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注: 本文参照 openstack 官方文档部署，建议: 配置时仔细核对，经多次实验，很多错误都是配置失误造成的。
一、搭建基础环境
192.168.30.145 controller【2vCPU、4G 内存、40G 存储、双网卡】
192.168.30.146 compute【2vCPU、4G 内存、40G 存储、双网卡】
1. 安装 ssh 并配置 root 密码
$ sudo apt install ssh$ sudo passwd root Enter new UNIX password: Retype new UNIX password: passwd: password updated successfully 2. 获取临时认证令牌
# openssl rand -hex 10 bdb5cad50653d4e85b7d 3. 添加阿里云镜像
# cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak # vim /etc/apt/sources.list deb-src http://archive.Ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial main restricted deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted multiverse universe deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted multiverse universe deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted multiverse universe deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security universe deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security multiverse 4. 配置网络接口 IP
# ip addr # vim /etc/network/interfaces auto ens33 iface ens33 inet static address 192.168.30.145 netmask 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.168.30.2 dns-nameserver 114.114.114.114 # The provider network interface(配置第二个接口为提供者接口) auto ens34 iface ens34 inet manual up ip link set dev $IFACE up down ip link set dev $IFACE down 5. 配置 host
# vim /etc/hosts 192.168.30.145 controller 192.168.30.146 compute 6. 配置 NTP 时间协议
# dpkg-reconfigure tzdata ## 修改时区 Current default time zone: 'Asia/Chongqing'Local time is now: Tue Mar 28 20:54:33 CST 2017. Universal Time is now: Tue Mar 28 12:54:33 UTC 2017. # apt -y install chrony ## 安装 chrony 时间同步软件
Controller Node
# vim /etc/chrony/chrony.conf allow 192.168.30.0/24 ## 设置允许该网段与自己同步时间 # service chrony restartCompute Node
# vim /etc/chrony/chrony.conf # pool 2.debian.pool.ntp.org offline iburst server 192.168.30.145 iburst ## 设置时间同步服务器地址 # service chrony restart # chronyc sources 210 Number of sources = 1 MS Name/IP address Stratum Poll Reach LastRx Last sample =============================================================================== ^* controller 3 6 377 33 -375us[-422us] +/- 66ms 7. 在所有节点启用 openstack 库、安装 openstack 客户端
# apt -y install software-properties-common # add-apt-repository cloud-archive:ocata # apt -y update && apt -y dist-upgrade # apt -y install python-openstackclient 8. 安装并配置数据库服务(Controller Node)
# apt -y install mariadb-server python-pymysql # vim /etc/mysql/mariadb.conf.d/99-openstack.cnf [mysqld] bind-address = 192.168.30.145 default-storage-engine = innodb innodb_file_per_table = on max_connections = 4096 collation-server = utf8_general_ci character-set-server = utf8 # service mysql restart # mysql_secure_installation ## 运行该脚本来保证数据库安全，为 root 账户设置一个合适的密码 9. 安装并配置 Rabbitmq 消息队列服务(Controller Node)
# apt -y install rabbitmq-server # rabbitmqctl add_user openstack openstack ## 添加 OpenStack 用户并配置密码 Creating user "openstack" ... ## 允许 openstack 用户的配置、写、读权限 # rabbitmqctl set_permissions openstack ".*" ".*" ".*" Setting permissions for user "openstack" in vhost "/" ... # rabbitmqctl list_users ## 列出用户 Listing users ... guest[administrator] openstack[] # rabbitmqctl list_user_permissions openstack ## 列出该用户权限 Listing permissions for user "openstack" ... /.*.*.* # rabbitmqctl status ## 查看 RabbitMQ 相关信息 # rabbitmq-plugins list ## 查看 RabbitMQ 相关插件 Configured: E = explicitly enabled; e = implicitly enabled | Status: * = running on rabbit@openstack1 |/ ...... # rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_management ## 启用该插件 The following plugins have been enabled: mochiweb webmachine rabbitmq_web_dispatch amqp_client rabbitmq_management_agent rabbitmq_management Applying plugin configuration to rabbit@openstack1... started 6 plugins.浏览器输入 http://localhost:15672，默认用户名密码都是 guest。
10. 安装并配置 Memcached 缓存服务【对认证服务进行缓存】(Controller Node)
# apt -y install memcached python-memcache # vim /etc/memcached.conf #-l 127.0.0.1 -l 192.168.30.145 # service memcached restart 二、配置 Keystone 认证服务(Controller Node)
1. 创建 keystone 数据库
