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推荐使用 dockerfile（本文直接拉取 tomcat 需要进入容器自行安装 vim）：docker 利用 Dockerfile 来制作镜像 https://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2019-03/157804.htm
1. 查找 Docker Hub 上的 tomcat 镜像
[root@localhost sysctl.d]# docker search tomcat
INDEX NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
docker.io docker.io/tomcat Apache Tomcat is an open source implementa… 2324 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/tomee Apache TomEE is an all-Apache Java EE cert… 64 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/dordoka/tomcat Ubuntu 14.04, Oracle JDK 8 and Tomcat 8 ba… 52 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/davidcaste/alpine-tomcat Apache Tomcat 7/8 using Oracle Java 7/8 wi… 34 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/bitnami/tomcat Bitnami Tomcat Docker Image 28 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/cloudesire/tomcat Tomcat server, 6/7/8 14 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/meirwa/spring-boot-tomcat-MySQL-app a sample spring-boot app using tomcat and … 12 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/aallam/tomcat-mysql Debian, Oracle JDK, Tomcat & MySQL 11 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/tutum/tomcat Base docker image to run a Tomcat applicat… 11
docker.io docker.io/jeanblanchard/tomcat Minimal Docker image with Apache Tomcat 8
docker.io docker.io/arm32v7/tomcat Apache Tomcat is an open source implementa… 6
docker.io docker.io/maluuba/tomcat7-java8 Tomcat7 with java8. 3
docker.io docker.io/rightctrl/tomcat CentOS , Oracle Java, tomcat application s… 3 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/amd64/tomcat Apache Tomcat is an open source implementa… 2
docker.io docker.io/arm64v8/tomcat Apache Tomcat is an open source implementa… 2
docker.io docker.io/fabric8/tomcat-8 Fabric8 Tomcat 8 Image 2 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/99taxis/tomcat7 Tomcat7 1 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/camptocamp/tomcat-logback Docker image for tomcat with logback integ… 1 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/1and1internet/debian-9-java-8-tomcat-8.5 Our tomcat 8.5 image 0 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/cfje/tomcat-resource Tomcat Concourse Resource 0
docker.io docker.io/jelastic/tomcat An image of the Tomcat Java application se… 0
docker.io docker.io/oobsri/tomcat8 Testing CI Jobs with different names. 0
docker.io docker.io/picoded/tomcat7 tomcat7 with jre8 and MANAGER_USER / MANAG… 0 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/s390x/tomcat Apache Tomcat is an open source implementa… 0
docker.io docker.io/swisstopo/service-print-tomcat backend tomcat for service-print “the true… 0
2. 查看本地已有镜像
docker images
[root@localhost sysctl.d]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
3. 拉取镜像
docker pull tomcat:8 ##version 如果很慢请参照：docker pull centos 慢问题的解决方案
[root@localhost sysctl.d]# docker pull tomcat:8
Trying to pull repository docker.io/library/tomcat …
8: Pulling from docker.io/library/tomcat
22dbe790f715: Pull complete
0250231711a0: Pull complete
6fba9447437b: Pull complete
4afad9c4aba6: Pull complete
12fce9923c9d: Pull complete
0dd81083d77e: Pull complete
4c2afc6ff72d: Pull complete
a62332a260f5: Pull complete
96dfb5ad080f: Pull complete
782f63228ce1: Pull complete
d610fffe30ad: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:aacce4e5ca37a3b8241c544deffd65f4cafbfb1a2fb2066f97621253c34f7dc4
Status: Downloaded newer image for docker.io/tomcat:8
[root@localhost sysctl.d]#
验证
docker images
[root@localhost sysctl.d]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
docker.io/tomcat 8 dd6ff929584a 2 weeks ago 463 MB
[root@localhost sysctl.d]#
4. 启动 tomcat
docker run -d -p 8080:8080 tomcat #### 前者是外部访问端口，后者是容器内映射端口
如下命令可后台启动 tomcat
-d: 后台运行容器，并返回容器 ID；
-i: 以交互模式运行容器，通常与 -t 同时使用；
