共计 7544 个字符，预计需要花费 19 分钟才能阅读完成。
deallocate unused : 仅适用于释放 HWM 高水位以上的空间，而无法释放高水位以下的空间；比如对表预分配的空间
使用说明和方法，官方文档有说明，如下：
Use the deallocate_unused_clause to explicitly deallocate unused space at the end of
a database object segment and make the space available for other segments in the
tablespace.
You can deallocate unused space using the following statements:
■ ALTER CLUSTER (see ALTER CLUSTER on page 10-5)
■ ALTER INDEX: to deallocate unused space from the index, an index partition, or an
index subpartition (see ALTER INDEX on page 10-78)
■ ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW: to deallocate unused space from the overflow segment
of an index-organized materialized view (see ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW on
page 11-3)
■ ALTER TABLE: to deallocate unused space from the table, a table partition, a table
subpartition, the mapping table of an index-organized table, the overflow segment
of an index-organized table, or a LOB storage segment (see ALTER TABLE on
page 12-2)
一、测试环境：
Oracle11.2.0.4
使用 admin 用户在 test 表空间新建一张测试分区表，并提前对子分区预分配一些空间，然后插入少量的数据，最后使用：alter table …..deallocate unused; 来释放未使用的空间
二、开始测试
①：查看测试环境表空间使用情况：
SQL> set linesize 2500
SQL> set pagesize 300
SQL> select a.tablespace_name “ 表空间名称 ”,100 – round((nvl(b.bytes_free, 0) / a.bytes_alloc) * 100, 2) “ 占用率 (%)”,round(a.bytes_alloc / 1024 / 1024, 2) “ 容量 (M)”,round(nvl(b.bytes_free, 0) / 1024 / 1024, 2) “ 空闲 (M)”,round((a.bytes_alloc – nvl(b.bytes_free, 0)) / 1024 / 1024, 2) “ 使用 (M)”,to_char(sysdate, ‘yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss’) “ 采样时间 ” from (select f.tablespace_name,sum(f.bytes) bytes_alloc,sum(decode(f.autoextensible, ‘YES’, f.maxbytes, ‘NO’, f.bytes)) maxbytes from dba_data_files f group by tablespace_name) a,(select f.tablespace_name, sum(f.bytes) bytes_free from dba_free_space f group by tablespace_name) b where a.tablespace_name = b.tablespace_name order by 2 desc;
??????????????? ?????????(%) ??????(M) ??????(M) ??????(M) ????????????
—————————— ———— ———- ———- ———- ——————-
SYSAUX 94.41 510 28.5 481.5 2017-08-07 17:01:20
SYSTEM 93.24 800 54.06 745.94 2017-08-07 17:01:20
USERS 26.25 5 3.69 1.31 2017-08-07 17:01:20
UNDOTBS1 17.97 470 385.56 84.44 2017-08-07 17:01:20
TEST .05 20480 20470 10 2017-08-07 17:01:20
SQL> show user
USER is “ADMIN” —- 测试用的用户
②：创建测试分区表：test_emp
SQL> create table test_emp (TMP_UPSTATE_CASEKEY char(14),TMP_NUM_STATUS_ID number(38),updated_date date)
2 partition by range(TMP_NUM_STATUS_ID)
3 (partition pt_1 values less than(1000000) ) nologging;
Table created.
③：给 pt_1 分区表预分配 10G 的空间：
SQL> alter table test_EMP modify PARTITION pt_1 ALLOCATE EXTENT (size 10240m);
Table altered.
④：收集该分区表的统计信息，并查看该表的 block 块占用情况
SQL> exec dbms_stats.gather_table_stats(ownname =>’ADMIN’,tabname =>’TEST_EMP’,cascade=>TRUE);
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL> select B.SEGMENT_NAME, B.blocks,B.blocks * 8096 / 1024 / 1024, A.BLOCKS,A.blocks * 8096 / 1024 / 1024, A.EMPTY_BLOCKS from user_tables a, USER_SEGMENTS B WHERE TABLE_NAME = ‘TEST_EMP’ AND A.TABLE_NAME = B.SEGMENT_NAME;
SEGMENT_NAME BLOCKS B.BLOCKS*8096/1024/1024 BLOCKS A.BLOCKS*8096/1024/1024 EMPTY_BLOCKS
——————————————————————————— ———- ———————– ———- ———————– ————
TEST_EMP 1315840 10159.5313 0 0 0
SQL> SELECT segment_name, SUM(bytes) / 1024 / 1024 Mbytes FROM dba_segments WHERE PARTITION_NAME = ‘PT_1’ GROUP BY segment_name;
SEGMENT_NAME MBYTES
——————————————————————————— ———-
TEST_EMP 10288
BIN$VibHVCPfDL/gU8gCqMDDfw==$0 8
— 从上面可以看出，test_emp 分区表的大小是 10G，而占用的 blocks 有 1315840 个；
⑤：向分区表插入一些数据，并查看该表的大小
SQL> create or replace procedure proc_casekey_upstate
2 as
3 casekey char(14);
4 begin
5 for i in 1..10000 loop
6 casekey := ‘TMP’||lpad(i,7,0);
7 insert into test_emp values(casekey, 1, sysdate);
8 end loop;
9 commit;
10 end;
11 /
Procedure created.
