.java:144)
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource
at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(Unknown Source)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)
at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)
... 10 more
Process finished with exit code 1
运行结果正常,我们在数据库可以看到 job 和 trigger 表都有了任务调度记录数据。此时我们不妨只启动原来的调度器,看看是否任务调度还能正常进行。通过结果同学们就很清楚了,这次任务调度我们只执行了 4 次,因为在程序中断之前运行了 7 次。
package com.example.singleQuartz;
import org.quartz.Scheduler;
import org.quartz.SchedulerException;
import org.quartz.impl.StdSchedulerFactory;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
/**
* Created by XuHui on 2016/12/23.
*/
public class SingleQuartzOldScheduler {public static void main(String[] args) throws SchedulerException {StdSchedulerFactory factory = new StdSchedulerFactory();
factory.initialize("quartz.properities");
Scheduler scheduler = factory.getScheduler();
scheduler.start();
try{TimeUnit.MINUTES.sleep(1);
} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();
} finally {scheduler.shutdown();
}
}
}
================= 结果 ====================
[main] INFO org.quartz.core.QuartzScheduler - Scheduler MyScheduler_$_NON_CLUSTERED started.
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Fri Dec 23 09:20:16 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Fri Dec 23 09:20:26 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Fri Dec 23 09:20:36 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Fri Dec 23 09:20:46 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job
[main] INFO org.quartz.core.QuartzScheduler - Scheduler MyScheduler_$_NON_CLUSTERED shutting down.
[main] INFO org.quartz.core.QuartzScheduler - Scheduler MyScheduler_$_NON_CLUSTERED paused.
[main] INFO org.quartz.core.QuartzScheduler - Scheduler MyScheduler_$_NON_CLUSTERED shutdown complete.
5. 最终的工程目录结构
(三)Quartz 集群
1. 搭建 web 工程
看完第二部分之后,大部分同学已经明白了,Quartz 集群是怎么回事了。其实就是把调度任务存到数据库中,集群的时候每台服务器调度任务都指向同一数据库,从同一数据库取调度任务,这就是 Quartz 集群了。为在本地验证 quartz 集群,我重新搭建一个工程,里面撘两个 web 模块,目录结构如下。clusterweb_two 和 clusterweb_one 文件和配置一模一样。
2. 配置 Quartz 集群文件 quartz.properities
多台服务器上的这个配置文件除了 instanceId 不同,这里可以设置成 AUTO 根据机器自动生成,其他基本都相同,必须限定的是数据库信息必须相同。
org.quartz.scheduler.instanceName = ClusterScheduler
org.quartz.threadPool.threadCount = 3
org.quartz.jobStore.class = org.quartz.impl.jdbcjobstore.JobStoreTX
org.quartz.jobStore.driverDelegateClass = org.quartz.impl.jdbcjobstore.StdJDBCDelegate
org.quartz.jobStore.tablePrefix = QRTZ_
org.quartz.jobStore.dataSource = myDS
# Cluster
org.quartz.jobStore.isClustered = true
org.quartz.scheduler.instanceId = AUTO
org.quartz.dataSource.myDS.driver = com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
org.quartz.dataSource.myDS.URL = jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/quartz?characterEncoding=utf-8
org.quartz.dataSource.myDS.user = root
org.quartz.dataSource.myDS.password = 123456
org.quartz.dataSource.myDS.maxConnections = 5
3. 配置 web 监听器
我们把调度器放到 web 监听器中运行,当 web 启动时会运行这个监听器,同时会启动调度器,监听器 QuartzApplicationListener.java 如下所示。
package com.example.web;
import org.quartz.*;
import org.quartz.impl.StdSchedulerFactory;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextEvent;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextListener;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
/**
* Created by XuHui on 2016/12/23.
