mysqldump 快速搭建特定库主从架构(GTID)

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对于数据总量不大的 MySQL 数据库搭建主从架构，借助 mysqldump 工具来实现是不错的选择，再结合 MySQL GTID 特性，使得高可用轻而易举。本文是基于 mysqldump 搭建 gtid 主从的补充。主要是介绍基于多库级别实现 GTID 主从，即非整个实例级别。下面是本文的具体描述及示例。

一、mysqldump 时 GTID 参数

# mysqldump --help|grep gtid-purged -A8
  --set-gtid-purged[=name] 
                      Add 'SET @@GLOBAL.GTID_PURGED' to the output. Possible
                      values for this option are ON, OFF and AUTO. If ON is
                      used and GTIDs are not enabled on the server, an error is
                      generated. If OFF is used, this option does nothing. If
                      AUTO is used and GTIDs are enabled on the server, 'SET
                      @@GLOBAL.GTID_PURGED' is added to the output. If GTIDs
                      are disabled, AUTO does nothing. If no value is supplied
                      then the default (AUTO) value will be considered.
        这个参数用于控制在导出数据库时是否导出 GTID，针对已开启 GTID 的 mysql 实例                      
        就是说导出的数据中已经包含了这些 GTID，因此在从库开启从之后需要被跳过
        缺省值为 AUTO，如果导出时指定为 OFF，则在从库开启从之后会收到 error 1236

二、主从环境配置

        主服务器：192.168.1.233:3306  server_id : 233
        从服务器：192.168.1.245:3306  server_id : 245

-- 在主库端创建复制用户 
        (root@Master)[(none)]> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE, REPLICATION CLIENT ON *.* TO 'repl'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '123456'; 

-- 查看主库端的配置文件 
        (root@Master)[(none)]>system grep -v ^# /etc/my.cnf

        [mysqld]

        sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES

        basedir = /usr/local/mysql
        datadir = /data

        server_id=233                
        gtid_mode=on                 
        enforce_gtid_consistency=on  

        log_bin=node233-binlog
        log-slave-updates=1    
        binlog_format=row              
        report_host=Master   
        report_port=3306
        master-info-repository = TABLE
        relay-log-info-repository = TABLE
        replicate-do-db=tempdb
        replicate-do-db=testdb

        skip_slave_start=1    ### 该参数在启动 DB 时不会自启动 slave，需要手动启动  

-- 查看从库端的配置文件 
        (root@Slave)[(none)]>system grep -v ^# /etc/my.cnf

        [mysqld]

        basedir = /usr/local/mysql 
        datadir = /data  

        sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES

        server_id=245                
        gtid_mode=on                 
        enforce_gtid_consistency=on  

        log_bin=node245-binlog
        log-slave-updates=1    
        binlog_format=row            
        report_host=Slave
        report_port=3306
        master-info-repository = TABLE
        relay-log-info-repository = TABLE
        replicate-do-db=tempdb
        replicate-do-db=testdb

        skip_slave_start=1  ### 该参数在启动 DB 时不会自启动 slave，需要手动启动

三、主库端的设置

 演示环境
        (root@Master)[(none)]>show variables like 'version';
        +---------------+------------+
        | Variable_name | Value      |
        +---------------+------------+
        | version       | 5.7.12-log |
        +---------------+------------+

-- 创建需要复制的数据库 tempdb 与 testdb
        (root@Master)[(none)]>create database tempdb;

        (root@Master)[(none)]>use tempdb;

        (root@Master)[tempdb]>create table tb(`userId` int);

        (root@Master)[(none)]>create database testdb;

        (root@Master)[(none)]>use testdb;

        (root@Master)[testdb]>create table tb(`userId` int);

-- 主库端执行 sql，使用如下脚本
        # more insert_id.sh 
        #/bin/sh
        cnt=1

        while [$cnt -le 10000]
        do
                mysql -uroot -ppass -e "insert into tempdb.tb(userId) values($cnt);
                                        insert into testdb.tb(userId) values($cnt)"
                let cnt=$cnt+1
                   sleep 1 
                echo "Insert $cnt"
        done

-- 执行脚本
        # ./insert_id.sh 
        mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
        Insert 2
        mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
        Insert 3
        mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
        Insert 4
             ...........

--dump 导出库文件     
        # mysqldump --single-transaction --triggers --routines --events --user=root --password=pass \
        > --databases tempdb testdb  >/tmp/multidb.sql  

--dump 文件的内容
        # more /tmp/multidb.sql
        -- MySQL dump 10.13  Distrib 5.7.12, for linux-glibc2.5 (x86_64)
        --
        -- Host: localhost    Database: tempdb
        -- ------------------------------------------------------
        -- Server version       5.7.12-log
        -- 非重要的信息省略 

        SET @MYSQLDUMP_TEMP_LOG_BIN = @@SESSION.SQL_LOG_BIN;
        SET @@SESSION.SQL_LOG_BIN= 0;

        --
        -- GTID state at the beginning of the backup
        --

        --GTID 信息，重要，用于主从复制跳过 )
        SET @@GLOBAL.GTID_PURGED='1b64c25d-8d2b-11e6-9ac0-000c29b82d0d:1-2318';

        --
        -- Current Database: `tempdb`
        --

        CREATE DATABASE /*!32312 IF NOT EXISTS*/ `tempdb` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET latin1 */;

        USE `tempdb`;

