CentOS静默安装Oracle 11g R2

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一，下载地址
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/enterprise-edition/downloads/index.html
Oracle 11g 联机文档：
http://www.oracle.com/pls/db112/homepage

二，系统要求
内存：1G（官方最低要求 1G）
硬盘：40G（企业版安装所需 4.29G 和 1.7G 数据文件）

检查的命令
内存
# grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo
交换空间
# grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo
磁盘空间
# df -ah

三，安装前系统准备
1、添加主机名与 IP 对应记录(root 用户下)

#vim /etc/hosts
192.168.1.254 Admin-PC

2、关闭 Selinux(root 用户下)
# sed -i “s/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/” /etc/selinux/config
# setenforce 0

3、创建用户和组(root 用户：创建 Oracle 安装组 oinstall, 数据库管理员组 dba，及 oracle 用户)
# groupadd -g 200 oinstall
# groupadd -g 201 dba
# useradd -u 440 -g oinstall -G dba oracle（主组 oinstall，其它组：dba）
# passwd oracle

4、修改内核参数(root 用户：修改 /etc/sysctl.conf 文件，加上如下参数)
# vim /etc/sysctl.conf
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range= 9000 65500
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 10523004
kernel.shmmax = 6465333657
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100128
net.core.rmem_default=262144
net.core.wmem_default=262144
net.core.rmem_max=4194304
net.core.wmem_max=1048576
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576

#modprobe bridge

#lsmod|grep bridge

# sysctl -p

5、修改系统资源限制（root 用户：修改 /etc/security/limits.conf 文件，加上下面的参数）
# vim /etc/security/limits.conf
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
6、修改用户验证选项（root 用户下：修改 /etc/pam.d/login 文件加上如下参数）
# vim /etc/pam.d/login
session required pam_limits.so

7、创建安装目录及设置权限(root 用户下)

# mkdir -p /app/oracle/
# chmod 755 /app/oracle/
# chown oracle.oinstall -R /app/oracle/

8、设置环境变量(root 用户下：修改 /etc/profile 文件加上如下参数)

# vim /etc/profile

export ORACLE_BASE=/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1
export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
export ORACLE_SID=ORCL
export ROACLE_PID=ORCL
export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/usr/lib

完成后执行：

#source /etc/profile #环境变量修改生效

#env | grep ORA #查看环境变量是否完成

ORACLE_SID=ORCL

ORACLE_BASE=/app/oracle

ORACLE_HOME=/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1

四、安装 Oracle

1. 安装依赖包(root 用户下)

#yum install binutils compat-libstdc++-33 elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel elfutils-libelf-devel-static gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-common glibc-devel glibc-headers kernel-headers ksh libaio libaio-devel libgcc libgomp libstdc++ libstdc++-devel make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel

2. 字符界面下安装 oracle(root 用户下)
在 /opt 目录下解压 oracle 软件
# unzip -o linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip
# unzip -o linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip

#chown -R oracle:oinstall /opt/database/

解压后得到 database 目录，其中包含 response 目录，该目录中有三个 rsp 文件，用来作为静默安装时的应答文件的模板。

三个文件作用分别是：
db_install.rsp：安装应答
dbca.rsp：创建数据库应答
netca.rsp：建立监听、本地服务名等网络设置的应答

3. 编辑安装应答脚本(root 用户下)

#vim /opt/database/response/db_install.rsp

4. 静默安装 Oracle(oracle 用户下)
$chmod -R 755 /opt/database
$./runInstaller -silent -force -responseFile /opt/database/response/db_install.rsp
Starting Oracle Universal Installer…

Checking Temp space: must be greater than 120 MB. Actual 165908 MB Passed
Checking swap space: must be greater than 150 MB. Actual 16383 MB Passed
Preparing to launch Oracle Universal Installer from /tmp/OraInstall2015-01-29_03-35-32PM. Please wait …[oracle@oracledb database]$ [WARNING] [INS-32055] The Central Inventory is located in the Oracle base.
CAUSE: The Central Inventory is located in the Oracle base.
ACTION: Oracle recommends placing this Central Inventory in a location outside the Oracle base directory.
[WARNING] [INS-13014] Target environment do not meet some optional requirements.
CAUSE: Some of the optional prerequisites are not met. See logs for details. /tmp/OraInstall2015-01-29_03-35-32PM/installActions2015-01-29_03-35-32PM.log
ACTION: Identify the list of failed prerequisite checks from the log: /tmp/OraInstall2015-01-29_03-35-32PM/installActions2015-01-29_03-35-32PM.log. Then either from the log file or from installation manual find the appropriate configuration to meet the prerequisites and fix it manually.
[WARNING] [INS-32055] The Central Inventory is located in the Oracle base.
CAUSE: The Central Inventory is located in the Oracle base.
ACTION: Oracle recommends placing this Central Inventory in a location outside the Oracle base directory.
[WARNING] [INS-13014] Target environment do not meet some optional requirements.
CAUSE: Some of the optional prerequisites are not met. See logs for details. /tmp/OraInstall2015-01-29_03-35-32PM/installActions2015-01-29_03-35-32PM.log
ACTION: Identify the list of failed prerequisite checks from the log: /tmp/OraInstall2015-01-29_03-35-32PM/installActions2015-01-29_03-35-32PM.log. Then either from the log file or from installation manual find the appropriate configuration to meet the prerequisites and fix it manually.
You can find the log of this install session at:
/opt/app/oracle/oraInventory/logs/installActions2015-01-29_03-35-32PM.log
The following configuration scripts need to be executed as the “root” user.
#!/bin/sh
#Root scripts to run

/app/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/root.sh
To execute the configuration scripts:
1. Open a terminal window
2. Log in as “root”
3. Run the scripts
4. Return to this window and hit “Enter” key to continue

Successfully Setup Software.
然后回车, 使用 root 用户执行 root.sh

$ su root

#/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/root.sh

5. 静默配置网络(oracle 用户下)

$ $ORACLE_HOME/bin/netca /silent /responseFile /opt/database/response/netca.rsp

Parsing command line arguments:
Parameter “silent” = true
Parameter “responsefile” = /opt/database/response/netca.rsp
Done parsing command line arguments.
Oracle Net Services Configuration:
Profile configuration complete.
Listener “LISTENER” already exists.
Oracle Net Services configuration successful. The exit code is 0

6. 修改脚本 dbca.rsp(root 用户下)

#vim /opt/database/response/dbca.rsp

7. 静默安装数据库(oracle 用户下)
$ $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbca -silent -responseFile /opt/database/response/dbca.rsp
Copying database files

1% complete

3% complete

11% complete
18% complete
26% complete
37% complete
Creating and starting Oracle instance
40% complete
45% complete
50% complete
55% complete
56% complete
57% complete
60% complete
62% complete
Completing Database Creation
66% complete
70% complete
73% complete
74% complete
85% complete
96% complete
100% complete
Look at the log file “/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/ora11g/ora11g.log” for further details.
安装完成 …