Linux之sshkey密钥认证实战

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在实际的生产环境中，经常会用到 sshkey 密钥认证实行数据分发数据等操作，还可以批量操作内网服务器，实行免密认证进行推送分发数据。

1、环境查看

分发服务器

节点服务器

2、服务器添加系统账号

3、生成密钥对

[root@localhost1 ~]# su – linuxidc
[fenfa@localhost1 ~]$ whoami
linuxidc

[fenfa@localhost1 ~]$ ssh-keygen -t dsa
Generating public/private dsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/home/linuxidc/.ssh/id_dsa):
Created directory ‘/home/linuxidc/.ssh’. #创建目录
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /home/linuxidc/.ssh/id_dsa.
Your public key has been saved in /home/linuxidc/.ssh/id_dsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
2c:33:62:96:d5:5a:56:a8:19:63:29:de:63:35:83:f1 linuxidc@localhost1
The key’s randomart image is:
+–[DSA 1024]—-+
|      .+ ..      |
|    . *o=.      |
|  . +.*Eo      |
|    .o*=        |
|    =.=.S        |
|  o . +        |
|                |
|                |
|                |
+—————–+
[linuxidc@localhost1 ~]$ cd /home/linuxidc/.ssh/
[linuxidc@localhost1 .ssh]$ ls -ld .ssh
ls: cannot access .ssh: No such file or directory
[linuxidc@localhost1 .ssh]$ ls -ld /home/linuxidc/.ssh/
drwx—— 2 linuxidc fenfa 4096 Feb 21 00:25 /home/linuxidc/.ssh/
[linuxidc@localhost1 .ssh]$ ll
total 8
-rw——- 1 linuxidc fenfa 668 Feb 21 00:25 id_dsa
-rw-r–r– 1 linuxidc fenfa 606 Feb 21 00:25 id_dsa.pub

[linuxidc@localhost1 .ssh]$ cat /home/linuxidc/.ssh/id_dsa
—–BEGIN DSA PRIVATE KEY—–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—–END DSA PRIVATE KEY—–

4、分发密钥

分发的命令格式
ssh-copy-id -i 密钥名称 用户 @远端主机 IP 地址 ————– 用于 ssh 是默认端口
ssh-copy-id -i 密钥名称“-p port 用户 @远端主机 IP 地址”– 用于 ssh 非默认端口

[linuxidc@localhost1 .ssh]$ ssh-copy-id -i id_dsa.pub linuxidc@192.168.181.129 #分发的命令
The authenticity of host ‘192.168.181.129 (192.168.181.129)’ can’t be established.
RSA key fingerprint is 9e:81:e9:02:86:a0:24:37:2b:d0:4e:ae:d4:41:6f:0d.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? y
Please type ‘yes’ or ‘no’: yes
Warning: Permanently added ‘192.168.181.129’ (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
linuxidc@192.168.181.129’s password:
Permission denied, please try again.
linuxidc@192.168.181.129’s password:
Permission denied, please try again.
linuxidc@192.168.181.129’s password:
Now try logging into the machine, with “ssh ‘linuxidc@192.168.181.129′”, and check in:

  .ssh/authorized_keys

to make sure we haven’t added extra keys that you weren’t expecting.

[linuxidc@localhost1 .ssh]$ ssh-copy-id -i id_dsa.pub linuxidc@192.168.181.129
Now try logging into the machine, with “ssh ‘linuxidc@192.168.181.129′”, and check in:

  .ssh/authorized_keys

to make sure we haven’t added extra keys that you weren’t expecting.

查看是否分发成功

[linuxidc@localhost2 ~]$ tree /home/linuxidc/.ssh/
/home/linuxidc/.ssh/
└── authorized_keys 分发成功

0 directories, 1 file

5、分发数据

不需要输入密码

当每天都需要分发数据时，可以把命令写入脚本中，再加入定时任务，就可以自动分发数据。