-t: 为容器重新分配一个伪输入终端，通常与 -i 同时使用；
[root@localhost sysctl.d]# docker run -d -p 8080:8080 tomcat
Unable to find image ‘tomcat:latest’ locally
Trying to pull repository docker.io/library/tomcat …
latest: Pulling from docker.io/library/tomcat
Digest: sha256:aacce4e5ca37a3b8241c544deffd65f4cafbfb1a2fb2066f97621253c34f7dc4
Status: Downloaded newer image for docker.io/tomcat:latest
6a3c7c96df932566cc24cf7811ba774eb4c3f59f498ffc79d9f576ba2c589d04
5. 查看运行中的容器
[root@localhost sysctl.d]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
6a3c7c96df93 tomcat “catalina.sh run” 22 seconds ago Up 20 seconds 0.0.0.0:8080->8080/tcp youthful_carson
[root@localhost sysctl.d]# cd
6. 进入已经运行的容器
docker exec -it containerID /bin/bash 这个命令 exit 退出，ok 容器还在运行
docker attach id 刚方法进入之后，exit 退出就会导致容器 stop
[root@localhost sysctl.d]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
6a3c7c96df93 tomcat “catalina.sh run” 22 seconds ago Up 20 seconds 0.0.0.0:8080->8080/tcp youthful_carson
27c726b541d5 mytomcat:1.0 “/root/run.sh” 14 hours ago Up 14 hours 0.0.0.0:58080->8080/tcp mytomcat_1
6afe7d52b011 9f3 “/bin/bash” 15 hours ago Exited (0) 15 hours ago jovial_mayer
8e9e23f4cd3b 9f3 “/bin/bash” 16 hours ago Exited (127) 15 hours ago admiring_rosalind
[root@localhost sysctl.d]# cd
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it 6a3c /bin/bash
root@6a3c7c96df93:/usr/local/tomcat#
添加新文件
root@6a3c7c96df93:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps# cd ROOT/
root@6a3c7c96df93:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/ROOT# ls
RELEASE-NOTES.txt asf-logo-wide.svg bg-middle.png bg-nav.png favicon.ico tomcat-power.gif tomcat.gif tomcat.svg
WEB-INF bg-button.png bg-nav-item.png bg-upper.png index.jsp tomcat.css tomcat.png
root@6a3c7c96df93:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/ROOT# mkdir test
root@6a3c7c96df93:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/ROOT# cd test
root@6a3c7c96df93:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/ROOT/test# vi showpage.jsp
bash: vi: command not found
root@6a3c7c96df93:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/ROOT/test# tounch showpage.jsp
bash: tounch: command not found
root@6a3c7c96df93:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/ROOT/test# touch showpage.jsp
root@6a3c7c96df93:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/ROOT/test# vi showpage.jsp
bash: vi: command not found
无法使用 vi vim
apt-get update，这个命令的作用是：同步 /etc/apt/sources.list 和 /etc/apt/sources.list.d 中列出的源的索引，这样才能获取到最新的软件包。
等更新完毕以后再敲命令：apt-get install vi 命令即可
root@6a3c7c96df93:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/ROOT/test# apt-get update
Ign:1 http://deb.debian.org/debian stretch InRelease
Get:2 http://deb.debian.org/debian stretch-updates InRelease [91.0 kB]
Get:3 http://deb.debian.org/debian stretch Release [118 kB]
Get:4 http://deb.debian.org/debian stretch-updates/main amd64 Packages [11.1 kB]
Get:5 http://deb.debian.org/debian stretch Release.gpg [2434 B]
Get:6 http://deb.debian.org/debian stretch/main amd64 Packages [7084 kB]
Err:7 http://security.debian.org/debian-security stretch/updates InRelease
Cannot initiate the connection to prod.debian.map.fastly.net:80 (2a04:4e42:a::204). – connect (101: Network is unreachable) Cannot initiate the connection to security.debian.org:80 (2401:2500:103:11a::74). – connect (101: Network is unreachable) [IP: 2401:2500:103:11a::74 80]
Fetched 7306 kB in 43s (168 kB/s)
Reading package lists… Done
W: Failed to fetch http://security.debian.org/debian-security/dists/stretch/updates/InRelease Cannot initiate the connection to prod.debian.map.fastly.net:80 (2a04:4e42:a::204). – connect (101: Network is unreachable) Cannot initiate the connection to security.debian.org:80 (2401:2500:103:11a::74). – connect (101: Network is unreachable) [IP: 2401:2500:103:11a::74 80]
W: Some index files failed to download. They have been ignored, or old ones used instead.
