MySQL 5.6不停机主从搭建（一主一从基于GTID复制）

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环境说明：
版本 version 5.6.25-log
主库 ip: 10.219.24.25
从库 ip：10.219.24.22
os 版本：CentOS 6.7
已安装热备软件：xtrabackup
防火墙已关

补充：

主从复制原理：http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-06/144815.htm
MySQL 5.6 安装：http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-06/144816.htm
xtrabackup 安装：http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-06/144817.htm

一主一从搭建流程：

1、主库参数调整
— 停止主库 mysql
[root@mysql02 ~]# service mysql stop
[root@mysql02 ~]# netstat -nltp|grep mysql|grep 3606
— 调整 my.cnf 参数
[root@mysql02 ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf
[client]
password = Oracle
port = 3306
socket = /data/mysql/mysql.sock
[mysqld]

port = 3306
socket = /data/mysql/mysql.sock
character_set_server = utf8
character_set_client = utf8
collation-server=utf8_general_ci
lower_case_table_names = 1
max_connections = 1000
datadir = /data/mysql

#GTID:
server-id=25
gtid_mode=on #开启 gtid 模式
enforce_gtid_consistency=on #强制 gtid 一致性，开启后对于特定 create table 不被支持

#binlog
log_bin = /data/mysql/binarylog/binlog
log_bin_index = /data/mysql/binarylog/binlog
binlog_format = mixed
log-slave-updates=1

#relay log
skip_slave_start=1
[mysql]
default-character-set = utf8
说明：主库必须配置的参数
server-id（主从的 server-id 必须不同）、log_bin、log-slave-updates、gtid_mode、enforce_gtid_consistency

— 启动主库
[root@mysql02 ~]# mysqld_safe –defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf &

2、从库参数调整
— 停止从库 mysql
[root@mysql01 ~]# service mysql stop
[root@mysql01 ~]# netstat -nltp|grep mysql|grep 3606
— 调整 my.cnf 参数
[root@mysql01 ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf
[client]
password = oracle
port = 3306
socket = /data/mysql/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
port = 3306
socket = /data/mysql/mysql.sock
character_set_server = utf8
character_set_client = utf8
collation-server=utf8_general_ci
lower_case_table_names = 1
max_connections = 1000
datadir = /data/mysql
read-only = 1

#GTID:
server-id=22
gtid_mode=on
enforce_gtid_consistency=on

#binlog
log_bin = /data/mysql/binarylog/binlog
log_bin_index = /data/mysql/binarylog/binlog
log-slave-updates=1

#relay log
relay-log = /data/mysql/relaylog/relay
relay-log-index = /data/mysql/relaylog/relay
relay_log_purge = on
skip_slave_start=1
[mysql]
default-character-set = utf8
说明：从库必须配置的参数
server-id、log_bin、relay-log、read-only、log-slave-updates

3、主库备份
— 主库备份目录
[root@mysql02 full]# pwd
/xtrabackup/full
— 主库 innobackupex 备份
[root@mysql02 ~]# innobackupex –user=root –password=oracle –port=3606 /xtrabackup/full/
170610 17:50:23 Backup created in directory ‘/xtrabackup/full/2017-06-10_17-50-19/’
MySQL binlog position: filename ‘binlog.000010’, position ‘120’
….
170610 17:50:23 completed OK!

4、从库创建与主库相同的备份目录
[root@mysql01 ~]# mkdir -p /xtrabackup/full
[root@mysql01 ~]# chown -R mysql:mysql /xtrabackup/full/

5、主库将备份 scp 到从库
[root@mysql02 full]# pwd
/xtrabackup/full
[root@mysql02 full]# scp -r 2017-06-10_17-50-19 10.219.24.22:/xtrabackup/full
6、从库查看 scp 过来的备份
[root@mysql01 ~]# cd /xtrabackup/full/2017-06-10_17-50-19/
[root@mysql01 2017-06-10_17-50-19]# ll
total 12320
-rw-r—–. 1 root root 419 Jun 10 18:01 backup-my.cnf
-rw-r—–. 1 root root 12582912 Jun 10 18:01 ibdata1
drwxr-x—. 2 root root 4096 Jun 10 18:01 mysql
drwxr-x—. 2 root root 4096 Jun 10 18:01 performance_schema
drwxr-x—. 2 root root 4096 Jun 10 18:01 test
-rw-r—–. 1 root root 18 Jun 10 18:01 xtrabackup_binlog_info
-rw-r—–. 1 root root 113 Jun 10 18:01 xtrabackup_checkpoints
-rw-r—–. 1 root root 482 Jun 10 18:01 xtrabackup_info
-rw-r—–. 1 root root 2560 Jun 10 18:01 xtrabackup_logfile

7、主库创建同步用户
mysql> GRANT replication slave ON *.* TO ‘slave25’@’%’ IDENTIFIED BY ‘oracle’;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)

8、从库恢复主库数据
— 从库将原有 datadir 文件夹重命名到新位置，并创建原文件夹
[root@mysql01 ~]# mv /data/mysql /data/mysqlbak
[root@mysql01 ~]# mkdir -p /data/mysql
— innobackupex apply-log
[root@mysql01 ~]# innobackupex –apply-log –user=oracle \
–password=oracle –port=3606 /xtrabackup/full/2017-06-10_17-50-19/
— innobackupex copy 恢复的文件到原来的数据位置
[root@mysql01 mysql]# innobackupex –defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf –user=root \
–copy-back /xtrabackup/full/2017-06-10_17-50-19/

170610 18:25:11 completed OK!
— 创建 binlog 目录与 relaylog 目录并赋权
[root@mysql01 ~]# mkdir -p /data/mysql/binarylog
[root@mysql01 ~]# mkdir -p /data/mysql/relaylog/
[root@mysql01 mysql]# chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql

9、从库配置与检测
— 从库启动
[root@mysql01 mysql]# mysqld_safe –defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf &
— 从库指定与主库同步的基本信息
mysql>
change master to
master_host=’10.219.24.25′,
master_port=3306,
master_user=’slave25′,
master_password=’oracle’,
master_auto_position=1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.04 sec)

参数解释：
MASTER_HOST : 设置要连接的主服务器的 ip 地址
MASTER_USER : 设置要连接的主服务器的用户名
MASTER_PASSWORD : 设置要连接的主服务器的密码
MASTER_AUTO_POSITION : GTID 模式，基于事务 ID 复制
— 启动 slave 状态 (开始监听 msater 的变化)
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
— 查看 slave 的状态.
mysql> show slave status \G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 10.219.24.25
Master_User: slave25
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: binlog.000016
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 151
Relay_Log_File: relay.000021
Relay_Log_Pos: 355
Relay_Master_Log_File: binlog.000016
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 151
Relay_Log_Space: 518
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 25
Master_UUID: 29d68531-4cf9-11e7-8e1f-000c297c4100
Master_Info_File: /data/mysql/master.info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
Executed_Gtid_Set:
Auto_Position: 1
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

ERROR:
No query specified

10、主从同步检查
— 主库
mysql> create database gtid;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> use gtid
Database changed
mysql> create table gtid(id int);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.50 sec)
mysql> insert into gtid values(1);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)