MySQL中interactive_timeout和wait_timeout的区别

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在用 MySQL 客户端对数据库进行操作时，打开终端窗口，如果一段时间没有操作，再次操作时，常常会报如下错误：

ERROR 2013 (HY000): Lost connection to MySQL server during query

ERROR 2006 (HY000): MySQL server has gone away
No connection. Trying to reconnect...

这个报错信息就意味着当前的连接已经断开，需要重新建立连接。

那么，连接的时长是如何确认的？

其实，这个与 interactive_timeout 和 wait_timeout 的设置有关。

首先，看看官方文档对于这两个参数的定义

interactive_timeout

默认是 28800，单位秒，即 8 个小时

The number of seconds the server waits for activity on an interactive connection before closing it. An interactive client is defined as a client that uses the CLIENT_INTERACTIVE option to mysql_real_connect(). See also wait_timeout.

wait_timeout

默认同样是 28800s

The number of seconds the server waits for activity on a noninteractive connection before closing it.

On thread startup, the session wait_timeout value is initialized from the global wait_timeout value or from the global interactive_timeout value, depending on the type of client (as defined by the CLIENT_INTERACTIVE connect option to mysql_real_connect()). See also interactive_timeout.

根据上述定义，两者的区别显而易见

1> interactive_timeout 针对交互式连接，wait_timeout 针对非交互式连接。所谓的交互式连接，即在 mysql_real_connect() 函数中使用了 CLIENT_INTERACTIVE 选项。

说得直白一点，通过 mysql 客户端连接数据库是交互式连接，通过 jdbc 连接数据库是非交互式连接。

2> 在连接启动的时候，根据连接的类型，来确认会话变量 wait_timeout 的值是继承于全局变量 wait_timeout，还是 interactive_timeout。

下面来测试一下，确认如下问题

1. 控制连接最大空闲时长的是哪个参数。

2. 会话变量 wait_timeout 的继承问题

Q1：控制连接最大空闲时长的是哪个参数

A1：wait_timeout

验证

只修改 wait_timeout 参数

mysql> select variable_name,variable_value from information_schema.session_variables where variable_name in ('interactive_timeout','wait_timeout');
+---------------------+----------------+
| variable_name       | variable_value |
+---------------------+----------------+
| INTERACTIVE_TIMEOUT | 28800          |
| WAIT_TIMEOUT        | 28800          |
+---------------------+----------------+
2 rows in set (0.03 sec)

mysql> set session WAIT_TIMEOUT=10;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
------- 等待 10s 后再执行
mysql> select variable_name,variable_value from information_schema.session_variables where variable_name in ('interactive_timeout','wait_timeout');
ERROR 2013 (HY000): Lost connection to MySQL server during query

可以看到，等待 10s 后再执行操作，连接已经断开。

只修改 interactive_timeout 参数

mysql> select variable_name,variable_value from information_schema.session_variables where variable_name in ('interactive_timeout','wait_timeout');
+---------------------+----------------+
| variable_name       | variable_value |
+---------------------+----------------+
| INTERACTIVE_TIMEOUT | 28800          |
| WAIT_TIMEOUT        | 28800          |
+---------------------+----------------+
2 rows in set (0.06 sec)

mysql> set session INTERACTIVE_TIMEOUT=10;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
---------- 等待 10s 后执行
mysql> select variable_name,variable_value from information_schema.session_variables where variable_name in ('interactive_timeout','wait_timeout');
+---------------------+----------------+
| variable_name       | variable_value |
+---------------------+----------------+
| INTERACTIVE_TIMEOUT | 10             |
| WAIT_TIMEOUT        | 28800          |
+---------------------+----------------+
2 rows in set (0.06 sec)

Q2：会话变量 wait_timeout 的继承问题

A2：如果是交互式连接，则继承全局变量 interactive_timeout 的值，如果是非交互式连接，则继承全局变量 wait_timeout 的值。

验证：

只修改全局变量 interactive_timeout 的值

mysql> select variable_name,variable_value from information_schema.global_variables where variable_name in ('interactive_timeout','wait_timeout'); 
+---------------------+----------------+
| variable_name       | variable_value |
+---------------------+----------------+
| INTERACTIVE_TIMEOUT | 28800          |
| WAIT_TIMEOUT        | 28800          |
+---------------------+----------------+
2 rows in set (0.13 sec)

mysql> set global INTERACTIVE_TIMEOUT=10;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select variable_name,variable_value from information_schema.global_variables where variable_name in ('interactive_timeout','wait_timeout');
+---------------------+----------------+
| variable_name       | variable_value |
+---------------------+----------------+
| INTERACTIVE_TIMEOUT | 10             |
| WAIT_TIMEOUT        | 28800          |
+---------------------+----------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

开启另外一个 mysql 客户端，查看会话变量的值

mysql> select variable_name,variable_value from information_schema.session_variables where variable_name in ('interactive_timeout','wait_timeout');
+---------------------+----------------+
| variable_name       | variable_value |
+---------------------+----------------+
| INTERACTIVE_TIMEOUT | 10             |
| WAIT_TIMEOUT        | 10             |
+---------------------+----------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

发现，WAIT_TIMEOUT 的值已经变为 10 了。

但通过 jdbc 测试，wait_timeout 的值依旧是 28800

public class Jdbc_test {@SuppressWarnings("static-access")
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {Connection conn = null;
         Statement stmt = null;
         ResultSet rs = null;
         String url = "jdbc:mysql://192.168.244.10:3306/test";
         String user = "root";
         String password = "123456";
         Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
         conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);
         stmt = conn.createStatement();
         String sql = "select variable_name,variable_value from information_schema.session_variables where variable_name in ('interactive_timeout','wait_timeout')";
         rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql);
         while (rs.next()) {
             System.out
                     .println(rs.getString(1)+":"+rs.getString(2));
         }
    }
}

