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一、部署前准备
- 部署机器准备
- 计算机名解析
- 关闭防火墙、selinux
- 时间同步
- 软件包获得
- ssh 免密登陆
约定事项：
-
所有服务器全部采用静态 ip
主机名称 IP 地址 manage01 192.168.98.200/24 node1 192.168.98.201/24 node2 192.168.98.202/24 node3 192.168.98.203/24 -
主机名及主机名互相绑定
[root@manage01 ~]# cat /etc/hosts 127.0.0.1 localhost ::1 localhost 192.168.98.200 manage01 192.168.98.201 node1 192.168.98.202 node2 192.168.98.203 node3 其他机器同理 -
关闭防火墙, selinux
[root@manage01 ~]# systemctl disable firewalld [root@manage01 ~]# sed -i -r '/SELINUX=/c\SELINUX=disabled' /etc/selinux/config [root@manage01 ~]# reboot 其他机器同理 -
采用时间服务器，时间同步
1、修改配置文件，配置时间服务器为阿里云的时间服务器 [root@manage01 ~]# egrep "^server" /etc/chrony.conf server ntp1.aliyun.com server ntp2.aliyun.com server ntp3.aliyun.com server ntp4.aliyun.com # 注释 # pool 2.centos.pool.ntp.org iburst 2、重启服务 chronyd [root@manage01 ~]# systemctl restart chronyd.service 3、查看源信息 #chronyc chrony 的命令行客户端 [root@manage01 ~]# chronyc sources -v 210 Number of sources = 2 .-- Source mode '^' = server, '=' = peer, '#' = local clock. / .- Source state '*' = current synced, '+' = combined , '-' = not combined, | / '?' = unreachable, 'x' = time may be in error, '~' = time too variable. || .- xxxx [yyyy] +/- zzzz || Reachability register (octal) -. | xxxx = adjusted offset, || Log2(Polling interval) --. | | yyyy = measured offset, || \ | | zzzz = estimated error. || | | \ MS Name/IP address Stratum Poll Reach LastRx Last sample =============================================================================== ^? 120.25.115.20 2 6 1 3 +663us[+663us] +/- 23ms ^? 203.107.6.88 2 6 1 2 -1326us[-1326us] +/- 17ms -
确认和配置 yum 源(需要 epel 源)
[root@manage01 ~]# yum -y install epel-*6.ssh 远程连接
管理端和被管理端连接时基于 ssh 的，所以有两种连接方式
1）基于 ssh 口令
2）基于 ssh 证书（重点讲解）
如果想不需要运维人员干预，被管理端必须允许管理端证书免密登陆。
-
# 管理端 manage01 生成 ssh 公私钥 [root@manage01 ~]# ssh-keygen Generating public/private rsa key pair. Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa): Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): Enter same passphrase again: Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa. Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub. The key fingerprint is: SHA256:aufJno2QjPK/V63/PVW13h5oWlKu0jk7HesXYTho0gM root@manage01 The key's randomart image is: +---[RSA 2048]----+ | | | E .| | o . . o| | . = + +.| | S o.+ = +| | o o ...* +o| | . . * ....O o.+| | o . =.*.B o +.| | ..o+B oo*oo o| +----[SHA256]-----+ #将公钥传给 node1 [root@manage01 ~]# ssh-copy-id -i .ssh/id_rsa.pub root@192.168.98.201 /usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: ".ssh/id_rsa.pub" The authenticity of host '192.168.98.201 (192.168.98.201)' can't be established. ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:u+yOQz+E+eF7Oixdz/vClLXlAEu/7K8jy783gzk20dQ. ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:c0:80:1b:ae:93:32:c2:66:f5:da:2f:1c:26:1e:7e:f8. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes /usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed /usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys root@192.168.98.201's password: Number of key(s) added: 1 Now try logging into the machine, with: "ssh'root@192.168.98.201'" and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added. #将公钥传给 node2 [root@manage01 ~]# ssh-copy-id -i .ssh/id_rsa.pub root@192.168.98.202 /usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: ".ssh/id_rsa.pub" The authenticity of host '192.168.98.202 (192.168.98.202)' can't be established. ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:X4JeiiFuwV0cja81veAyGCosriEfZm/zv34cfYkuxmU. ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:7d:17:0f:80:d5:2b:30:ec:2c:62:f9:79:6b:fb:5f:bc. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes /usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed /usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys root@192.168.98.202's password: Number of key(s) added: 1 Now try logging into the machine, with: "ssh'root@192.168.98.202'" and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added. #将公钥传给 node3 [root@manage01 ~]# ssh-copy-id -i .ssh/id_rsa.pub root@192.168.98.203 /usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: ".ssh/id_rsa.pub" The authenticity of host '192.168.98.203 (192.168.98.203)' can't be established. ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:PtpsYBjaXkE+o3j8QYU5Ju8uPgcW2lVW8wsx4X1PV/c. ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:50:a1:63:a0:ef:e7:61:26:11:25:ae:06:ec:93:cb:18. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes /usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed /usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys root@192.168.98.203's password: Number of key(s) added: 1 Now try logging into the machine, with: "ssh'root@192.168.98.203'" and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added. 小窍门 免交互创建公私钥 [root@manage01 ansible]# ssh-keygen -f /root/.ssh/id_rsa -N "" -f 指定密钥存放路径 -N "" 新密码设置问空 -P "" 老密码是什么 如何可以非交互式传公钥呢 [root@manage01 ansible]# yum -y install sshpass [root@manage01 ansible]# sshpass -p111111 ssh-copy-id -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -i /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@192.168.98.202 StrictHostKeyChecking 严厉的主机监测 =no 就不会问你 yes|no 了 sshpass 非交互式传密码 测试证书是否生效 [root@manage01 ~]# for i in `seq 201 203`;do > ssh root@192.168.98.$i "hostname" > done node1 node2 node3 看到返回客户端的计算机名称
二、ansible 管理端部署
2.1）管理端安装 ansible
安装方式:
1）yum
[root@manage01 ~]# yum -y install ansible
[root@manage01 ~]# ansible --version
ansible 2.8.5
config file = /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg
configured module search path = ['/root/.ansible/plugins/modules', '/usr/share/ansible/plugins/modules']
ansible python module location = /usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/ansible
executable location = /usr/bin/ansible
python version = 3.6.8 (default, May 21 2019, 23:51:36) [GCC 8.2.1 20180905 (Red Hat 8.2.1-3)]
2）源码
1、官网下载地址：https://releases.ansible.com/ansible
[root@manage01 ~]# wget https://releases.ansible.com/ansible/ansible-2.9.3.tar.gz
2、安装 ansible
[root@manage01 ~]# tar xf ansible-2.9.3.tar.gz
[root@manage01 ~]# mv ansible-2.9.3 /opt/ansible
[root@manage01 ~]# cd /opt/ansible-2.9.3
#python 软件包安装 --1、安装依赖
[root@manage01 ansible-2.9.0rc3]# pip3 install -r requirements.txt -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple/
[root@manage01 ansible]# ln -s /usr/bin/pip3 /usr/bin/pip
#python 软件包安装 --2、安装软件
[root@manage01 ansible-2.9.0rc3]# pip install --user ansible -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple/
# 安装后设置
[root@manage01 ~]# ln -s /usr/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python
[root@manage01 ~]# ln -s /opt/ansible/bin/* /usr/bin/
[root@manage01 ~]# cp /opt/ansible/examples/ansible.cfg /etc/ansible/
[root@manage01 ~]# cp /opt/ansible/examples/hosts /etc/ansible/
FAQ1
[root@manage01 ansible-2.9.0rc3]# ./bin/ansible -m ping 192.168.98.201
[WARNING]: No inventory was parsed, only implicit localhost is available
[WARNING]: provided hosts list is empty, only localhost is available. Note that
the implicit localhost does not match 'all'
[WARNING]: Could not match supplied host pattern, ignoring: 192.168.98.201
触发原因
执行 ansible 的时候回去读取客户端文件 hosts，如果没有把客户端加入到 hosts 文件，就说明无法 ansible 无法管理。解决方案
[root@manage01 ansible]# mkdir /etc/ansible
[root@manage01 ansible]# cp examples/hosts /etc/ansible/
# 将需要管理的客户端 IP 地址写入 hosts 文件, 可以分组或者直接写
[root@manage01 ~]# cat /etc/ansible/hosts
192.168.98.[201:203]
分组
[group1]
192.168.98.[201:203]
2.2）ansible 管理服务器部署
管理端 ansible 目录：/etc/ansible
[root@manage01 ansible]# tree
.