        --
        -- Table structure for table `tb`
        --

        DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `tb`;
        /*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client     = @@character_set_client */;
        /*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
        CREATE TABLE `tb` (`userId` int(11) DEFAULT NULL
        ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
        /*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;

        --
        -- Dumping data for table `tb`
        --

        LOCK TABLES `tb` WRITE;
        /*!40000 ALTER TABLE `tb` DISABLE KEYS */;
        INSERT INTO `tb` VALUES (1),(2),(3),(4),(5);
        /*!40000 ALTER TABLE `tb` ENABLE KEYS */;
        UNLOCK TABLES;

        --
        -- Dumping events for database 'tempdb'
        --

        --
        -- Dumping routines for database 'tempdb'
        --

        --
        -- Current Database: `testdb`
        --

        CREATE DATABASE /*!32312 IF NOT EXISTS*/ `testdb` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET latin1 */;

        USE `testdb`;

        --
        -- Table structure for table `tb`
        --

        DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `tb`;
        /*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client     = @@character_set_client */;
        /*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
        CREATE TABLE `tb` (`userId` int(11) DEFAULT NULL
        ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
        /*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;

        --
        -- Dumping data for table `tb`
        --

        LOCK TABLES `tb` WRITE;
        /*!40000 ALTER TABLE `tb` DISABLE KEYS */;
        INSERT INTO `tb` VALUES (1),(2),(3),(4),(5);
        /*!40000 ALTER TABLE `tb` ENABLE KEYS */;
        UNLOCK TABLES;

        --
        -- Dumping events for database 'testdb'
        --

        -- 在上面 dump 出来的每个表中可以看到导出的时候已经产生了数据 1-5
        -- Dumping routines for database 'testdb'
        --
        SET @@SESSION.SQL_LOG_BIN = @MYSQLDUMP_TEMP_LOG_BIN;

-- 将导出文件复制到从服务器
        [root@node233 ~]# scp /tmp/multidb.sql 192.168.1.245:/tmp

四、从库端的设置

(root@Slave)[(none)]>reset master;
        Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

        (root@Slave)[(none)]>reset slave all;
        Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)

        (root@Slave)[(none)]>source /tmp/multidb.sql

        (root@Slave)[tempdb]>CHANGE MASTER TO  
            -> MASTER_HOST='Master',    
            -> MASTER_USER='repl',    
            -> MASTER_PASSWORD='123456',    
            -> MASTER_PORT=3306,    
            -> MASTER_AUTO_POSITION = 1;
        Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.07 sec)

        (root@Slave)[tempdb]>start slave;
        Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)

        (root@Slave)[testdb]>show slave status\G
        *************************** 1. row ***************************
                       Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
                          Master_Host: Master
                          Master_User: repl
                          Master_Port: 3306
                        Connect_Retry: 60
                      Master_Log_File: node233-binlog.000008
                  Read_Master_Log_Pos: 201141
                       Relay_Log_File: node245-relay-bin.000002
                        Relay_Log_Pos: 96813
                Relay_Master_Log_File: node233-binlog.000008
                     Slave_IO_Running: Yes
                    Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
                      Replicate_Do_DB: tempdb,testdb
                  Replicate_Ignore_DB: 
                   Replicate_Do_Table: 
               Replicate_Ignore_Table: 
              Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: 
          Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: 
                           Last_Errno: 0
                           Last_Error: 
                         Skip_Counter: 0
                  Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 201141
                      Relay_Log_Space: 97062
                      Until_Condition: None
                       Until_Log_File: 
                        Until_Log_Pos: 0
                   Master_SSL_Allowed: No
                   Master_SSL_CA_File: 
                   Master_SSL_CA_Path: 
                      Master_SSL_Cert: 
                    Master_SSL_Cipher: 
                       Master_SSL_Key: 
                Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
        Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
                        Last_IO_Errno: 0
                        Last_IO_Error: 
                       Last_SQL_Errno: 0
                       Last_SQL_Error: 
          Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: 
                     Master_Server_Id: 233
                          Master_UUID: 1b64c25d-8d2b-11e6-9ac0-000c29b82d0d
                     Master_Info_File: mysql.slave_master_info
                            SQL_Delay: 0
                  SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
              Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
                   Master_Retry_Count: 86400
                          Master_Bind:   -- Author : Leshami
              Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:   -- Blog   : http://www.linuxidc.com
             Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: 
                       Master_SSL_Crl: 
                   Master_SSL_Crlpath: 
                   Retrieved_Gtid_Set: 1b64c25d-8d2b-11e6-9ac0-000c29b82d0d:2319-2702
                    Executed_Gtid_Set: 1b64c25d-8d2b-11e6-9ac0-000c29b82d0d:1-2702
                        Auto_Position: 1
                 Replicate_Rewrite_DB: 
                         Channel_Name: 
                   Master_TLS_Version:

五、验证主从记录

-- 以下查询中可以看到，两个数据库的表中的记录在不停的增加
        (root@Slave)[testdb]>select count(*) from tb;
        +----------+
        | count(*) |
        +----------+          
        |      206 |
        +----------+

        (root@Slave)[testdb]>select count(*) from tempdb.tb;
        +----------+
        | count(*) |
        +----------+
        |      214 |
        +----------+

        (root@Slave)[testdb]>select count(*) from tb;
        +----------+
        | count(*) |
        +----------+
        |      216 |
        +----------+

        (root@Slave)[testdb]>select count(*) from tempdb.tb;
        +----------+
        | count(*) |
        +----------+
        |      218 |
        +----------+