root@6a3c7c96df93:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/ROOT/test#
仍然不可用并提示 E: Unable to fetch some archives, maybe run apt-get update or try with –fix-missing?
root@6a3c7c96df93:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/ROOT/test# apt-get install vim –fix-missing
Reading package lists… Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information… Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
libgpm2 vim-common vim-runtime xxd
Suggested packages:
gpm ctags vim-doc vim-scripts
The following NEW packages will be installed:
libgpm2 vim vim-common vim-runtime xxd
0 upgraded, 5 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 6766 kB of archives.
After this operation, 31.2 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
Get:1 http://cdn-fastly.deb.debian.org/debian stretch/main amd64 xxd amd64 2:8.0.0197-4+deb9u1 [132 kB]
Get:2 http://cdn-fastly.deb.debian.org/debian stretch/main amd64 vim-common all 2:8.0.0197-4+deb9u1 [159 kB]
Get:3 http://cdn-fastly.deb.debian.org/debian stretch/main amd64 libgpm2 amd64 1.20.4-6.2+b1 [34.2 kB]
Get:4 http://cdn-fastly.deb.debian.org/debian stretch/main amd64 vim-runtime all 2:8.0.0197-4+deb9u1 [5407 kB]
Get:5 http://cdn-fastly.deb.debian.org/debian stretch/main amd64 vim amd64 2:8.0.0197-4+deb9u1 [1034 kB]
Fetched 6766 kB in 8min 44s (12.9 kB/s)
debconf: delaying package configuration, since apt-utils is not installed
Selecting previously unselected package xxd.
(Reading database … 16623 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack …/xxd_2%3a8.0.0197-4+deb9u1_amd64.deb …
Unpacking xxd (2:8.0.0197-4+deb9u1) …
Selecting previously unselected package vim-common.
Preparing to unpack …/vim-common_2%3a8.0.0197-4+deb9u1_all.deb …
Unpacking vim-common (2:8.0.0197-4+deb9u1) …
Selecting previously unselected package libgpm2:amd64.
Preparing to unpack …/libgpm2_1.20.4-6.2+b1_amd64.deb …
Unpacking libgpm2:amd64 (1.20.4-6.2+b1) …
Selecting previously unselected package vim-runtime.
;?eparing to unpack …/vim-runtime_2%3a8.0.0197-4+deb9u1_all.deb …
ding ‘diversion of /usr/share/vim/vim80/doc/help.txt to /usr/share/vim/vim80/doc/help.txt.vim-tiny by vim-runtime’
Adding ‘diversion of /usr/share/vim/vim80/doc/tags to /usr/share/vim/vim80/doc/tags.vim-tiny by vim-runtime’
Unpacking vim-runtime (2:8.0.0197-4+deb9u1) …
Selecting previously unselected package vim.