*/
public class QuartzApplicationListener implements ServletContextListener {private Scheduler scheduler = null;
@Override
public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent servletContextEvent) {StdSchedulerFactory factory = new StdSchedulerFactory();
try {factory.initialize("quartz.properities");
scheduler = factory.getScheduler();
/* 启动调度器 */
scheduler.start();} catch (SchedulerException e) {e.printStackTrace();
}
JobDetail jobDetail = JobBuilder.newJob(HelloJob.class)
.withIdentity("job", Scheduler.DEFAULT_GROUP)
.build();
Date startTime = DateBuilder.nextGivenSecondDate(null, 30);
SimpleTrigger simpleTrigger = TriggerBuilder.newTrigger()
.withIdentity("trigger", Scheduler.DEFAULT_GROUP)
.startAt(startTime)
.withSchedule(SimpleScheduleBuilder.simpleSchedule()
.withIntervalInSeconds(10)
.withRepeatCount(10))
.forJob(jobDetail)
.build();
try{/* 交由调度器调度 Job */
scheduler.scheduleJob(jobDetail, simpleTrigger);
} catch (SchedulerException e) {e.printStackTrace();
}
/* 3 分钟任务调度之后关闭调度器 */
try{TimeUnit.MINUTES.sleep(3);
}catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent servletContextEvent) {try{scheduler.shutdown();
} catch (SchedulerException e) {e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
4.web 配置文件 web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
version="3.1">
<listener>
<listener-class>
com.example.web.QuartzApplicationListener
</listener-class>
</listener>
</web-app>
5. 运行两个 tomcat 模拟集群
在 idea 中配置两个 tomcat,并且让两个 tomcat 同时运行有点小麻烦,主要注意一点每个 tomcat 配置的 Http Port 和 JMX Port 要不同。
tomcat1 : Http Port : 8081 JMX Port : 1099
tomcat2 : Http Port : 8082 JMX Port : 1100
tomcat1 和 tomcat2 运行成功之后,此时两个服务都已启动,此时只有 tomcat1 开始任务调度,tomcat2 未进行任务调度。首先把 tomcat1 服务停掉,此时会出现 tomcat2 任务调度开始,这里跟做服务高可靠性很像。运行结果:
==============tomcat1=====================
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Fri Dec 23 11:27:00 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job on webone
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Fri Dec 23 11:27:10 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job on webone
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Fri Dec 23 11:27:20 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job on webone
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Fri Dec 23 11:27:30 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job on webone
D:\work\tomcat\apache-tomcat-8.0.23-windows-x64\apache-tomcat-8.0.23\bin\catalina.bat stop
Disconnected from server
==============tomcat2=====================
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Fri Dec 23 11:27:56 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job on webtwo
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Fri Dec 23 11:27:56 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job on webtwo
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Fri Dec 23 11:28:00 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job on webtwo
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Fri Dec 23 11:28:10 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job on webtwo
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Fri Dec 23 11:28:20 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job on webtwo
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Fri Dec 23 11:28:30 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job on webtwo
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Fri Dec 23 11:28:40 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job on webtwo
