CentOS 6.8编译安装LNMP

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搭建环境：CentOS 6.8，nginx 1.9.14，MySQL 5.6.23，php 5.6.17

一、目的：LNMP 如今已成为主流的 web 服务器搭建方案，公司内部的 ECstore，Discuz，计划用来替代 nagios+check_mk 监控平台的 Zabbix。均基于 LNMP。本次单机 LNMP 搭建为后续全面了解电商集群做准备，顺便记录搭建过程，作为以后搭建环境的参考。

二、LNMP 安装环境准备：
关闭防火墙及 selinux
service iptables stop
chkconfig iptables off
setenforce 0
vi /etc/sysconfig/selinux
SELINUX=disabled #enforcing 改为 disabled

依赖包安装

yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ autoconf libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel zlib zlib-devel glibc glibc-devel glib2 glib2-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel ncurses ncurses-devel curl curl-devel e2fsprogs e2fsprogs-devel krb5 krb5-devel libidn libidn-devel openssl openssl-devel openldap openldap-devel openldap-clients openldap-servers make libtool* git tree bison pcre-devel perl gd gd-devel

安装 libiconv（支持编码转换为函数）
tar xf libiconv-1.14.tar.gz
cd libiconv-1.14/
./configure –prefix=/usr/local
make && make install

安装 libmcrypt（加密算法扩展库，支持 DES, 3DES, RIJNDAEL, Twofish, IDEA, GOST, CAST-256, ARCFOUR, SERPENT, SAFER+ 等算法)
tar xf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
cd libmcrypt-2.5.8
./configure
make && make install
cd libltdl/
./configure –enable-ltdl-install #加载动态库
make && make install

安装 mhash（Mhash 是基于离散数学原理的不可逆向的 php 加密方式扩展库，其在默认情况下不开启。mhash 的可以用于创建校验数值，消息摘要，消息认证码，以及无需原文的关键信息保存）
1234 tar xf mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.bz2
cd mhash-0.9.9.9
./configure
make && make install

安装 mcript（mcrypt 是 php 里面重要的加密支持扩展库，Mcrypt 扩展库可以实现加密解密功能，就是既能将明文加密，也可以密文还原。）
123456 cd /usr/local/src
tar zxvf mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz
cd mcrypt-2.6.8/
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH #暂时生效
./configure
make && make install

亦可以通过以下两种方法增加库文件
12345678910 ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.la /usr/lib/libmcrypt.la
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.a /usr/lib/libmhash.a
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.la /usr/lib/libmhash.la
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so /usr/lib/libmhash.so
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1
ln -s /usr/local/bin/libmcrypt-config /usr/bin/libmcrypt-config

vim /etc/ld.so.conf
/usr/local/lib/
ldconfig

安装 cmake（MySQL 从 5.5 版本开始，通过./configure 进行编译配置方式已经被取消，取而代之的是 cmake 工具）

tar xf cmake-3.4.1.tar.gz
cd cmake-3.4.1
./bootstrap
make && make install

注：一起解压所有文件可采用：find /usr/local/src/*.tar.gz -exec tar xf {} \;
三、MySQL 编译安装

新增 mysql 用户
groupadd -r mysql
useradd -r -g mysql mysql

新建 MySQL 所需目录
mkdir -p /usr/local/mysql
mkdir -p /data/mysqldb

编译安装
tar xf mysql-5.6.23.tar.gz
cd mysql-5.6.23
cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data/mysqldb -DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 -DENABLE_DOWNLOADS=1-DSYSCONFDIR=/etc -DWITH_SSL=system -DWITH_ZLIB=system -DWITH_LIBWRAP=0
make&& make install

修改 mysql 目录权限
cd /usr/local/mysql
chown -R mysql:mysql .
cd /data/mysqldb
chown -R mysql:mysql .