Preparing to unpack …/vim_2%3a8.0.0197-4+deb9u1_amd64.deb …
Unpacking vim (2:8.0.0197-4+deb9u1) …
Setting up xxd (2:8.0.0197-4+deb9u1) …
Setting up libgpm2:amd64 (1.20.4-6.2+b1) …
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.24-11+deb9u4) …
Setting up vim-common (2:8.0.0197-4+deb9u1) …
Setting up vim-runtime (2:8.0.0197-4+deb9u1) …
Processing triggers for hicolor-icon-theme (0.15-1) …
Setting up vim (2:8.0.0197-4+deb9u1) …
update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/vim.basic to provide /usr/bin/vim (vim) in auto mode
update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/vim.basic to provide /usr/bin/vimdiff (vimdiff) in auto mode
update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/vim.basic to provide /usr/bin/rvim (rvim) in auto mode
update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/vim.basic to provide /usr/bin/rview (rview) in auto mode
update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/vim.basic to provide /usr/bin/vi (vi) in auto mode
update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/vim.basic to provide /usr/bin/view (view) in auto mode
update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/vim.basic to provide /usr/bin/ex (ex) in auto mode
update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/vim.basic to provide /usr/bin/editor (editor) in auto mode
7. 添加 hello wold 页面
root@6a3c7c96df93:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/ROOT/test# pwd
/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/ROOT/test
root@6a3c7c96df93:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/ROOT/test# vi showpage.jsp
root@6a3c7c96df93:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/ROOT/test# cat showpage.jsp
<html>
<body>
<h2>Hello World!</h2>
</body>
</html>
root@6a3c7c96df93:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/ROOT/test#
8. 基于此制作新镜像
退出 6a3c 容器，并停止容器
root@6a3c7c96df93:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/ROOT/test# exit
exit
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
6a3c7c96df93 tomcat “catalina.sh run” 2 hours ago Up 2 hours 0.0.0.0:8080->8080/tcp youthful_carson
[root@localhost ~]# docker stop 6a3c
6a3c
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
6a3c7c96df93 tomcat “catalina.sh run” 2 hours ago Exited (143) 4 seconds ago youthful_carson
[root@localhost ~]#
使用以下命令，根据某个“容器 ID”来创建一个新的“镜像”：
docker commit 6a3c my_tomcat:1.0
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
docker.io/centos latest 9f38484d220f 11 days ago 202 MB
docker.io/tomcat 8 dd6ff929584a 2 weeks ago 463 MB
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
6a3c7c96df93 tomcat “catalina.sh run” 2 hours ago Exited (143) 2 minutes ago youthful_carson
[root@localhost ~]# docker commit 6a3c my_tomcat:1.0
sha256:20e7c603432c2d9b39598809a028cf9f4e30eb43bf3b5db287fb278d7cb43e11
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
my_tomcat 1.0 20e7c603432c 14 seconds ago 510 MB
docker.io/centos latest 9f38484d220f 11 days ago 202 MB
docker.io/tomcat 8 dd6ff929584a 2 weeks ago 463 MB
[root@localhost ~]#
9. 验证新镜像
docker run -d -p 8080:8080 my_tomcat
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
6a3c7c96df93 tomcat “catalina.sh run” 2 hours ago Exited (143) 11 minutes ago youthful_carson
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
my_tomcat 1.0 20e7c603432c 7 minutes ago 510 MB
docker.io/centos latest 9f38484d220f 11 days ago 202 MB
docker.io/tomcat 8 dd6ff929584a 2 weeks ago 463 MB
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -d -p 8080:8080 –name my_tomcat_00 my_tomcat
Unable to find image ‘cmiot_tomcat:latest’ locally
Trying to pull repository docker.io/library/cmiot_tomcat …
/usr/bin/docker-current: repository docker.io/cmiot_tomcat not found: does not exist or no pull access.
See ‘/usr/bin/docker-current run –help’.
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -d -p 8080:8080 –name my_tomcat_00 my_tomcat:1.0
0a299b64105fac63371978168a67f9015b361f9816678c0e4bb2ee174aa6ef55
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
0a299b64105f my_tomcat:1.0 “catalina.sh run” About a minute ago Up About a minute 0.0.0.0:8080->8080/tcp my_tomcat_00
6a3c7c96df93 tomcat “catalina.sh run” 2 hours ago Exited (143) 14 minutes ago youthful_carson
[root@localhost ~]#
