Oracle 11g DataGuard 双机实验

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| 操作系统 | release 6.7 | release 6.7 |

一.Primary 数据库配置及相关操作
1. 确认 primary 库处于归档模式
SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode Archive Mode
Automatic archival Enabled
Archive destination USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST
Oldest online log sequence 2
Next log sequence to archive 4
Current log sequence 4

2. 将 primary 库置为 FORCE LOGGING 模式
SQL> alter database force logging;

SQL> select force_logging from v$database;

FOR
—
YES

Database altered.

3. 添加 STANDBY 日志文件
alter database add standby logfile group 4 (‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo04.log’) size 50m;
alter database add standby logfile group 5 (‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo05.log’) size 50m;
alter database add standby logfile group 6 (‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo06.log’) size 50m;
alter database add standby logfile group 7 (‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo07.log’) size 50m;

4. 创建 primary 库客户端初始化参数文件
1). 创建主库中的 pfile
SQL> create pfile from spfile;

File created.

2). 备份到 backup 目录用于创建备库的 pfile
[oracle@rac1 dbs]$ pwd
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs
[oracle@rac1 dbs]$ cp ./initorcl.ora /home/oracle/backup/

3). 修改后主库 pfile 中内容如下
orcl.__db_cache_size=327155712
orcl.__java_pool_size=4194304
orcl.__large_pool_size=8388608
orcl.__oracle_base=’/u01/app/oracle’
#ORACLE_BASE set from environment
orcl.__pga_aggregate_target=318767104
orcl.__sga_target=469762048
orcl.__shared_io_pool_size=0
orcl.__shared_pool_size=121634816
orcl.__streams_pool_size=0
*.audit_file_dest=’/u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/adump’
*.audit_trail=’db’
*.compatible=’11.2.0.4.0′
*.control_files=’/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl’,’/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl/control02.ctl’
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain=”
*.db_name=’orcl’
*.db_recovery_file_dest=’/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area’
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=4385144832
*.diagnostic_dest=’/u01/app/oracle’
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=orclXDB)’
*.log_archive_format=’%t_%s_%r.dbf’
*.memory_target=786432000
*.open_cursors=300
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile=’EXCLUSIVE’
*.undo_tablespace=’UNDOTBS1′
#################################################################
#Parameters for Primary Database.
#################################################################
*.DB_NAME=’orcl’
*.DB_UNIQUE_NAME=orcl
*.LOG_ARCHIVE_FORMAT=log%t_%s_%r.arc
*.LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG=’DG_CONFIG=(orcl,orcldg)’
*.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1=’LOCATION=/u01/app/oracle/archivelog VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=orcl’
*.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2=’SERVICE=orcldg LGWR ASYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=orcldg’
*.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1=ENABLE
*.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2=ENABLE
*.REMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORDFILE=EXCLUSIVE
*.standby_file_management=auto

#################################################################
#Parameters which using for switch over from Primary to Standby.
#################################################################
*.FAL_SERVER=orcldg
*.FAL_CLIENT=orcl
*.DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT=’/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcldg’,’/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl’
*.log_file_name_convert=’/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcldg’,’/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl’
*.standby_archive_dest=’/u01/app/oracle/archive_log’

4). 通过 pfile 重建 spfile
SQL> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.

SQL> create spfile from pfile=’initorcl.ora’;

File created.

5). 修改监听配置文件
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.20.241)(PORT = 1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
)
)

ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app/oracle
6). 配置 tnsnames.ora 文件
[oracle@rac1 admin]$ pwd
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin
orcl =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.20.234)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
)
)

orcldg =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.20.235)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = orcldg)
)
)

EXTPROC_CONNECTION_DATA =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC0))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SID = PLSExtProc)
(PRESENTATION = RO)
)
)
7). 启动数据库，测试
[oracle@rac1 admin]$ tnsping orcl

TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 – Production on 17-NOV-2016 19:22:52

Used parameter files:

Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias
Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.50.241)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = orcl)))
OK (0 msec)

alter database set standby database to maximize availability;
5.rman 备份数据库, 在闪回区中
backup database plus archivelog;
backup current controlfile for standby;