[2016-12-23 11:29:48,369] Artifact clusterweb_two:war exploded: Artifact is deployed successfully
写在最后:Quartz 基础部分总结起来可能不多,实际应用主要是 Job 中 execute 方法的实现。看完上面的介绍之后我们发现,Quartz 使用起来非常方便,Quartz 提供了很多日期和日历类。写过定时备份、定时查询统计方法的同学,知道这里写起来很麻烦。Quqatz 大大缩减了程序的代码量。之前和一位同事讨论了什么时候用 Quartz,很多时候我们都会自己写任务调度。一般都是这样实现的:我们会启线程相当于定时器,定时去查询符合条件的 Job,如果查询到多 Job 同时调度,我们会启一个线程池多线程并发运行。这样看上去 Quartz 都具备了,使用 Quartz 之后代码非常简洁、可复用性高并且任务调度的可持久性,只需要配置 Quartz 配置文件就可以将调度任务存到数据库中,正是因为这点所以 Quartz 可以集群,对于任务数很多的集群环境下,这就是无与伦比的优点了。如果在搭建环境或者发现文章中有不对或不足的地方,可以在下方留言,大家共同学习。
本文永久更新链接地址:http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2016-12/138743.htm
(一)Quartz 单机
1.Quartz 简介
Quartz 是一个完全由 java 编写的开源作业调度框架,能实现业务的定时调度。Quartz 主要有三个核心调度器、任务和触发器:
①任务 -JobDetail:Quartz 在任务调度的时候,需要创建一个任务实例,JobDetail 正是承担这个角色。在 Quartz2.0 以前的版本中,创建一个任务通过 new JobDetail(String jobName, String gruop, Class jobCLass)这个方法来创建,在 2.0 之后的版本中通过 JobBuilder 来创建任务。Job 接口中只有一个方法 void execute(JobExecutionContext context) throws JobExecutionException,因此在任务调度时,只需要实现 execute 方法就可以了,使用起来很方便。
②触发器 -Trigger:定义 Job 的执行时间、次数等信息,有 SimpleTrigger 和 CronTrigger 两种类型。当你需要的是一次性的调度,或者你需要在指定的时间激活某个任务并执行 N 次,设置每次任务执行的间隔时间 T。那此时使用 SimpleTrigger 将是非常方便的。如果你想在每周的周一 7:00 或者每月的第 2,3 天实现任务调度,这时候就需要用到 CronTrigger,CronTrigger 能够提供复杂的触发器表达式满足我们的需求。同时需要提到的一点是 Quartz 还提供很多日期的实现类 DateBuilder 等,在实际使用中很方便。
③调度器 -Scheduler:Quartz 框架的核心是调度器。调度器负责管理 Quartz 应用运行时环境。调度器不是靠自己做所有的工作,而是依赖框架内一些非常重要的部件。Quartz 不仅仅是线程和线程管理。为确保可伸缩性,Quartz 采用了基于多线程的架构。启动时,框架初始化一套 worker 线程,这套线程被调度器用来执行预定的作业。这就是 Quartz 怎样能并发运行多个作业的原理。Quartz 依赖一套松耦合的线程池管理部件来管理线程环境。
Spring3.2.11 与 Quartz2.2.1 整合时内存泄漏问题解决 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2015-06/119042.htm
Spring 配置 Quartz 任务调度框架教程 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2014-11/108907.htm
Quartz 深入浅出 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2014-09/107007.htm
Quartz1.6 有状态 JOB 碰到的棘手问题既解决方案 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2014-09/107005.htm
Spring 3 整合 Quartz 2 实现定时任务 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2014-09/107006.htm
Java 项目中定时任务之 Quartz 的应用 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-12/94443.htm
Spring 3 调度器示例 —— JDK 定时器和 Quartz 展示 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-10/91946.htm
Quartz 框架 实现任务调度 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2016-11/136778.htm
Spring Quartz 定时任务 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2016-11/137525.htm
2. 搭建 Quartz 工程
①创建一个新工程
新建文件 lib 作为外部 jar 包,Quartz 最新版本通过官网可以下载 http://www.quartz-scheduler.org/downloads/。 导入你下载的 quartz 包,新建 package 为 com.example.singleQuartz, 里面就两个简单的类 SingleQuartzJob 和 SingleQuartzServer。SingleQuartzJob 定义 Job 的实现类,SingleQuartzServer 任务调度服务。
②SingleQuartzJob.java 定义 Job 的实现类
package com.example.singleQuartz;
import org.quartz.Job;
import org.quartz.JobExecutionContext;
import org.quartz.JobExecutionException;
import java.util.Date;
/**
* Created by XuHui on 2016/12/22.
*/
public class SingleQuartzJob implements Job {
@Override
public void execute(JobExecutionContext context) throws JobExecutionException {System.out.print("Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at"+
new Date() + "by" + context.getTrigger().getJobKey() + "\n");
}
}
③SingleQuartzServer.java 实现任务调度
package com.example.singleQuartz;
import org.quartz.*;
import org.quartz.impl.StdSchedulerFactory;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
/**
* Created by XuHui on 2016/12/22.