初始化 mysql 数据库
cd /usr/local/mysql
./scripts/mysql_install_db –user=mysql –datadir=/data/mysqldb

编译修改 /etc/my.cnf

[mysql]

# CLIENT #
port = 3306
socket = /data/mysqldb/mysql.sock

[mysqld]

# GENERAL #
user = mysql
default-storage-engine = InnoDB
socket = /data/mysqldb/mysql.sock
pid-file = /data/mysqldb/mysql.pid

# MyISAM #
key-buffer-size = 32M
myisam-recover = FORCE,BACKUP

# SAFETY #
max-allowed-packet = 16M
max-connect-errors = 1000000

# DATA STORAGE #
datadir = /data/mysqldb/

# BINARY LOGGING #
log-bin = /data/mysqldb/mysql-bin
expire-logs-days = 14
sync-binlog = 1

# REPLICATION #
skip-slave-start = 1
relay-log = /data/mysqldb/relay-bin
slave-net-timeout = 60

# CACHES AND LIMITS #
tmp-table-size = 32M
max-heap-table-size = 32M
query-cache-type = 0
query-cache-size = 0
max-connections = 500
thread-cache-size = 50
open-files-limit = 65535
table-definition-cache = 4096
table-open-cache = 4096

# INNODB #
innodb-flush-method = O_DIRECT
innodb-log-files-in-group = 2
innodb-log-file-size = 64M
innodb-flush-log-at-trx-commit = 1
innodb-file-per-table = 1
innodb-buffer-pool-size = 592M

# LOGGING #
log-error = /data/mysqldb/mysql-error.log
log-queries-not-using-indexes = 1
slow-query-log = 1
slow-query-log-file = /data/mysqldb/mysql-slow.log

复制 MySQL 启动文件及其命令加入 PATH
cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
vim /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/mysql/lib:$PATH
export PATH
source /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh

启动 MySQL 并增加启动项
service mysqld start
chkconfig mysqld on

设置 MySQL 登录权限
drop user ”@localhost;
drop user ”@hostname;
update mysql.user set password=password(‘*******’);
flush privileges;

四、Nginx 编译安装
新增 nginx 用户

groupadd -r nginx
useradd -g nginx -r nginx

创建所需要目录
mkdir -pv /var/tmp/nginx/client

编译安装 nginx
tar xf nginx-1.9.14.tar.gz
cd nginx-1.9.14
./configure –prefix=/usr/local/nginx –sbin-path=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx –conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf –error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log –http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log –pid-path=/var/run/nginx/nginx.pid –lock-path=/var/lock/nginx.lock –user=nginx –group=nginx –with-http_ssl_module –with-http_flv_module –with-http_stub_status_module –with-http_gzip_static_module –http-client-body-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/client/ –http-proxy-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/proxy/ –http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/fcgi/ –http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/uwsgi –http-scgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/scgi –with-pcre
make && make install

编辑启动脚本
vim /etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx

#!/bin/sh
#
# nginx – this script starts and stops the nginx daemon
#
# chkconfig: – 85 15
# description: Nginx is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse \
# proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server
# processname: nginx
# config: /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
# config: /etc/sysconfig/nginx
# pidfile: /var/run/nginx.pid

# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions

# Source networking configuration.
. /etc/sysconfig/network

# Check that networking is up.
[“$NETWORKING” = “no”] && exit 0

nginx=”/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx”
prog=$(basename $nginx)

NGINX_CONF_FILE=”/etc/nginx/nginx.conf”

[-f /etc/sysconfig/nginx] && . /etc/sysconfig/nginx

lockfile=/var/lock/subsys/nginx

make_dirs() {
# make required directories
user=`nginx -V 2>&1 | grep “configure arguments:” | sed ‘s/[^*]*–user=$[^]*$.*/\1/g’ -`
options=`$nginx -V 2>&1 | grep ‘configure arguments:’`
for opt in $options; do
if [`echo $opt | grep ‘.*-temp-path’`]; then
value=`echo $opt | cut -d “=” -f 2`
if [! -d “$value”]; then
# echo “creating” $value
mkdir -p $value && chown -R $user $value
fi
fi
done
}

start() {
[-x $nginx] || exit 5
[-f $NGINX_CONF_FILE] || exit 6
make_dirs
echo -n $”Starting $prog: ”
daemon $nginx -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
retval=$?
echo
[$retval -eq 0] && touch $lockfile
return $retval
}

stop() {
echo -n $”Stopping $prog: ”
killproc $prog -QUIT
retval=$?
echo
[$retval -eq 0] && rm -f $lockfile
return $retval
}

restart() {
configtest || return $?
stop
sleep 1
start
}

reload() {
configtest || return $?
echo -n $”Reloading $prog: ”
killproc $nginx -HUP
RETVAL=$?
echo
}

force_reload() {
restart
}

configtest() {
$nginx -t -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
}

rh_status() {
status $prog
}

rh_status_q() {
rh_status >/dev/null 2>&1
}

case “$1” in
start)
rh_status_q && exit 0
$1
;;
stop)
rh_status_q || exit 0
$1
;;
restart|configtest)
$1
;;
reload)
rh_status_q || exit 7
$1
;;
force-reload)
force_reload
;;
status)
rh_status
;;
condrestart|try-restart)
rh_status_q || exit 0
;;
*)
echo $”Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart|condrestart|try-restart|reload|force-reload|configtest}”
exit 2
esac