二.Standby 数据库配置及相关操作

1. 创建所需目录（注意 OMF 管理的文件）
show parameter dest
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/adump
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/dpdump
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcldg/trace
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcldg/cdump
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/archivelog
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/archive_log
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area

2. 复制数据文件到 standby 库对应的目录
从主数据库服务器上拷贝文件
1). 拷贝闪回区内容
scp -r ./* 192.168.20.235:/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/

2). 拷贝参数文件
scp ./* 192.168.20.235:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs

3). 拷贝密码文件
[oracle@stuaapp01 dbs]$ scp orapworcl 192.168.20.235:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/

4). 拷贝监听文件和 tns 文件
scp *.ora 192.168.20.235:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/

3. 修改相应配置

1). 修改监听配置文件
[oracle@stuaapp02 admin]$ vi listener.ora

# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.20.235)(PORT = 1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
)
)

ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app/oracle

2). 修改 TNS 配置文件

3). 重启监听服务
lsnrctl stop
lsnrctl start

4).standby 的初始化参数如下
orcl.__db_cache_size=327155712
orcl.__java_pool_size=4194304
orcl.__large_pool_size=8388608
orcl.__oracle_base=’/u01/app/oracle’
#ORACLE_BASE set from environment
orcl.__pga_aggregate_target=318767104
orcl.__sga_target=469762048
orcl.__shared_io_pool_size=0
orcl.__shared_pool_size=121634816
orcl.__streams_pool_size=0
*.audit_file_dest=’/u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/adump’
*.audit_trail=’db’
*.compatible=’11.2.0.4.0′
*.control_files=’/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl’,’/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl/control02.ctl’
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain=”
*.db_name=’orcl’
*.db_recovery_file_dest=’/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area’
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=4385144832
*.diagnostic_dest=’/u01/app/oracle’
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=orclXDB)’
*.log_archive_format=’%t_%s_%r.dbf’
*.memory_target=786432000
*.open_cursors=300
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile=’EXCLUSIVE’
*.undo_tablespace=’UNDOTBS1′
#################################################################
#Parameters for Standby Database.
#################################################################
*.DB_NAME=’orcl’
*.DB_UNIQUE_NAME=orcldg
*.LOG_ARCHIVE_FORMAT=log%t_%s_%r.arc
*.LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG=’DG_CONFIG=(orcl,orcldg)’
*.DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT=’/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl’,’/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcldg’
*.LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT=’/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl’,’/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcldg’
*.STANDBY_ARCHIVE_DEST=’/u01/app/oracle/archive_log’
*.FAL_SERVER=orcl
*.FAL_CLIENT=orcldg
*.STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT=AUTO

#################################################################
#Parameters which using for switch over from Standby to Primary.
#################################################################
*.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1=’LOCATION=/u01/app/oracle/archivelog VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=orcldg’
*.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2=’SERVICE=orcl LGWR ASYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=orcl’
*.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1=ENABLE
*.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2=ENABLE
*.REMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORDFILE=EXCLUSIVE

5). 通过该 pfile 创建 spfile
SQL> create spfile from pfile= ‘initorcldg.ora’;

File created.
4 恢复数据库
启动备库到 nomount
startup nomount
[oracle@dg2 admin]$ rman target sys/oracle@orcl auxiliary /
RMAN> duplicate target database for standby nofilenamecheck;
RMAN> exit
关闭数据库
shutdown immediate

5. 启动 redo 应用
startup nomount;
alter database mount standby database;

SQL> alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;

Database altered.

6. 验证
主库
SQL> archive log list
Database log mode Archive Mode
Automatic archival Enabled
Archive destination /u01/app/oracle/archivelog
Oldest online log sequence 73
Next log sequence to archive 75
Current log sequence 75
备库
SQL> archive log list
Database log mode Archive Mode
Automatic archival Enabled
Archive destination /u01/app/oracle/archivelog
Oldest online log sequence 70
Next log sequence to archive 0
Current log sequence 75
7. 切换到只读模式
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database cancel;