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一、系统环境
[root@localhost home]# cat /etc/RedHat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core)
二、mysql 安装
安装 mysql 和 mysql-devel 都成功，但是安装 mysql-server 失败，如下：
[root@localhost home]# yum install mysql-server
已加载插件：fastestmirror, langpacks
Repodata is over 2 weeks old. Install yum-cron? Or run: yum makecache fast
base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00
extras | 3.4 kB 00:00:00
updates | 3.4 kB 00:00:00
(1/4): base/7/x86_64/group_gz | 155 kB 00:00:01
(2/4): extras/7/x86_64/primary_db | 139 kB 00:00:01
(3/4): base/7/x86_64/primary_db | 5.6 MB 00:00:38
(4/4): updates/7/x86_64/primary_db | 4.7 MB 00:00:39
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.163.com
* extras: mirrors.163.com
* updates: mirrors.163.com
没有可用软件包 mysql-server。错误：无须任何处理 出现这样问题是 CentOS 7 版本将 MySQL 数据库软件从默认的程序列表中移除，用 mariadb 代替了
有两种解决办法：
1、方法一：安装 mariadb
MariaDB 数据库管理系统是 MySQL 的一个分支，采用 GPL 授权许可 MariaDB 的目的是完全兼容 MySQL，包括 API 和命令行，使之能轻松成为 MySQL 的代替品。MariaDB 由 MySQL 的创始人 Michael Widenius（英语：Michael Widenius）主导开发，他早前将自己创建的公司 MySQL AB 卖给了 SUN，此后，随着 SUN 被甲骨文收购，MySQL 的所有权也落入 Oracle 的手中。MariaDB 名称来自 Michael Widenius 的女儿 Maria 的名字。
安装 mariadb，输入安装命令
[root@localhost home]# yum install mariadb-server mariadb
mariadb 数据库的相关命令是：
systemctl start mariadb #启动 MariaDB
systemctl stop mariadb #停止 MariaDB
systemctl restart mariadb #重启 MariaDB
systemctl enable mariadb #设置开机启动
先启动数据库
[root@yl-web yl]# systemctl start mariadb
默认无密码
[root@localhost lzh]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 6
Server version: 5.5.52-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)2、方法二：官网下载安装 mysql-server
# wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm
# rpm -ivh mysql-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm
# yum install mysql-community-server安装成功后重启 mysql 服务
# service mysqld restart
初次安装 mysql，root 账户没有密码
[root@localhost lzh]# mysql -u root
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.6.26 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)设置密码
mysql> set password for 'root'@'localhost' =password('password');
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)安装完以后 mariadb 自动就被替换了，将不再生效。
[root@localhost lzh]# rpm -qa |grep mariadb本文永久更新链接地址 ：http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-04/142863.htm