设置开机启动并启动服务
chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx
chkconfig –add nginx
chkconfig nginx on
service nginx start

五、PHP 编译安装
解决 php 安装的库依赖关系

cp -frp /usr/lib64/libldap* /usr/lib/
echo /usr/local/mysql/lib >> /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql-x86_64.conf
ldconfig -v

编译安装 php
tar xf php-5.6.17.tar.gz
cd php-5.6.17
./configure –prefix=/usr/local/php –with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql –with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config –with-iconv-dir=/usr/local –with-openssl –enable-mbstring –with-freetype-dir –with-jpeg-dir –with-png-dir –with-zlib –with-libxml-dir=/usr –enable-xml –disable-rpath –enable-bcmath –enable-shmop –enable-sysvsem –enable-inline-optimization –enable-mbregex –enable-mbstring –with-gd –enable-gd-native-ttf –with-mhash –enable-pcntl –enable-sockets –with-mcrypt –with-ldap –with-ldap-sasl–with-xmlrpc –enable-zip –enable-soap –with-bz2 –with-config-file-path=/etc –enable-fpm –with-config-file-scan-dir=/etc/php.d –enable-maintainer-zts
make ZEND_EXTRA_LIBS=’-liconv’
make install

复制 PHP 配置文件
cp php.ini-production /etc/php.ini

复制 php-fpm 配置文件
cp /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf

设置 php-fpm 启动脚本并开机启动
cp sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/rc.d/init.d/php-fpm
chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/php-fpm
chkconfig –add php-fpm
chkconfig php-fpm on
service php-fpm start

六、web 功能基本实现
nginx,php 功能整合
vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
#location ~ \.php$ {
# root html;
# fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
# fastcgi_index index.php;
# fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
# include fastcgi_params;
#}
# 修改为
location ~ \.php$ {
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}

增加 LNMP 测试页面

vim /usr/local/nginx/html/test.php
<?php
$link = mysql_connect(‘127.0.0.1′,’root’,’you_passwd’);
if($link)
echo “It’s OK,Frank”;
else
echo “Failed,Frank”;
mysql_close;
phpinfo();
?>

nginx 重载
service nginx reload

访问 http://ip/test.php,LNMP 测试成功。

七、后记
从去年底开始，LAMP,LNMP 断断续续搭建过多次，搭建时磕磕碰碰，完成后就会忘记，估计是基础不牢的原因。虽然本次搭建中间也有些许不顺，但决定写博文之后，还是有点小压力，前前后后验证了两遍，还是可以保证可行性的。本次 nginx，php 的配置优化及插件均未涉及，后续文中将陆续补上。

Ubuntu 14.04 LTS 安装 LNMP Nginx\PHP5 (PHP-FPM)\MySQL http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2014-05/102351.htm

Ubuntu 13.04 安装 LAMP\Vsftpd\Webmin\phpMyAdmin 服务及设置 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-06/86250.htm

CentOS 6.4 下的 LNMP 生产环境搭建及安装脚本 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-11/92428.htm

生产环境实用之 LNMP 架构的编译安装 +SSL 加密实现 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-05/85099.htm

LNMP 全功能编译安装 for CentOS 6.3 笔记 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-05/83788.htm

CentOS 6.3 安装 LNMP (PHP 5.4,MyySQL5.6) http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-04/82069.htm

在部署 LNMP 的时候遇到 Nginx 启动失败的 2 个问题 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-03/81120.htm

Ubuntu 安装 Nginx php5-fpm MySQL(LNMP 环境搭建) http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2012-10/72458.htm

更多 CentOS 相关信息见CentOS 专题页面 http://www.linuxidc.com/topicnews.aspx?tid=14