# mysql MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE DATABASE keystone; ## 创建 keystone 数据库 ## 对 keystone 数据库授权[用户名 @控制节点...BY 密码] MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON keystone.* TO 'keystone'@'192.168.30.145' \ IDENTIFIED BY 'keystone'; MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON keystone.* TO 'keystone'@'%' \ IDENTIFIED BY 'keystone'; MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges; 2. 安装并配置 Keystone
# apt -y install keystone # vim /etc/keystone/keystone.conf [database]--- 配置数据库访问[用户名: 密码 @控制节点] connection = mysql+pymysql://keystone:keystone@192.168.30.145/keystone[token]--- 配置 Fernet UUID 令牌的提供者 provider = fernet # grep ^[a-z] /etc/keystone/keystone.conf connection = mysql+pymysql://keystone:keystone@192.168.30.145/keystoneprovider = fernet 3. 初始化身份认证服务数据库
# su -s /bin/sh -c "keystone-manage db_sync" keystone 4. 初始化 Fernet keys
# keystone-manage fernet_setup --keystone-user keystone --keystone-group keystone # keystone-manage credential_setup --keystone-user keystone --keystone-group keystone 5. 配置引导标识服务
# keystone-manage bootstrap --bootstrap-password qaz123 \ --bootstrap-admin-url http://192.168.30.145:35357/v3/ \ --bootstrap-internal-url http://192.168.30.145:5000/v3/ \ --bootstrap-public-url http://192.168.30.145:5000/v3/ \ --bootstrap-region-id RegionOne 6. 配置 HTTP 服务器
# vim /etc/apache2/apache2.conf ServerName controller # service apache2 restart ## 重启 Apache 服务 # service apache2 status # rm -f /var/lib/keystone/keystone.db ## 删除默认的 SQLite 数据库 7. 配置管理账户
# export OS_USERNAME=admin # export OS_PASSWORD=qaz123 # export OS_PROJECT_NAME=admin # export OS_USER_DOMAIN_NAME=Default # export OS_PROJECT_DOMAIN_NAME=Default # export OS_AUTH_URL=http://192.168.30.145:35357/v3 # export OS_IDENTITY_API_VERSION=3 8. 创建 service 项目
# openstack project create --domain default \ --description "Service Project" service +-------------+----------------------------------+ | Field | Value | +-------------+----------------------------------+ | description | Service Project | | domain_id | default | | enabled | True | | id | 945e37831e74484f8911fb742c925926 | | is_domain | False | | name | service | | parent_id | default | +-------------+----------------------------------+ 9. 配置普通 (非管理) 任务项目和用户权限
a. 创建 demo 项目
# openstack project create --domain default \ --description "Demo Project" demo +-------------+----------------------------------+ | Field | Value | +-------------+----------------------------------+ | description | Demo Project | | domain_id | default | | enabled | True | | id | 2ef20ce389eb499696f2d7497c6009b0 | | is_domain | False | | name | demo | | parent_id | default | +-------------+----------------------------------+b. 创建 demo 用户
# openstack user create --domain default \ --password-prompt demo User Password: Repeat User Password: +---------------------+----------------------------------+ | Field | Value | +---------------------+----------------------------------+ | domain_id | default | | enabled | True | | id | 7cfc508fd5d44b468aac218bd4029bae | | name | demo | | options | {} | | password_expires_at | None | +---------------------+----------------------------------+ c. 创建 user 角色
# openstack role create user +-----------+----------------------------------+ | Field | Value | +-----------+----------------------------------+ | domain_id | None | | id | 83b6ab2af4414ad387b2fc9daf575b3a | | name | user | +-----------+----------------------------------+ d. 添加 user 角色到 demo 项目和用户
# openstack role add --project demo --user demo user 10. 禁用临时身份验证令牌机制
# vim /etc/keystone/keystone-paste.ini [pipeline:public_api] # pipeline = admin_token_auth [pipeline:admin_api] # pipeline = admin_token_auth [pipeline:api_v3] # pipeline = admin_token_auth 11. 重置 OS_AUTH_URL 和 OS_PASSWORD 环境变量
# unset OS_AUTH_URL OS_PASSWORD 12. 使用 admin 用户，请求认证令牌(密码为 admin 用户密码)
# openstack --os-auth-url http://192.168.30.145:35357/v3 \ --os-project-domain-name default --os-user-domain-name default \ --os-project-name admin --os-username admin token issue Password: +------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+ | Field | Value | +------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+ | expires | 2017-03-28T15:11:50+0000 | | id | gAAAAABY2m8mE9pMATPuFW9YpgoBMTg9mCI6GcmFeQAudwbhGiVblXZP | | | kmSmHc5aFwTZSIdjLzPJaMd1k16UZghj59v45Gvzdh5CLhSFGWPsT8rL | | | fRJD4eE1D_eRz2Jjjk5rDmwAHm5mmffuszJLSe4B2KJyBXkdmmznXL-A | | project_id | 2461396f6a344c21a2360a612d4f6abe | | user_id | 63ca263543fb4b02bb34410e3dc8a801 | +------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+ 13. 使用 demo 用户，请求认证令牌(密码为 demo 用户密码)
# openstack --os-auth-url http://192.168.30.145:5000/v3 \ --os-project-domain-name default --os-user-domain-name default \ --os-project-name demo --os-username demo token issue Password: +------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+ | Field | Value | +------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+ | expires | 2017-03-28T15:13:50+0000 | | id | gAAAAABY2m-eSIWmQg1SyZFaiGcP2kjHf742ktr8YcVH3Q4aHKTflDJ | | | RLAfgmeoDW2z1sbdHQmKQNSb--F-1Pn_hTFHYqgyMlIxYpEQxGhJ-rg | | | b0EuxUT9opwl0m5onaA5Cv_MBX6awxeity8Gh1dc50NUeYela5Yl4uSG | | project_id | 2ef20ce389eb499696f2d7497c6009b0 | | user_id | 7cfc508fd5d44b468aac218bd4029bae | +------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+ 14. 创建脚本
a. 创建并编辑文件 admin-openrc 并添加如下内容:
