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1. 用 rsync+ssh 软件做文件定时备份，增量备份，但不是做到实时备份，所以单独使用效果不是很好.
服务器 A(ip:2.2.2.135):
[root@CentOS ~]# ifconfig eth0 — 查看 IP 地址
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 08:00:27:56:AA:AA
inet addr:2.2.2.135 Bcast:2.255.255.255 Mask:255.0.0.0
inet6 addr: fe80::a00:27ff:fe56:aaaa/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:13072 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:328 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:1009592 (985.9 KiB) TX bytes:31733 (30.9 KiB)
[root@centos ~]# vim /etc/hosts – 添加以下行
2.2.2.145 centos1
2.2.2.135 centos
[root@centos ~]# yum install rsync – 安装 rsync 软件，记住两台电脑必须全部安装
[root@centos ~]# ssh-keygen -t rsa
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa):
/root/.ssh/id_rsa already exists.
Overwrite (y/n)? y
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
12:c6:7b:6a:12:4a:15:c8:8b:0f:90:54:02:fa:08:27 root@centos
The key’s randomart image is:
+–[RSA 2048]—-+
|+=.o. |
|+ + o |
|E…. + |
|+=.. . o |
|.oo . o S |
| … . + |
| . . o |
| o |
| |
+—————–+
[root@centos ~]# scp ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub 2.2.2.145:/root/.ssh/authorized_keys – 将公钥放到别一台服务器上
[root@centos ~]# ssh 2.2.2.145 – 登陆不用密码了
Last login: Tue Dec 17 09:46:05 2013 from centos
[root@centos1 ~]#
服务器 B(ip:2.2.2.145):
[root@centos1 ~]$ ifconfig eth0 – 查看 IP 地址
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 08:00:27:56:AA:AA
inet addr:2.2.2.145 Bcast:2.2.2.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::a00:27ff:fe56:aaaa/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:14005 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:503 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:1081748 (1.0 MiB) TX bytes:46832 (45.7 KiB)
[root@centos1 ~]$ vim /etc/hosts – 添加以下两行
2.2.2.135 centos
2.2.2.145 centos1
[root@centos1 ~]$ ping 2.2.2.135 -c 1 – 是否相通
PING 2.2.2.135 (2.2.2.135) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 2.2.2.135: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.438 ms
— 2.2.2.135 ping statistics —
1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.438/0.438/0.438/0.000 ms
[root@centos ~]# yum install rsync
PING 2.2.2.135 (2.2.2.135) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 2.2.2.135: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.438 ms
— 2.2.2.135 ping statistics —
1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.438/0.438/0.438/0.000 ms
[root@centos ~]# yum install rsync – 安装软件
[root@centos1 ~]# ssh-keygen -t rsa
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa):
/root/.ssh/id_rsa already exists.
Overwrite (y/n)? y
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
4b:74:44:ca:38:50:17:25:3a:1e:b0:ac:a4:7d:f3:be root@centos1
The key’s randomart image is:
+–[RSA 2048]—-+
| o.. +++ |
| . + = + |
| . o * + . |
| + . . = . |
|. o o . S |
| . o . . |
| . . |
| . |
| E. |
+—————–+
[root@centos1 ~]# scp ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub 2.2.2.135:/root/.ssh/authorized_keys
[root@centos1 ~]$ rsync 2.2.2.135:/home/*.txt /home/ – 远程复制文件,- r 是目录
[root@centos1 ~]$ ll /home/*.txt – 复制成功
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 36 Dec 16 14:40 /home/1.txt
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 12 Dec 16 14:34 /home/2.txt
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 0 Dec 16 15:48 /home/3.txt
[root@centos1 ~]$ crontab -e
* 24 * * * /usr/bin/rsync 2.2.2.135:/home/*.txt /home/ – 每天 24 点备份
2.rsync+ssh+inotify 做文件实时备份工作 (inotify 文件系统监控)
服务器 A(ip:2.2.2.135): 备份文件
[root@centos1 samba]$ tar xvf inotify-tools-3.14.tar.gz
[root@centos1 samba]$ cd inotify-tools-3.14
[root@centos1 inotify-tools-3.14]$ ./configure –prefix=/usr/local/inotify && make && make install – 安装软件
[root@centos inotify-tools-3.14]# cd /usr/local/inotify/
[root@centos inotify]# ll
total 16
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Dec 16 16:08 bin
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 4096 Dec 16 16:08 include
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Dec 16 16:08 lib
drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 4096 Dec 16 16:08 share
[root@centos inotify]# cd bin/
[root@centos bin]# ll
total 72
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 36447 Dec 16 16:08 inotifywait
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 34961 Dec 16 16:08 inotifywatch
[root@centos bin]# vim start.sh
#!/bin/sh
SRC=/home/
DST=/home/
IP=2.2.2.145
/usr/local/inotify/bin/inotifywait -mrq -e modify,delete,create,attrib ${SRC} | while read status
do
