使用Kubeadm安装部署Kubernetes1.5.2

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Kubernetes 1.5.2 已经发布，下面调整部署文档。

1 环境准备

准备了三台机器作安装测试工作，机器信息如下:

IP	Name	Role	OS
172.16.1.101	Master01	Controller	CentOS7.2
172.16.1.106	Minion01	Compute	CentOS7.2
172.16.1.107	Minino02	Compute	CentOS7.2

2 安装 docker

tee /etc/yum.repos.d/docker.repo <<-'EOF'
[dockerrepo]
name=Docker Repository
baseurl=https://yum.dockerproject.org/repo/main/centos/$releasever/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://yum.dockerproject.org/gpg
EOF

yum update -y && yum upgrade -y
yum install docker-engine -y
systemctl start docker
systemctl enable docker.service

3 安装 k8s 工具包

三种方式：官方源安装、非官方源安装和 release 工程编译，yum 方式因为不能直接使用 google 提供的源，非官方源中提供的版本比较老（mritd 提供的源很不错，版本很新），如果要使用新版本，可以尝试 release 工程编译的方式。

本站提供

一些比较懒得同学:-D，可以直接从本文提供的位置下载 RPM 工具包安装，下载地址。

可以到 Linux 公社资源站下载：

—————————————— 分割线 ——————————————

免费下载地址在 http://linux.linuxidc.com/

用户名与密码都是www.linuxidc.com

具体下载目录在 /2017 年资料 / 2 月 /17 日 /Kubeadm 快速部署 Kubernetes1.5.2/

下载方法见 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-07/87684.htm

—————————————— 分割线 ——————————————

yum install -y socat

rpm -ivh kubeadm-1.6.0-0.alpha.0.2074.a092d8e0f95f52.x86_64.rpm  kubectl-1.5.1-0.x86_64.rpm  kubelet-1.5.1-0.x86_64.rpm  kubernetes-cni-0.3.0.1-0.07a8a2.x86_64.rpm

systemctl enable kubelet.service

官方源安装

跨越 GFW 方式不细说，你懂的。

建议使用 yumdownloader 下载 rpm 包，不然那下载速度，会让各位对玩 k8s 失去兴趣的。

yum install -y yum-utils

cat <<EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=http://yum.kubernetes.io/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
repo_gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://packages.cloud.google.com/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg
       https://packages.cloud.google.com/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF

yumdownloader kubelet kubeadm kubectl kubernetes-cni
rpm -ivh *.rpm
systemctl enable kubelet.service && systemctl start kubelet

非官方源安装

# 感谢 mritd 维护了一个 yum 源
tee /etc/yum.repos.d/mritd.repo << EOF
[mritdrepo]
name=Mritd Repository
baseurl=https://rpm.mritd.me/centos/7/x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://cdn.mritd.me/keys/rpm.public.key
EOF
yum makecache
yum install -y kubelet kubectl kubernetes-cni kubeadm
systemctl enable kubelet && systemctl start kubelet

relese 编译

git clone https://github.com/kubernetes/release.git
cd release/rpm
./docker-build.sh

编译完成后生成 rpm 包到：/output/x86_64，进入到该目录后安装 rpm 包，注意选择 amd64 的包（相信大多数同学都是 64bit 环境，如果是 32bit 或者 arm 架构请自行选择安装）。

4 下载 docker 镜像

kubeadm 方式安装 kubernetes 集群需要的镜像在 docker 官方镜像中并未提供，只能去 google 的官方镜像库：gcr.io 中下载，GFW 咋办？翻墙! 也可以使用 docker hub 做跳板自己构建，这里针对 k8s-1.5.2 我已经做好镜像，各位可以直接下载，dashboard 的版本并未紧跟 kubelet 主线版本，用哪个版本都可以，本文使用 kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.5.0。

kubernetes-1.5.2 所需要的镜像：

• etcd-amd64:2.2.5
• kubedns-amd64:1.9
• kube-dnsmasq-amd64:1.4
• dnsmasq-metrics-amd64:1.0
• exechealthz-amd64:1.2
• pause-amd64:3.0
• kube-discovery-amd64:1.0
• kube-proxy-amd64:v1.5.2
• kube-scheduler-amd64:v1.5.2
• kube-controller-manager-amd64:v1.5.2
• kube-apiserver-amd64:v1.5.2
• kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.5.0