SQL> exec proc_casekey_upstate; — 执行存储过程插入数据
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL> exec dbms_stats.gather_table_stats(ownname =>’ADMIN’,tabname =>’TEST_EMP’,cascade=>TRUE); — 收集该表的统计信息
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL> select B.SEGMENT_NAME, B.blocks,B.blocks * 8096 / 1024 / 1024, A.BLOCKS,A.blocks * 8096 / 1024 / 1024, A.EMPTY_BLOCKS from user_tables a, USER_SEGMENTS B WHERE TABLE_NAME = ‘TEST_EMP’ AND A.TABLE_NAME = B.SEGMENT_NAME;
SEGMENT_NAME BLOCKS B.BLOCKS*8096/1024/1024 BLOCKS A.BLOCKS*8096/1024/1024 EMPTY_BLOCKS
——————————————————————————— ———- ———————– ———- ———————– ————
TEST_EMP 1315840 10159.5313 46 .355163574 0
SQL> SELECT segment_name, SUM(bytes) / 1024 / 1024 Mbytes FROM dba_segments WHERE PARTITION_NAME = ‘PT_1’ GROUP BY segment_name;
SEGMENT_NAME MBYTES
——————————————————————————— ———-
TEST_EMP 10288
BIN$VibHVCPfDL/gU8gCqMDDfw==$0 8
– 注意：从上面可以看出，该表的大小是 10G，但是该表占用 blocks 只有 46 个，显然 有很多空间没有被使用，
⑥：释放未被使用的空间（我对该操作过了 10046 事件，在实际操作中只需执行：alter table test_emp modify partition pt_1 deallocate unused;）
SQL> alter session set tracefile_identifier=’10046′;
SQL> alter session set events ‘10046 trace name context forever,level 12’; — 开启 10046 事件
Session altered.
SQL>
SQL> alter table test_emp modify partition pt_1 deallocate unused; — 执行该命令释放子分区未被使用的空间；
Table altered.
SQL> alter session set events ‘10046 trace name context off’; — 关闭 10046 事件
Session altered.
SQL> select value from v$diag_info where name=’Default Trace File’;
VALUE
——————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————–
/opt/oracle/diag/rdbms/dbs/dbs/trace/dbs_ora_3263_10046.trc
⑦：验证空间是否被释放：
SQL> select B.SEGMENT_NAME, B.blocks,B.blocks * 8096 / 1024 / 1024, A.BLOCKS,A.blocks * 8096 / 1024 / 1024, A.EMPTY_BLOCKS from user_tables a, USER_SEGMENTS B WHERE TABLE_NAME = ‘TEST_EMP’ AND A.TABLE_NAME = B.SEGMENT_NAME;
SEGMENT_NAME BLOCKS B.BLOCKS*8096/1024/1024 BLOCKS A.BLOCKS*8096/1024/1024 EMPTY_BLOCKS
——————————————————————————— ———- ———————– ———- ———————– ————
TEST_EMP 1024 7.90625 46 .355163574 0
SQL> SELECT segment_name, SUM(bytes) / 1024 / 1024 Mbytes FROM dba_segments WHERE PARTITION_NAME = ‘PT_1’ GROUP BY segment_name;
SEGMENT_NAME MBYTES
——————————————————————————— ———-
TEST_EMP 16
BIN$VibHVCPfDL/gU8gCqMDDfw==$0 8
—————————— ———— ———- ———- ———- ——————-
SYSAUX 94.44 510 28.38 481.63 2017-08-07 17:19:30
SYSTEM 93.24 800 54.06 745.94 2017-08-07 17:19:30
USERS 26.25 5 3.69 1.31 2017-08-07 17:19:30
UNDOTBS1 5.73 470 443.06 26.94 2017-08-07 17:19:30
TEST .05 20480 20470 10 2017-08-07 17:19:30
从上面可以看出，该表的大小变成了 16M，而 blocks 也有 1024 个；表未被使用的空间已经释放，而且表空间可用大小也已经变大：
