共计 9805 个字符，预计需要花费 25 分钟才能阅读完成。
MariaDB Proxy 读写分离的实现
1. 创建用于存储数据目录 lvm 设备
安装 mysql-proxy-0.8.3
MariaDB 的详细介绍：请点这里
MariaDB 的下载地址：请点这里
————————————– 分割线 ————————————–
推荐阅读：
在 CentOS/RHEL/Scientific Linux 6 下安装 LAMP (Apache with MariaDB and PHP) http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-07/86755.htm
Haproxy+Keepalived 搭建 Weblogic 高可用负载均衡集群 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-09/89732.htm
Keepalived+HAProxy 配置高可用负载均衡 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2012-03/56748.htm
CentOS 6.3 下 Haproxy+Keepalived+Apache 配置笔记 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-06/85598.htm
Haproxy + KeepAlived 实现 WEB 群集 on CentOS 6 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2012-03/55672.htm
Haproxy+Keepalived 构建高可用负载均衡 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2012-03/55880.htm
————————————– 分割线 ————————————–
为 mysql-proxy 提供 SysV 服务脚本，内容如下所示
# vim /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql-proxy
#!/bin/bash
#
# mysql-proxy Thisscript starts and stops the mysql-proxy daemon
#
# chkconfig: – 7830
# processname:mysql-proxy
# description:mysql-proxy is a proxy daemon for mysql
# Source functionlibrary.
./etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
prog=”/usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin/mysql-proxy”
# Sourcenetworking configuration.
if [-f/etc/sysconfig/network]; then
. /etc/sysconfig/network
fi
# Check thatnetworking is up.
[${NETWORKING} = “no”] && exit 0
# Set defaultmysql-proxy configuration.
ADMIN_USER=”admin”
ADMIN_PASSWD=”admin”
ADMIN_LUA_SCRIPT=”/usr/local/mysql-proxy/share/doc/mysql-proxy/admin.lua”
PROXY_OPTIONS=”–daemon”
PROXY_PID=/var/run/mysql-proxy.pid
PROXY_USER=”mysql-proxy”
# Sourcemysql-proxy configuration.
if [-f/etc/sysconfig/mysql-proxy]; then
. /etc/sysconfig/mysql-proxy
fi
RETVAL=0
start() {
echo -n $”Starting $prog: “
daemon $prog $PROXY_OPTIONS–pid-file=$PROXY_PID –proxy-address=”$PROXY_ADDRESS”–user=$PROXY_USER –admin-username=”$ADMIN_USER”–admin-lua-script=”$ADMIN_LUA_SCRIPT”–admin-password=”$ADMIN_PASSWORD”
RETVAL=$?
echo
if [$RETVAL -eq 0]; then
touch /var/lock/subsys/mysql-proxy
fi
}
stop() {
echo -n $”Stopping $prog: “
killproc -p $PROXY_PID -d 3 $prog
RETVAL=$?
echo
if [$RETVAL -eq 0]; then
rm -f /var/lock/subsys/mysql-proxy
rm -f $PROXY_PID
fi
}
# See how we werecalled.
case”$1″ in
start)
start
;;
stop)
stop
;;
restart)
stop
start
;;
condrestart|try-restart)
if status -p $PROXY_PIDFILE $prog>&/dev/null; then
stop
start
fi
;;
status)
status -p $PROXY_PID $prog
;;
*)
echo “Usage: $0{start|stop|restart|reload|status|condrestart|try-restart}”
RETVAL=1
;;
esac
exit$RETVAL
将上述内容保存为 /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql-proxy，给予执行权限，而后加入到服务列表。
# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql-proxy
# chkconfig –add mysql-proxy
更多详情见请继续阅读下一页的精彩内容：http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2014-05/101306p2.htm
为服务脚本提供配置文件 /etc/sysconfig/mysql-proxy，内容如下所示：
# Options formysql-proxy
ADMIN_USER=”admin”
ADMIN_PASSWORD=”admin”
ADMIN_ADDRESS=””
ADMIN_LUA_SCRIPT=”/usr/local/mysql-proxy/share/doc/mysql-proxy/admin.lua”
PROXY_ADDRESS=””
PROXY_USER=”mysql-proxy”
PROXY_OPTIONS=”–daemon–log-level=info –log-use-syslog”
其中最后一行，需要按实际场景进行修改，例如：
PROXY_OPTIONS=”–daemon–log-level=info –log-use-syslog –plugins=proxy –plugins=admin–proxy-backend-addresses=172.16.251.68:3306–proxy-read-only-backend-addresses=172.16.251.69:3306–proxy-lua-script=/usr/local/mysql-proxy/share/doc/mysql-proxy/rw-splitting.lua”
其中的 proxy-backend-addresses 选项和 proxy-read-only-backend-addresses 选项均可重复使用多次，以实现指定多个读写服务器或只读服务器。
复制如下内容建立 admin.lua 文件，将其保存至 /usr/local/mysql-proxy/share/doc/mysql-proxy/ 目录中。
–[[$%BEGINLICENSE%$
Copyright (c) 2007, 2012, Oracle and/or itsaffiliates. All rights reserved.