偷下懒吧，直接执行以下脚本：

#!/bin/bash
images=(kube-proxy-amd64:v1.5.2 kube-discovery-amd64:1.0 kubedns-amd64:1.9 kube-scheduler-amd64:v1.5.2 kube-controller-manager-amd64:v1.5.2 kube-apiserver-amd64:v1.5.2 etcd-amd64:2.2.5 kube-dnsmasq-amd64:1.4 dnsmasq-metrics-amd64:1.0 exechealthz-amd64:1.2 pause-amd64:3.0 kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.5.0 nginx-ingress-controller:0.8.3)
for imageName in ${images[@]} ; do
  docker pull linuxidc/$imageName
  docker tag linuxidc/$imageName gcr.io/google_containers/$imageName
  docker rmi linuxidc/$imageName
done

5 安装 master 节点

由于 kubeadm 和 kubelet 安装过程中会生成 /etc/kubernetes 目录，而 kubeadm init 会先检测该目录是否存在，所以我们先使用 kubeadm 初始化环境。

kubeadm reset && systemctl start kubelet
kubeadm init --api-advertise-addresses=172.16.1.101 --use-kubernetes-version v1.5.2
# 如果使用外部 etcd 集群:
kubeadm init --api-advertise-addresses=172.16.1.101 --use-kubernetes-version v1.5.2 --external-etcd-endpoints http://172.16.1.107:2379,http://172.16.1.107:4001

说明：如果打算使用 flannel 网络，请加上：--pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16。如果有多网卡的，请根据实际情况配置--api-advertise-addresses=<ip-address>，单网卡情况可以省略。

如果出现 ebtables not found in system path 的错误，要先安装 ebtables 包，我安装的过程中未提示，该包系统已经自带了。

yum install -y ebtables

安装过程大概 2 - 3 分钟，输出结果如下：

[kubeadm] WARNING: kubeadm is in alpha, please do not use it for production clusters.
[preflight] Running pre-flight checks
[init] Using Kubernetes version: v1.5.2
[tokens] Generated token: "064158.548b9ddb1d3fad3e"
[certificates] Generated Certificate Authority key and certificate.
[certificates] Generated API Server key and certificate
[certificates] Generated Service Account signing keys
[certificates] Created keys and certificates in "/etc/kubernetes/pki"
[kubeconfig] Wrote KubeConfig file to disk: "/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.conf"
[kubeconfig] Wrote KubeConfig file to disk: "/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf"
[apiclient] Created API client, waiting for the control plane to become ready
[apiclient] All control plane components are healthy after 61.317580 seconds
[apiclient] Waiting for at least one node to register and become ready
[apiclient] First node is ready after 6.556101 seconds
[apiclient] Creating a test deployment
[apiclient] Test deployment succeeded
[token-discovery] Created the kube-discovery deployment, waiting for it to become ready
[token-discovery] kube-discovery is ready after 6.020980 seconds
[addons] Created essential addon: kube-proxy
[addons] Created essential addon: kube-dns

Your Kubernetes master has initialized successfully!

You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
    http://kubernetes.io/docs/admin/addons/

You can now join any number of machines by running the following on each node:

kubeadm join --token=de3d61.504a049ec342e135 172.16.1.101

6 安装 minion 节点

Master 节点安装好了 Minoin 节点就简单了。

kubeadm reset && systemctl start kubelet
kubeadm join --token=de3d61.504a049ec342e135 172.16.1.101

输出结果如下：

[kubeadm] WARNING: kubeadm is in alpha, please do not use it for production clusters.
[preflight] Running pre-flight checks
[preflight] Starting the kubelet service
[tokens] Validating provided token
[discovery] Created cluster info discovery client, requesting info from "http://172.16.1.101:9898/cluster-info/v1/?token-id=f11877"
[discovery] Cluster info object received, verifying signature using given token
[discovery] Cluster info signature and contents are valid, will use API endpoints [https://172.16.1.101:6443]
[bootstrap] Trying to connect to endpoint https://172.16.1.101:6443
[bootstrap] Detected server version: v1.5.2
[bootstrap] Successfully established connection with endpoint "https://172.16.1.101:6443"
[csr] Created API client to obtain unique certificate for this node, generating keys and certificate signing request
[csr] Received signed certificate from the API server:
Issuer: CN=kubernetes | Subject: CN=system:node:yournode | CA: false
Not before: 2016-12-15 19:44:00 +0000 UTC Not After: 2017-12-15 19:44:00 +0000 UTC
[csr] Generating kubelet configuration
[kubeconfig] Wrote KubeConfig file to disk: "/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.conf"

Node join complete:
* Certificate signing request sent to master and response
  received.
* Kubelet informed of new secure connection details.

Run 'kubectl get nodes' on the master to see this machine join.