/usr/bin/rsync -auvg –delete $DST $IP:$SRC && – 在后台执行
if (echo “$?” == “0”);then
echo `date + %D`:back ok >> /home/1.log – 在 date 前面有反单引号
else
echo `date +%D`:error >> /home/1.log
done
[root@centos1 bin]# chmod o+x start.sh
[root@centos1 bin]# ./start.sh &
[2] 2915
[root@centos1 bin]# ll /home/1
total 8
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 36 Dec 16 14:40 1.txt
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 12 Dec 16 14:34 2.txt
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 0 Dec 17 10:58 3.txt
[root@centos1 bin]# mkdir /home/1/{1,2,3}
[root@centos1 bin]# ll /home/1
total 20
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Dec 17 11:31 1
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 36 Dec 16 14:40 1.txt
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Dec 17 11:31 2
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 12 Dec 16 14:34 2.txt
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Dec 17 11:31 3
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 0 Dec 17 10:58 3.txt
[root@centos1 bin]# cat /home/1.log – 日志有记录，成功了
:back ok
:back ok
:back ok
:back ok
[root@centos1 bin]# – 去 2.2.2.145 看看文件有没有同步
服务器 B(ip:2.2.2.145)：用于读文件
[root@centos1 1]# ifconfig eth0
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 08:00:27:56:AA:AA
inet addr:2.2.2.145 Bcast:2.2.2.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::a00:27ff:fe56:aaaa/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:38855 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:12226 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:3390394 (3.2 MiB) TX bytes:1557639 (1.4 MiB)
[root@centos1 1]# ll /home/1 – 服务器 B 可以看到了
total 20
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Dec 17 11:31 1
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 36 Dec 16 14:40 1.txt
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Dec 17 11:31 2
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 12 Dec 16 14:34 2.txt
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Dec 17 11:31 3
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 0 Dec 17 10:58 3.txt
3.unison+ssh 文件双向同步, 无法实现实时双向同步
1) 安装 unison 软件
[root@centos1 samba]# tar xvf ocaml-3.12.1.tar.gz
[root@centos1 samba]# cd ocaml-3.12.1
[root@centos1 ocaml-4.01.0]# ./configure && make && make install
[root@centos1 ocaml-4.01.0]# cd ..
[root@centos1 samba]# tar xvf unison-2.40.63.tar.gz
[root@centos1 samba]# cd unison-2.40.63
[root@centos1 unison-2.40.63]# make UISTYLE=text
[root@centos1 unison-2.40.63]# mkdir /root/bin
[root@centos1 unison-2.40.63]# make install
[root@centos1 unison-2.40.63]# cp /root/bin/unison /usr/bin
2)ssh 登陆不用密(在服务器 1 登陆服 2 不用密码)
[root@centos home]# ssh-keygen -t rsa
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa):
/root/.ssh/id_rsa already exists.
Overwrite (y/n)? y
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
e3:70:96:80:20:8b:e8:a9:6f:7a:00:64:5f:8b:86:90 root@centos
The key’s randomart image is:
+–[RSA 2048]—-+
|… |
|E= . o |
|B o + o |
|o..+ . . . |
|.o. . S |
|o = . |
|.. . |
| .o |
|.+. |
+—————–+
[root@centos home]# scp ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub 2.2.2.145:/root/.ssh/authorized_keys
root@2.2.2.145’s password:
id_rsa.pub 100% 393 0.4KB/s 00:00
[root@centos home]# ssh 2.2.2.145 – 成功, 不用输入密码
Last login: Tue Dec 17 13:25:15 2013 from centos
[root@centos1 ~]#
3)服务器 2 登陆服务器 1 不用密码
[root@centos1 unison-2.40.63]# ssh-keygen -t rsa
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa):
/root/.ssh/id_rsa already exists.
Overwrite (y/n)? y
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
be:43:3a:24:4c:83:fe:bd:22:e2:ed:c2:89:7e:ab:c9 root@centos1
The key’s randomart image is:
+–[RSA 2048]—-+
| |
| |
| . |
| . o |
| . o . S |
| . o … |
|o .. + o. |
|+++.o + .. |
|oE==…o.. |
+—————–+
[root@centos1 unison-2.40.63]# scp ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub 2.2.2.135:/root/.ssh/authorized_keys
[root@centos1 unison-2.40.63]# ssh 2.2.2.135
Last login: Tue Dec 17 13:26:06 2013 from centos1
[root@centos ~]#
4)服务器 1,2 文件同步
[root@centos1 bin]# unison /home ssh://root@2.2.2.145:/home – 文件同步
[root@centos1 bin]# unison /home ssh://root@2.2.2.145:/home –path 目录 – 只同步指定的目录
Rsync 的详细介绍：请点这里
Rsync 的下载地址：请点这里
推荐阅读：
利用 inotifywait 监控主机文件和目录 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-03/81075.htm
利用 inotify+rsync 实现 Linux 文件批量更新 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2012-01/52132.htm
inotify-tools+rsync 实时同步文件安装和配置 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2012-06/63624.htm
rsync 同步完整配置 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-06/85781.htm