This program is free software; you canredistribute it and/or
modify it under the terms of the GNU GeneralPublic License as
published by the Free Software Foundation;version 2 of the
License.
This program is distributed in the hope thatit will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even theimplied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULARPURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNUGeneral Public License
along with this program; if not, write to theFree Software
Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor,Boston, MA
02110-1301USA
$%ENDLICENSE%$ –]]
functionset_error(errmsg)
proxy.response = {
type = proxy.MYSQLD_PACKET_ERR,
errmsg = errmsg or “error”
}
end
functionread_query(packet)
if packet:byte() ~= proxy.COM_QUERY then
set_error(“[admin] we only handletext-based queries (COM_QUERY)”)
return proxy.PROXY_SEND_RESULT
end
local query = packet:sub(2)
local rows = {}
local fields = {}
if query:lower() == “select * frombackends” then
fields = {
{name = “backend_ndx”,
type = proxy.MYSQL_TYPE_LONG },
{name = “address”,
type = proxy.MYSQL_TYPE_STRING },
{name = “state”,
type = proxy.MYSQL_TYPE_STRING },
{name = “type”,
type = proxy.MYSQL_TYPE_STRING },
{name = “uuid”,
type = proxy.MYSQL_TYPE_STRING },
{name =”connected_clients”,
type = proxy.MYSQL_TYPE_LONG },
}
for i = 1, #proxy.global.backends do
local states = {
“unknown”,
“up”,
“down”
}
local types = {
“unknown”,
“rw”,
“ro”
}
local b = proxy.global.backends[i]
rows[#rows + 1] = {
i,
b.dst.name,– configured backend address
states[b.state + 1], — the C-idis pushed down starting at 0
types[b.type + 1],– the C-id is pushed down starting at 0
b.uuid,– the MySQL Server’s UUID if itis managed
b.connected_clients– currently connected clients
}
end
elseif query:lower() == “select * fromhelp” then
fields = {
{name = “command”,
type =proxy.MYSQL_TYPE_STRING },
{name = “description”,
type = proxy.MYSQL_TYPE_STRING },
}
rows[#rows + 1] = {“SELECT * FROMhelp”, “shows this help”}
rows[#rows + 1] = {“SELECT * FROMbackends”, “lists the backends and their state”}
else
set_error(“use ‘SELECT * FROM help’to see the supported commands”)
return proxy.PROXY_SEND_RESULT
end
proxy.response = {
type = proxy.MYSQLD_PACKET_OK,
resultset = {
fields = fields,
rows = rows
}
}
return proxy.PROXY_SEND_RESULT
end
仅启动 mysql-proxy 就可以了，不要启动 MariaDB, 否则你只会看到 mysql 的 3306 端口
# service mysql-proxy start
# ss –tnl|egrep “:3306|:4401”
LISTEN 0 128 *:4041 *:* users:((“mysql-proxy”,3592,11))
LISTEN 0 128 *:3306 *:* users:((“mysql-proxy”,3592,10))
MariaDB Proxy 读写分离的实现
1. 创建用于存储数据目录 lvm 设备
安装 mysql-proxy-0.8.3
MariaDB 的详细介绍：请点这里
MariaDB 的下载地址：请点这里
————————————– 分割线 ————————————–
推荐阅读：
在 CentOS/RHEL/Scientific Linux 6 下安装 LAMP (Apache with MariaDB and PHP) http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-07/86755.htm
Haproxy+Keepalived 搭建 Weblogic 高可用负载均衡集群 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-09/89732.htm
Keepalived+HAProxy 配置高可用负载均衡 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2012-03/56748.htm
CentOS 6.3 下 Haproxy+Keepalived+Apache 配置笔记 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-06/85598.htm
Haproxy + KeepAlived 实现 WEB 群集 on CentOS 6 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2012-03/55672.htm
Haproxy+Keepalived 构建高可用负载均衡 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2012-03/55880.htm
————————————– 分割线 ————————————–
为 mysql-proxy 提供 SysV 服务脚本，内容如下所示
# vim /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql-proxy
#!/bin/bash
#
# mysql-proxy Thisscript starts and stops the mysql-proxy daemon
#
# chkconfig: – 7830
# processname:mysql-proxy
# description:mysql-proxy is a proxy daemon for mysql
# Source functionlibrary.
./etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
prog=”/usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin/mysql-proxy”
# Sourcenetworking configuration.
if [-f/etc/sysconfig/network]; then
. /etc/sysconfig/network
fi
# Check thatnetworking is up.
[${NETWORKING} = “no”] && exit 0
# Set defaultmysql-proxy configuration.
ADMIN_USER=”admin”
ADMIN_PASSWD=”admin”
ADMIN_LUA_SCRIPT=”/usr/local/mysql-proxy/share/doc/mysql-proxy/admin.lua”
PROXY_OPTIONS=”–daemon”
PROXY_PID=/var/run/mysql-proxy.pid
PROXY_USER=”mysql-proxy”
# Sourcemysql-proxy configuration.
if [-f/etc/sysconfig/mysql-proxy]; then
. /etc/sysconfig/mysql-proxy
fi
RETVAL=0
start() {
echo -n $”Starting $prog: “
daemon $prog $PROXY_OPTIONS–pid-file=$PROXY_PID –proxy-address=”$PROXY_ADDRESS”–user=$PROXY_USER –admin-username=”$ADMIN_USER”–admin-lua-script=”$ADMIN_LUA_SCRIPT”–admin-password=”$ADMIN_PASSWORD”
RETVAL=$?