安装完成后可以查看下状态：

[root@master ~]# kubectl get nodes
NAME       STATUS         AGE
master     Ready,master   6m
minion01   Ready          2m
minion02   Ready          2m

7 安装 Calico 网络

网络组件选择很多，可以根据自己的需要选择 calico、weave、flannel，calico 性能最好，weave 和 flannel 差不多。Addons 中有配置好的 yaml，部署环境使用的阿里云的 VPC，官方提供的 flannel.yaml 创建的 flannel 网络有问题，所以本文中尝试 calico 网络，。

kubectl apply -f http://docs.projectcalico.org/v2.0/getting-started/kubernetes/installation/hosted/kubeadm/calico.yaml

如果使用了外部 etcd，去掉其中以下内容，并修改etcd_endpoints: [ETCD_ENDPOINTS]：

---

# This manifest installs the Calico etcd on the kubeadm master.  This uses a DaemonSet
# to force it to run on the master even when the master isn't schedulable, and uses
# nodeSelector to ensure it only runs on the master.
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
  name: calico-etcd
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    k8s-app: calico-etcd
spec:
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: calico-etcd
      annotations:
        scheduler.alpha.kubernetes.io/critical-pod: ''
        scheduler.alpha.kubernetes.io/tolerations: |
          [{"key": "dedicated", "value": "master", "effect": "NoSchedule" },
           {"key":"CriticalAddonsOnly", "operator":"Exists"}]
    spec:
      # Only run this pod on the master.
      nodeSelector:
        kubeadm.alpha.kubernetes.io/role: master
      hostNetwork: true
      containers:
        - name: calico-etcd
          image: gcr.io/google_containers/etcd:2.2.1
          env:
            - name: CALICO_ETCD_IP
              valueFrom:
                fieldRef:
                  fieldPath: status.podIP
          command: ["/bin/sh","-c"]
          args: ["/usr/local/bin/etcd --name=calico --data-dir=/var/etcd/calico-data --advertise-client-urls=http://$CALICO_ETCD_IP:6666 --listen-client-urls=http://0.0.0.0:6666 --listen-peer-urls=http://0.0.0.0:6667"]
          volumeMounts:
            - name: var-etcd
              mountPath: /var/etcd
      volumes:
        - name: var-etcd
          hostPath:
            path: /var/etcd

---

# This manfiest installs the Service which gets traffic to the Calico
# etcd.
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: calico-etcd
  name: calico-etcd
  namespace: kube-system
spec:
  # Select the calico-etcd pod running on the master.
  selector:
    k8s-app: calico-etcd
  # This ClusterIP needs to be known in advance, since we cannot rely
  # on DNS to get access to etcd.
  clusterIP: 10.96.232.136
  ports:
    - port: 6666

检查各节点组件运行状态：

[root@master work]# kubectl get po -n=kube-system -o wide
NAME                                       READY     STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE       IP                NODE
calico-node-0jkjn                          2/2       Running   0          25m       172.16.1.101      master
calico-node-w1kmx                          2/2       Running   2          25m       172.16.1.106      minion01
calico-node-xqch6                          2/2       Running   0          25m       172.16.1.107      minion02
calico-policy-controller-807063459-d7z47   1/1       Running   0          11m       172.16.1.107      minion02
dummy-2088944543-qw3vr                     1/1       Running   0          29m       172.16.1.101      master
kube-apiserver-master                      1/1       Running   0          28m       172.16.1.101      master
kube-controller-manager-master             1/1       Running   0          29m       172.16.1.101      master
kube-discovery-1769846148-lzlff            1/1       Running   0          29m       172.16.1.101      master
kube-dns-2924299975-jfvrd                  4/4       Running   0          29m       192.168.228.193   master
kube-proxy-6bk7n                           1/1       Running   0          28m       172.16.1.107      minion02
kube-proxy-6pgqz                           1/1       Running   1          29m       172.16.1.106      minion01
kube-proxy-7ms6m                           1/1       Running   0          29m       172.16.1.101      master
kube-scheduler-master                      1/1       Running   0          28m       172.16.1.101      master

说明：kube-dns 需要等 calico 配置完成后才是 running 状态。

8 部署 Dashboard

下载 kubernetes-dashboard.yaml

curl -O https://rawgit.com/kubernetes/dashboard/master/src/deploy/kubernetes-dashboard.yaml