*/
public class SingleQuartzServer {public static void main(String[] args) throws SchedulerException {/* 获取 Scheduler 实例 */
SchedulerFactory factory = new StdSchedulerFactory();
Scheduler scheduler = factory.getScheduler();
/* 启动调度器 */
scheduler.start();
/* 任务:withIdentity(String name, String group),其中 groupName 可以自己定义,也可以用 Scheduler 提供的 DEFAULT_GROUP。这里要求同组里面的 jobName 不能相同*/
JobDetail jobDetail = JobBuilder.newJob(SingleQuartzJob.class)
.withIdentity("job", Scheduler.DEFAULT_GROUP)
.build();
/*触发器:SimpleTrigger 和 CronTrigger。实现的功能是:接下来 30s 后执行 job,以后每个 10s 执行一次,重复 10 次,一共执行 11 次。nextGivenSecondDate(null, 30)距离现在时间 30s 之后执行 job,此处 null 可写作 new Date(), 可自行在 api 查看源码实现 */
Date startTime = DateBuilder.nextGivenSecondDate(null, 30);
SimpleTrigger simpleTrigger = TriggerBuilder.newTrigger()
.withIdentity("trigger", Scheduler.DEFAULT_GROUP)
.startAt(startTime)
.withSchedule(SimpleScheduleBuilder.simpleSchedule()
.withIntervalInSeconds(10)
.withRepeatCount(10))
.forJob(jobDetail)
.build();
/* 交由调度器调度 Job */
scheduler.scheduleJob(jobDetail, simpleTrigger);
/* 3 分钟任务调度之后关闭调度器 */
try{TimeUnit.MINUTES.sleep(3);
} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();
} finally {scheduler.shutdown();
}
}
}
④执行任务调度
执行 run->main 但是发现报错了。此时是少了两个个日志包,slf4j-api-1.7.22.jar 和 slf4j-simple-1.7.22.jar,我们只要添加 slf4j 包就可以了。
通过官网可以下载http://www.slf4j.org/download.html,找到这两个包放到 lib 下就可以了。
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/slf4j/LoggerFactory
at org.quartz.impl.StdSchedulerFactory.<init>(StdSchedulerFactory.java:303)
at com.example.singleQuartz.SingleQuartzServer.main(SingleQuartzServer.java:15)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.application.AppMain.main(AppMain.java:144)
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.slf4j.LoggerFactory
at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(Unknown Source)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)
at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)
... 7 more
解决完上面日志包的问题,我们运行上面程序可以看到正常的调度结果如下。
[main] INFO org.quartz.core.QuartzScheduler - Scheduler DefaultQuartzScheduler_$_NON_CLUSTERED started.
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Thu Dec 22 19:40:30 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Thu Dec 22 19:40:40 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Thu Dec 22 19:40:50 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Thu Dec 22 19:41:00 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Thu Dec 22 19:41:10 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Thu Dec 22 19:41:20 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Thu Dec 22 19:41:30 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Thu Dec 22 19:41:40 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Thu Dec 22 19:41:50 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Thu Dec 22 19:42:00 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Thu Dec 22 19:42:10 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job
[main] INFO org.quartz.core.QuartzScheduler - Scheduler DefaultQuartzScheduler_$_NON_CLUSTERED shutting down.
[main] INFO org.quartz.core.QuartzScheduler - Scheduler DefaultQuartzScheduler_$_NON_CLUSTERED paused.
[main] INFO org.quartz.core.QuartzScheduler - Scheduler DefaultQuartzScheduler_$_NON_CLUSTERED shutdown complete.
⑤任务调度的多线程
Scheduler 是存在多对多的关系,由于线程池的存在,调度器实现多线程并发执行任务调度,直接看下面 demo 就能明白。
package com.example.singleQuartz;
import org.quartz.*;
import org.quartz.impl.StdSchedulerFactory;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
/**
* Created by XuHui on 2016/12/22.
*/
public class SingleQuartzThreadPoolServer {public static void main(String[] args) throws SchedulerException {/* 获取 Scheduler 实例 */
SchedulerFactory factory = new StdSchedulerFactory();
Scheduler scheduler = factory.getScheduler();
/* 启动调度器 */
scheduler.start();
/******************************************************* Job-1 ****************************************************************/
/* 任务:withIdentity(String name, String group),其中 groupName 可以自己定义,也可以用 Scheduler 提供的 DEFAULT_GROUP。这里要求同组里面的 jobName 不能相同*/
JobDetail jobDetail = JobBuilder.newJob(SingleQuartzJob.class)
.withIdentity("job1", Scheduler.DEFAULT_GROUP)
.build();
/*触发器:SimpleTrigger 和 CronTrigger。实现的功能是:接下来 30s 后执行 job,以后每个 10s 执行一次,重复 10 次,一共执行 11 次。nextGivenSecondDate(null, 30)距离现在时间 30s 之后执行 job,此处 null 可写作 new Date(), 可自行在 api 查看源码实现 */
Date startTime = DateBuilder.nextGivenSecondDate(null, 30);
SimpleTrigger simpleTrigger = TriggerBuilder.newTrigger()
.withIdentity("trigger1", Scheduler.DEFAULT_GROUP)
.startAt(startTime)
.withSchedule(SimpleScheduleBuilder.simpleSchedule()
.withIntervalInSeconds(10)
.withRepeatCount(2))
.forJob(jobDetail)
.build();
/* 交由调度器调度 Job */