echo
if [$RETVAL -eq 0]; then
touch /var/lock/subsys/mysql-proxy
fi
}
stop() {
echo -n $”Stopping $prog: “
killproc -p $PROXY_PID -d 3 $prog
RETVAL=$?
echo
if [$RETVAL -eq 0]; then
rm -f /var/lock/subsys/mysql-proxy
rm -f $PROXY_PID
fi
}
# See how we werecalled.
case”$1″ in
start)
start
;;
stop)
stop
;;
restart)
stop
start
;;
condrestart|try-restart)
if status -p $PROXY_PIDFILE $prog>&/dev/null; then
stop
start
fi
;;
status)
status -p $PROXY_PID $prog
;;
*)
echo “Usage: $0{start|stop|restart|reload|status|condrestart|try-restart}”
RETVAL=1
;;
esac
exit$RETVAL
将上述内容保存为 /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql-proxy，给予执行权限，而后加入到服务列表。
# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql-proxy
# chkconfig –add mysql-proxy
更多详情见请继续阅读下一页的精彩内容：http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2014-05/101306p2.htm
MySQL Master端
在 MySQL Master 端 (172.16.251.69) 授权
#mysql
mysql> GRANT ALL ON*.* TO ‘admin’@’172.16.%.%’ IDENTIFIED BY ‘admin’;
mysql> FLUSHPRIVILEGES;
MySQL Slave端
在 MySQL Slave 端的数据库上查看是否有授权的用户
测试
下面的操作均在 Maridb Proxy(172.16.251.70)上执行
管理功能测试
此时，若我们还试图以传统的方式连接 Mysql 的话，很显然是会失败的，如下：
# mysql
ERROR 2002(HY000): Can’t connect to local MySQL server through socket ‘/tmp/mysql.sock'(2 “No such file or directory”)
正确的方式：
[root@station150 ~]#mysql-uadmin -padmin -h172.16.251.70 –port=4041
Welcome to theMariaDB monitor.Commands end with ; or\g.
Your MySQLconnection id is 1
Server version:5.0.99-agent-admin
MySQL [(none)]> SELECT* FROM HELP;
MySQL [(none)]>SELECT * FROM backends;
+————-+——————–+———+——+——+——————-+
| backend_ndx |address| state| type | uuid | connected_clients |
+————-+——————–+———+——+——+——————-+
|1 | 172.16.251.69:3306 | unknown |rw| NULL |0 |
|2 | 172.16.251.68:3306 | unknown |ro| NULL |0 |
+————-+——————–+———+——+——+——————-+
2 rows in set (0.01sec)
读写分离测试
通过 MariadbProxy(172.16.251.70)访问 Master MySQL(172.16.251.69)的数据库
# mysql -uadmin-padmin -h172.16.251.70 [–port=3306]
(1)测试写操作
# mysql -uadmin -padmin-h172.16.251.70
然后分别去 Master 端和 Slave 端，验证是否能看通过 Mariadb Proxy 新建的 mydb1 数据库
通过 Mariadb Proxy 删除 hellodb 数据库及其中的数据，并验证
MariaDB Proxy 70
执行批量导入数据的操作：
验证读写分离的最好办法是：分别在 Master(可读写)，Slave(只读)上使用 tcpdump 抓包工具，看可以捕捉到哪种操作的数据报文
测试读操作
在 Master 上捕获到的和读写操作相关的报文
由于在 Master 上可以进行读写操作，所以当读 (查询) 操作较少的时候，基本上 Master 自身就处理了，
所以想要验证效果就必须批量导入数据或执行查询操作。
在 MariadbProxy(70)执行批量读操作
# for i in `seq10`;do mysql -uadmin -padmin -h172.16.251.70 -e “select * fromhellodb.classes where ClassID=$i”;done
下面是批量执行读操作时，在 Slave 上捕获到的和读写操作相关的报文
朋友，还记得之前在 MariaDBProxy 上执行 SELECT * FROM backends; 时 state 栏的状态信息吗？
刚开执行读写操作的时候，只有 Master(172.16.251.69)的 state 是 up 状态，而在我批量执行读操作之后，
现在 Slave(172.16.251.68)的 state 也变成了 up 状态，表示 Slave 端已接受到了读请求
HAproxy 的详细介绍：请点这里
HAproxy 的下载地址：请点这里
