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1. 背景
MySQL 数据库的集中化运维，可以通过在一台服务器上，部署运行多个 MySQL 服务进程，通过不同的 socket 监听不同的服务端口来提供各自的服务。各个实例之间是相互独立的，每个实例的 datadir, port, socket, pid 都是不同的。
2. 多实例特点
* 有效利用服务器资源，当单个服务器资源有剩余时，可以充分利用剩余的资源提供更多的服务。
* 资源互相抢占问题，当某个服务实例服务并发很高时或者开启慢查询时，会消耗更多的内存、CPU、磁盘 IO 资源，导致服务器上的其他实例提供服务的质量下降。
3. 环境 [关闭 SeLinux]
[root@MySQL ~]# cat /etc/RedHat-release
CentOS release 6.9 (Final)
[root@MySQL ~]# uname -r
2.6.32-696.3.2.el6.x86_64
[root@MySQL ~]# getenforce
Disabled
4. 部署 [4 个实例]
* 下载 MySQL 5.7 二制包 [推荐官方下载] 此下载版本大于 5.7.5
[root@MySQL ~]# wget wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz
* 解压 MySQL 5.7 二进制包到指定目录
[root@MySQL ~]# tar zxvf mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
* 创建 MySQL 软链接
[root@MySQL ~]# ln -s /usr/local/mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql
* 创建 MySQL 用户
[root@MySQL ~]# useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin mysql
* 在 MySQL 二进制包目录中创建 mysql-files 目录 [MySQL 数据导入 / 导出数据专放目录]
[root@MySQL ~]# mkdir -v /usr/local/mysql/mysql-files
mkdir: created directory `/usr/local/mysql/mysql-files’
* 创建多实例数据目录
[root@MySQL ~]# mkdir -vp /data/mysql_data{1..4}
mkdir: created directory `/data’
mkdir: created directory `/data/mysql_data1′
mkdir: created directory `/data/mysql_data2′
mkdir: created directory `/data/mysql_data3′
mkdir: created directory `/data/mysql_data4′
* 修改 MySQL 二进制包目录的所属用户与所属组
1 [root@MySQL ~]# chown root.mysql -R /usr/local/mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64
* 修改 MySQL 多实例数据目录与 数据导入 / 导出专放目录的所属用户与所属组
[root@MySQL ~]# chown mysql.mysql -R /usr/local/mysql/mysql-files /data/mysql_data{1..4}
* 配置 MySQL 配置文件 /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld_multi]
mysqld = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld
mysqladmin = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin
log = /tmp/mysql_multi.log
[mysqld1]
# 设置数据目录 [多实例中一定要不同]
datadir = /data/mysql_data1
# 设置 sock 存放文件名 [多实例中一定要不同]
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock1
# 设置监听开放端口 [多实例中一定要不同]
port = 3306
# 设置运行用户
user = mysql
# 关闭监控
performance_schema = off
# 设置 innodb 缓存大小
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 32M
# 设置监听 IP 地址
bind_address = 0.0.0.0
# 关闭 DNS 反向解析
skip-name-resolve = 0
[mysqld2]
datadir = /data/mysql_data2
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock2
port = 3307
user = mysql
performance_schema = off
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 32M
bind_address = 0.0.0.0
skip-name-resolve = 0
[mysqld3]
datadir = /data/mysql_data3
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock3
port = 3308
user = mysql
performance_schema = off
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 32M
bind_address = 0.0.0.0
skip-name-resolve = 0
[mysqld4]
datadir = /data/mysql_data4
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock4
port = 3309
user = mysql
performance_schema = off
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 32M
bind_address = 0.0.0.0
skip-name-resolve = 0
* 初始化各个实例 [初始化完成后会自带随机密码在输出日志中]
[root@MySQL ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld –initialize –user=mysql –basedir=/usr/local/mysql –datadir=/data/mysql_data1
[root@MySQL ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld –initialize –user=mysql –basedir=/usr/local/mysql –datadir=/data/mysql_data2
[root@MySQL ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld –initialize –user=mysql –basedir=/usr/local/mysql –datadir=/data/mysql_data3
[root@MySQL ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld –initialize –user=mysql –basedir=/usr/local/mysql –datadir=/data/mysql_data4
* 各实例开启 SSL 连接
[root@MySQL ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup –user=mysql –basedir=/usr/local/mysql –datadir=/data/mysql_data1
[root@MySQL ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup –user=mysql –basedir=/usr/local/mysql –datadir=/data/mysql_data2
[root@MySQL ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup –user=mysql –basedir=/usr/local/mysql –datadir=/data/mysql_data3
[root@MySQL ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup –user=mysql –basedir=/usr/local/mysql –datadir=/data/mysql_data4
* 复制多实例脚本到服务管理目录下 [/etc/init.d/]
[root@MySQL ~]# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysqld_multi.server /etc/init.d/mysqld_multi
* 添加脚本执行权限
[root@MySQL ~]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld_multi
* 添加进 service 服务管理
[root@MySQL ~]# chkconfig –add mysqld_multi
5. 启动测试
* 查个多实例状态
[root@MySQL ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld_multi report
Reporting MySQL servers
MySQL server from group: mysqld1 is not running
MySQL server from group: mysqld2 is not running
MySQL server from group: mysqld3 is not running
MySQL server from group: mysqld4 is not running
* 启动多实例
[root@MySQL ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld_multi start
* 查看多实例状态
Reporting MySQL servers
MySQL server from group: mysqld1 is running
MySQL server from group: mysqld2 is running
MySQL server from group: mysqld3 is running
MySQL server from group: mysqld4 is running
* 查看实例监听端口
[root@MySQL ~]# netstat -lntp | grep mysqld
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2673/mysqld
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3307 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2676/mysqld
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3308 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2679/mysqld
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3309 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2682/mysqld
6. 连接测试
* 实例 1
[root@MySQL ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -S /tmp/mysql.sock1 -p’z+Ilo*>s:3kw’
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 6
Server version: 5.7.18
Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type ‘help;’ or ‘\h’ for help. Type ‘\c’ to clear the current input statement.
mysql> set password = ‘123456’;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
* 实例 2
[root@MySQL ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -S /tmp/mysql.sock2 -p’b*AHUrTgu1rl’
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 7
Server version: 5.7.18
Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type ‘help;’ or ‘\h’ for help. Type ‘\c’ to clear the current input statement.
mysql> set password = ‘123456’;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
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