scheduler.scheduleJob(jobDetail, simpleTrigger);
/******************************************************* Job-2 ****************************************************************/
jobDetail = JobBuilder.newJob(SingleQuartzJob.class)
.withIdentity("job2", Scheduler.DEFAULT_GROUP)
.build();
simpleTrigger = TriggerBuilder.newTrigger()
.withIdentity("trigger2", Scheduler.DEFAULT_GROUP)
.startAt(startTime)
.withSchedule(SimpleScheduleBuilder.simpleSchedule()
.withIntervalInSeconds(10)
.withRepeatCount(2))
.forJob(jobDetail)
.build();
scheduler.scheduleJob(jobDetail, simpleTrigger);
/******************************************************* Job-3 ****************************************************************/
jobDetail = JobBuilder.newJob(SingleQuartzJob.class)
.withIdentity("job3", Scheduler.DEFAULT_GROUP)
.build();
simpleTrigger = TriggerBuilder.newTrigger()
.withIdentity("trigger3", Scheduler.DEFAULT_GROUP)
.startAt(startTime)
.withSchedule(SimpleScheduleBuilder.simpleSchedule()
.withIntervalInSeconds(10)
.withRepeatCount(2))
.forJob(jobDetail)
.build();
scheduler.scheduleJob(jobDetail, simpleTrigger);
/* 2 分钟任务调度之后关闭调度器 */
try{TimeUnit.MINUTES.sleep(2);
} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();
} finally {scheduler.shutdown();
}
}
}
执行结果如下:
[main] INFO org.quartz.core.QuartzScheduler - Scheduler DefaultQuartzScheduler_$_NON_CLUSTERED started.
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Thu Dec 22 19:52:30 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job1
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Thu Dec 22 19:52:30 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job2
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Thu Dec 22 19:52:30 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job3
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Thu Dec 22 19:52:40 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job3
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Thu Dec 22 19:52:40 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job1
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Thu Dec 22 19:52:40 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job2
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Thu Dec 22 19:52:50 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job1
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Thu Dec 22 19:52:50 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job3
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Thu Dec 22 19:52:50 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job2
[main] INFO org.quartz.core.QuartzScheduler - Scheduler DefaultQuartzScheduler_$_NON_CLUSTERED shutting down.
[main] INFO org.quartz.core.QuartzScheduler - Scheduler DefaultQuartzScheduler_$_NON_CLUSTERED paused.
[main] INFO org.quartz.core.QuartzScheduler - Scheduler DefaultQuartzScheduler_$_NON_CLUSTERED shutdown complete.
(二)任务调度持久到数据库
1. 建立数据库和建表
上面的例子的任务是存在内存中的,如果程序关闭任务就会消失,为了保持任务的可持久性,需要将任务调度存到数据库中。在你下载的 quartz 包下找到 quartz-2.2.1\docs\dbTables\,找到你对应的数据库建表语言,这里我用的是 mysql 数据库 tables_mysql.sql。在你本地或者服务器数据库新建一个数据库 quartz(你可以不建,主要为了和其他数据库区分)。将以下的建表语言导入该数据库。
#
# Quartz seems to work best with the driver mm.mysql-2.0.7-bin.jar
#
# PLEASE consider using mysql with innodb tables to avoid locking issues
#
# In your Quartz properties file, you'll need to set
# org.quartz.jobStore.driverDelegateClass = org.quartz.impl.jdbcjobstore.StdJDBCDelegate
#
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_FIRED_TRIGGERS;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_PAUSED_TRIGGER_GRPS;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_SCHEDULER_STATE;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_LOCKS;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_SIMPLE_TRIGGERS;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_SIMPROP_TRIGGERS;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_CRON_TRIGGERS;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_BLOB_TRIGGERS;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_TRIGGERS;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_JOB_DETAILS;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_CALENDARS;
CREATE TABLE QRTZ_JOB_DETAILS
(SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL,
JOB_NAME VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
JOB_GROUP VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
DESCRIPTION VARCHAR(250) NULL,
JOB_CLASS_NAME VARCHAR(250) NOT NULL,
IS_DURABLE VARCHAR(1) NOT NULL,
IS_NONCONCURRENT VARCHAR(1) NOT NULL,
IS_UPDATE_DATA VARCHAR(1) NOT NULL,
REQUESTS_RECOVERY VARCHAR(1) NOT NULL,
JOB_DATA BLOB NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,JOB_NAME,JOB_GROUP)
);
CREATE TABLE QRTZ_TRIGGERS
(SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL,
TRIGGER_NAME VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
TRIGGER_GROUP VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
JOB_NAME VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
JOB_GROUP VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
DESCRIPTION VARCHAR(250) NULL,
NEXT_FIRE_TIME BIGINT(13) NULL,
PREV_FIRE_TIME BIGINT(13) NULL,
PRIORITY INTEGER NULL,
TRIGGER_STATE VARCHAR(16) NOT NULL,
TRIGGER_TYPE VARCHAR(8) NOT NULL,
START_TIME BIGINT(13) NOT NULL,
END_TIME BIGINT(13) NULL,
CALENDAR_NAME VARCHAR(200) NULL,
MISFIRE_INSTR SMALLINT(2) NULL,
JOB_DATA BLOB NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP),
FOREIGN KEY (SCHED_NAME,JOB_NAME,JOB_GROUP)
REFERENCES QRTZ_JOB_DETAILS(SCHED_NAME,JOB_NAME,JOB_GROUP)
);
CREATE TABLE QRTZ_SIMPLE_TRIGGERS
(SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL,
TRIGGER_NAME VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
TRIGGER_GROUP VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
REPEAT_COUNT BIGINT(7) NOT NULL,
REPEAT_INTERVAL BIGINT(12) NOT NULL,
TIMES_TRIGGERED BIGINT(10) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP),
FOREIGN KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP)
REFERENCES QRTZ_TRIGGERS(SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP)
);
CREATE TABLE QRTZ_CRON_TRIGGERS
(SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL,
TRIGGER_NAME VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
TRIGGER_GROUP VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
CRON_EXPRESSION VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
TIME_ZONE_ID VARCHAR(80),
PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP),
FOREIGN KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP)
REFERENCES QRTZ_TRIGGERS(SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP)
);
CREATE TABLE QRTZ_SIMPROP_TRIGGERS
(SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL,
TRIGGER_NAME VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
TRIGGER_GROUP VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
STR_PROP_1 VARCHAR(512) NULL,
STR_PROP_2 VARCHAR(512) NULL,
STR_PROP_3 VARCHAR(512) NULL,
INT_PROP_1 INT NULL,
INT_PROP_2 INT NULL,
LONG_PROP_1 BIGINT NULL,
LONG_PROP_2 BIGINT NULL,
DEC_PROP_1 NUMERIC(13,4) NULL,
DEC_PROP_2 NUMERIC(13,4) NULL,
BOOL_PROP_1 VARCHAR(1) NULL,
BOOL_PROP_2 VARCHAR(1) NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP),
FOREIGN KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP)
REFERENCES QRTZ_TRIGGERS(SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP)
);
CREATE TABLE QRTZ_BLOB_TRIGGERS
(SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL,
TRIGGER_NAME VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
TRIGGER_GROUP VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
BLOB_DATA BLOB NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP),
FOREIGN KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP)
REFERENCES QRTZ_TRIGGERS(SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP)
);
CREATE TABLE QRTZ_CALENDARS
(SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL,
CALENDAR_NAME VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
CALENDAR BLOB NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,CALENDAR_NAME)
);
CREATE TABLE QRTZ_PAUSED_TRIGGER_GRPS
(SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL,
TRIGGER_GROUP VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP)
);
CREATE TABLE QRTZ_FIRED_TRIGGERS
(SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL,
ENTRY_ID VARCHAR(95) NOT NULL,
TRIGGER_NAME VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
TRIGGER_GROUP VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
INSTANCE_NAME VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
FIRED_TIME BIGINT(13) NOT NULL,
SCHED_TIME BIGINT(13) NOT NULL,
PRIORITY INTEGER NOT NULL,
STATE VARCHAR(16) NOT NULL,
JOB_NAME VARCHAR(200) NULL,
JOB_GROUP VARCHAR(200) NULL,
IS_NONCONCURRENT VARCHAR(1) NULL,
REQUESTS_RECOVERY VARCHAR(1) NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,ENTRY_ID)
);
CREATE TABLE QRTZ_SCHEDULER_STATE
(SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL,
INSTANCE_NAME VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
LAST_CHECKIN_TIME BIGINT(13) NOT NULL,
CHECKIN_INTERVAL BIGINT(13) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,INSTANCE_NAME)
);
CREATE TABLE QRTZ_LOCKS
(SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL,
LOCK_NAME VARCHAR(40) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,LOCK_NAME)
);
commit;
2. 导入 mysql 数据库的 jdbc 驱动包,mysql-connector-java-5.1.40-bin.jar
更多详情见请继续阅读下一页的精彩内容:http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2016-12/138743p2.htm