修改配置内容，#——内是修改的内容，调整目的：部署 kubernetes-dashboard 到 default-namespaces，不暴露端口到 HostNode，调整版本为 1.5.0，imagePullPolicy 调整为 IfNotPresent。

kind: Deployment
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
metadata:
  labels:
    app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
#----------
#  namespace: kube-system
#----------
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: kubernetes-dashboard
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: kubernetes-dashboard
      annotations:
        scheduler.alpha.kubernetes.io/tolerations: |
          [
            {"key": "dedicated",
              "operator": "Equal",
              "value": "master",
              "effect": "NoSchedule"
            }
          ]
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: kubernetes-dashboard
        #----------
        image: gcr.io/google_containers/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.5.0
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        #----------
        ports:
        - containerPort: 9090
          protocol: TCP
        args:
          # Uncomment the following line to manually specify Kubernetes API server Host
          # If not specified, Dashboard will attempt to auto discover the API server and connect
          # to it. Uncomment only if the default does not work.
          # - --apiserver-host=http://my-address:port
        livenessProbe:
          httpGet:
            path: /
            port: 9090
          initialDelaySeconds: 30
          timeoutSeconds: 30
---
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
#----------
#  namespace: kube-system
#----------
spec:
#----------
#  type: NodePort
#----------
  ports:
  - port: 80
    targetPort: 9090
  selector:
    app: kubernetes-dashboard

9 Dashboard 服务暴露到公网

kubernetes 中的 Service 暴露到外部有三种方式，分别是：

• LoadBlancer Service
• NodePort Service
• Ingress

LoadBlancer Service 是 kubernetes 深度结合云平台的一个组件；当使用 LoadBlancer Service 暴露服务时，实际上是通过向底层云平台申请创建一个负载均衡器来向外暴露服务；目前 LoadBlancer Service 支持的云平台已经相对完善，比如国外的 GCE、DigitalOcean，国内的 阿里云，私有云 OpenStack 等等，由于 LoadBlancer Service 深度结合了云平台，所以只能在一些云平台上来使用。

NodePort Service 顾名思义，实质上就是通过在集群的每个 node 上暴露一个端口，然后将这个端口映射到某个具体的 service 来实现的，虽然每个 node 的端口有很多 (0~65535)，但是由于安全性和易用性(服务多了就乱了，还有端口冲突问题) 实际使用可能并不多。

Ingress 可以实现使用 nginx 等开源的反向代理负载均衡器实现对外暴露服务，可以理解 Ingress 就是用于配置域名转发的一个东西，在 nginx 中就类似 upstream，它与 ingress-controller 结合使用，通过 ingress-controller 监控到 pod 及 service 的变化，动态地将 ingress 中的转发信息写到诸如 nginx、apache、haproxy 等组件中实现方向代理和负载均衡。

9.1 部署 Nginx-ingress-controller

Nginx-ingress-controller是 kubernetes 官方提供的集成了 Ingress-controller 和 Nginx 的一个 docker 镜像。

apiVersion: v1
kind: ReplicationController
metadata:
  name: nginx-ingress-controller
  labels:
    k8s-app: nginx-ingress-lb
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    k8s-app: nginx-ingress-lb
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: nginx-ingress-lb
        name: nginx-ingress-lb
    spec:
      terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 60
      hostNetwork: true
      #本环境中的 minion02 节点有外网 IP，并且有 label 定义：External-IP=true
      nodeSelector:
        External-IP: true
      containers:
      - image: gcr.io/google_containers/nginx-ingress-controller:0.8.3
        name: nginx-ingress-lb
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        readinessProbe:
          httpGet:
            path: /healthz
            port: 10254
            scheme: HTTP
        livenessProbe:
          httpGet:
            path: /healthz
            port: 10254
            scheme: HTTP
          initialDelaySeconds: 10
          timeoutSeconds: 1
        env:
          - name: POD_NAME
            valueFrom:
              fieldRef:
                fieldPath: metadata.name
          - name: POD_NAMESPACE
            valueFrom:
              fieldRef:
                fieldPath: metadata.namespace
        args:
        - /nginx-ingress-controller
        - --default-backend-service=$(POD_NAMESPACE)/kubernetes-dashboard

9.2 部署 Ingress

apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: k8s-dashboard
spec:
  rules:
  - host: dashboard.linuxidc.com
    http:
      paths:
      - path: /
        backend:
          serviceName: kubernetes-dashboard
          servicePort: 80

部署完 Ingress 后，解析域名 dashboard.linuxidc.com 到 minion02 的外网 IP，就可以使用 dashboard.linuxidc.com 访问 dashboard。

Docker 中部署 Kubernetes http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2016-07/133020.htm

Kubernetes 集群部署  http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2015-12/125770.htm

OpenStack, Kubernetes, Mesos 谁主沉浮  http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2015-09/122696.htm

Kubernetes 集群搭建过程中遇到的问题及解决  http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2015-12/125735.htm

Kubernetes 集群部署  http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2015-12/125770.htm

Ubuntu 16.04 下安装搭建 Kubernetes 集群环境  http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-02/140555.htm

Kubernetes 的详细介绍：请点这里
Kubernetes 的下载地址：请点这里

本文永久更新链接地址：http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-02/140722.htm