结果输出如下：

INTERACTIVE_TIMEOUT:  10
WAIT_TIMEOUT:  28800

只修改全局变量 wait_timeout 的值

mysql> select variable_name,variable_value from information_schema.global_variables where variable_name in ('interactive_timeout','wa
it_timeout');+---------------------+----------------+
| variable_name       | variable_value |
+---------------------+----------------+
| INTERACTIVE_TIMEOUT | 28800          |
| WAIT_TIMEOUT        | 28800          |
+---------------------+----------------+
2 rows in set (0.17 sec)

mysql> set global WAIT_TIMEOUT=20;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.07 sec)

mysql> select variable_name,variable_value from information_schema.global_variables where variable_name in ('interactive_timeout','wa
it_timeout');+---------------------+----------------+
| variable_name       | variable_value |
+---------------------+----------------+
| INTERACTIVE_TIMEOUT | 28800          |
| WAIT_TIMEOUT        | 20             |
+---------------------+----------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

开启另外一个 mysql 客户端，查看会话变量的值

mysql> select variable_name,variable_value from information_schema.session_variables where variable_name in ('interactive_timeout','wait_timeout');
+---------------------+----------------+
| variable_name       | variable_value |
+---------------------+----------------+
| INTERACTIVE_TIMEOUT | 28800          |
| WAIT_TIMEOUT        | 28800          |
+---------------------+----------------+
2 rows in set (0.03 sec)

WAIT_TIMEOUT 的值依旧是 28800.

查看 jdbc 的结果

public class Jdbc_test {@SuppressWarnings("static-access")
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {Connection conn = null;
         Statement stmt = null;
         ResultSet rs = null;
         String url = "jdbc:mysql://192.168.244.10:3306/test";
         String user = "root";
         String password = "123456";
         Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
         conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);
         stmt = conn.createStatement();
         String sql = "select variable_name,variable_value from information_schema.session_variables where variable_name in ('interactive_timeout','wait_timeout')";
         rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql);
         while (rs.next()) {
             System.out
                     .println(rs.getString(1)+":"+rs.getString(2));
         }
         Thread.currentThread().sleep(21000);
         sql = "select 1 from dual";
         rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql);
         while (rs.next()) {
             System.out
                     .println(rs.getInt(1));
         }

    }
}

查看 jdbc 的结果

INTERACTIVE_TIMEOUT:  28800
WAIT_TIMEOUT:  20

同时，新增了一段程序，等待 20s 后，再次执行查询，报如下错误：

Exception in thread "main" com.mysql.jdbc.exceptions.jdbc4.CommunicationsException: Communications link failure

Last packet sent to the server was 12 ms ago.
    at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(Unknown Source)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(Unknown Source)
    at Java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Unknown Source)
    at com.mysql.jdbc.Util.handleNewInstance(Util.java:406)
    at com.mysql.jdbc.SQLError.createCommunicationsException(SQLError.java:1074)
    at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.reuseAndReadPacket(MysqlIO.java:3009)
    at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.reuseAndReadPacket(MysqlIO.java:2895)
    at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.checkErrorPacket(MysqlIO.java:3438)
    at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.sendCommand(MysqlIO.java:1951)
    at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.sqlQueryDirect(MysqlIO.java:2101)
    at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.execSQL(ConnectionImpl.java:2548)
    at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.execSQL(ConnectionImpl.java:2477)
    at com.mysql.jdbc.StatementImpl.executeQuery(StatementImpl.java:1422)
    at com.victor_01.Jdbc_test.main(Jdbc_test.java:29)
Caused by: java.net.SocketException: Software caused connection abort: recv failed
    at java.net.SocketInputStream.socketRead0(Native Method)
    at java.net.SocketInputStream.socketRead(Unknown Source)
    at java.net.SocketInputStream.read(Unknown Source)
    at java.net.SocketInputStream.read(Unknown Source)
    at com.mysql.jdbc.util.ReadAheadInputStream.fill(ReadAheadInputStream.java:113)
    at com.mysql.jdbc.util.ReadAheadInputStream.readFromUnderlyingStreamIfNecessary(ReadAheadInputStream.java:160)
    at com.mysql.jdbc.util.ReadAheadInputStream.read(ReadAheadInputStream.java:188)
    at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.readFully(MysqlIO.java:2452)
    at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.reuseAndReadPacket(MysqlIO.java:2906)
    ... 8 more

总结

1. 控制连接最大空闲时长的 wait_timeout 参数。

2. 对于非交互式连接，类似于 jdbc 连接，wait_timeout 的值继承自服务器端全局变量 wait_timeout。

对于交互式连接，类似于 mysql 客户单连接，wait_timeout 的值继承自服务器端全局变量 interactive_timeout。

3. 判断一个连接的空闲时间，可通过 show processlist 输出中 Sleep 状态的时间

mysql> show processlist;
+----+------+----------------------+------+---------+------+-------+------------------+
| Id | User | Host                 | db   | Command | Time | State | Info             |
+----+------+----------------------+------+---------+------+-------+------------------+
|  2 | root | localhost            | NULL | Query   |    0 | init  | show processlist |
|  6 | repl | 192.168.244.20:44641 | NULL | Sleep   | 1154 |       | NULL             |
+----+------+----------------------+------+---------+------+-------+------------------+
2 rows in set (0.03 sec)