├── ansible.cfg #ansible 配置文件, 不需要配置
├── hosts # 主机列表
└── roles # 角色列表
1 directory, 2 files
2.3）部署主机列表，定义被监控机
[root@manage01 ansible]# egrep -v "(^#|^$)" /etc/ansible/hosts
[group1] # 名字可以随便起 后面跟上业务机器的 IP 地址或者域名
192.168.98.201
192.168.98.202
192.168.98.203
关于业务机器分组
分组中使用范围
[nginx] 组名
apache[1:10].aaa.com 表示 apache1.aaa.com 到 apache10.aaa.com 这 10 台机器
nginx[a:z].aaa.com 表示 nginxa.aaa.com 到 nginxz.aaa.com 共 26 台机器
10.1.1.[11:15] 表示 10.1.1.11 到10.1.1.15这 5 台机器
如果业务机器的 SSH 端口不是22
10.1.1.13:2222 表示 10.1.1.13 这台，但 ssh 端口为2222
指定业务机器别名，未做免密登陆的机器可以通过下面的机器设置账号密码
nginx1 ansible_ssh_host=10.1.1.13 ansible_ssh_port=2222 ansible_ssh_user=root ansible_ssh_pass="123456"
ansible_ssh_host 指定业务机器的 IP 或域名
ansible_ssh_port 指定业务机器的 ssh 端口
ansible_ssh_user 指定业务机器的 ssh 用户名
ansible_ssh_pass 指定业务机器的 ssh 用户名密码
利用机器别名分组
nginx1 ansible_ssh_host=10.1.1.13 ansible_ssh_port=2222 ansible_ssh_user=root ansible_ssh_pass="123456"
nginx2 ansible_ssh_host=10.1.1.12
[nginx]
nginx1 # 写服务器别名
nginx2
[root@manage01 ansible]# egrep -v "(^#|^$)" /etc/ansible/hosts
# 别名定义
web1 ansible_ssh_host=192.168.98.203 ansible_ssh_port=12121
# 分组
[group1]
192.168.98.201
# 未做免密登陆机器
192.168.98.202:12121 ansible_ssh_user=sko ansible_ssh_pass='123'
# 别名机器
web1 ansible_ssh_user=sko ansible_ssh_pass='123'
2.4）测试管理机和业务机器的联通性
我们可以使用 ansible 通过调用 ping 模块来测试分组机器或某个机器
-m 指定使用的模块 group1 业务机器分组
# 测试单个机器
# 测试主机列表中的机器
# 测试单个机器方法
[root@manage01 ~]# ansible -m ping 192.168.98.201
192.168.98.201 | SUCCESS => {"ansible_facts": {"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
},
"changed": false,
"ping": "pong"
}
# 测试主机列表中的机器方法
[root@manage01 ~]# ansible -m ping group1
192.168.98.201 | SUCCESS => {"ansible_facts": {"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
},
"changed": false,
"ping": "pong"
}
192.168.98.203 | SUCCESS => {"ansible_facts": {"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
},
"changed": false,
"ping": "pong"
}
192.168.98.202 | SUCCESS => {"ansible_facts": {"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
},
"changed": false,
"ping": "pong"
}
三、学习视频
视频：部署前准备
视频：ssh 证书互信设置
视频：ansible 平台部署
视频：主机列表文件 hosts 文件
视频：ansible 自动化平台部署知识图谱
正文完
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