# vim admin-openrc export OS_PROJECT_DOMAIN_NAME=Default export OS_USER_DOMAIN_NAME=Default export OS_PROJECT_NAME=admin export OS_USERNAME=admin export OS_PASSWORD=qaz123 export OS_AUTH_URL=http://192.168.30.145:35357/v3export OS_IDENTITY_API_VERSION=3 export OS_IMAGE_API_VERSION=2b. 创建并编辑文件 demo-openrc 并添加如下内容:
# vim demo-openrc export OS_PROJECT_DOMAIN_NAME=Default export OS_USER_DOMAIN_NAME=Default export OS_PROJECT_NAME=demo export OS_USERNAME=demo export OS_PASSWORD=demo export OS_AUTH_URL=http://192.168.30.145:5000/v3export OS_IDENTITY_API_VERSION=3 export OS_IMAGE_API_VERSION=2 15. 使用脚本
a. 加载脚本
# . admin-openrc b. 请求身份认证令牌
# openstack token issue +------------+----------------------------------------------------------+ | Field | Value | +------------+----------------------------------------------------------+ | expires | 2017-03-28T15:22:55+0000 | | id | gAAAAABY2nG_diuPBMl66vJye3mV3S7CWZKesIiSnbicq5XddujfHhc3x| | | PHni3iHWPcTQAjHoIEMTvSH6yKOQ6Z74QL6hVbshqP1dJrRJ6xEa9WvIk| | | F7H5j7lPmM7ncfVvr9k96gLJ6Uhz38R5qRnHBWkxrlNsgw1jdnAjxf5e | | project_id | 2461396f6a344c21a2360a612d4f6abe | | user_id | 63ca263543fb4b02bb34410e3dc8a801 | +------------+----------------------------------------------------------+ 三、配置 Glance 镜像服务(Controller Node)
1. 创建 glance 数据库
# mysql MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE DATABASE glance; ## 创建 glance 数据库 ## 对 glance 数据库授权[用户名 @控制节点...BY 密码] MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON glance.* TO 'glance'@'192.168.30.145' \ IDENTIFIED BY 'glance'; MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON glance.* TO 'glance'@'%' \ IDENTIFIED BY 'glance'; MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges; 2. 获取管理员访问权限
# . admin-openrc 3. 创建服务证书
a. 创建 glance 用户:
# openstack user create --domain default --password-prompt glance User Password: Repeat User Password: +---------------------+----------------------------------+ | Field | Value | +---------------------+----------------------------------+ | domain_id | default | | enabled | True | | id | 3edeaaae87e14811ac2c6767ab657d6b | | name | glance | | options | {} | | password_expires_at | None | +---------------------+----------------------------------+ b. 添加 admin 角色到 glance 用户和 service 项目上:
# openstack role add --project service --user glance adminc. 创建“glance”服务实体:
# openstack service create --name glance \ --description "OpenStack Image" image +-------------+----------------------------------+ | Field | Value | +-------------+----------------------------------+ | description | OpenStack Image | | enabled | True | | id | 22a0875ba92c4512989666f116ae1585 | | name | glance | | type | image | +-------------+----------------------------------+ d. 创建镜像服务的 API 端点:
# openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne \ image public http://192.168.30.145:9292 +--------------+----------------------------------+ | Field | Value | +--------------+----------------------------------+ | enabled | True | | id | ff6d9ed365cf4e7f8cc53d47e57cd46b | | interface | public | | region | RegionOne | | region_id | RegionOne | | service_id | 22a0875ba92c4512989666f116ae1585 | | service_name | glance | | service_type | image | | url | http://192.168.30.145:9292 | +--------------+----------------------------------+ # openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne \ image internal http://192.168.30.145:9292 +--------------+----------------------------------+ | Field | Value | +--------------+----------------------------------+ | enabled | True | | id | 7408dd72bc1745758cdf23e136ef7392 | | interface | internal | | region | RegionOne | | region_id | RegionOne | | service_id | 22a0875ba92c4512989666f116ae1585 | | service_name | glance | | service_type | image | | url | http://192.168.30.145:9292 | +--------------+----------------------------------+ # openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne \ image admin http://192.168.30.145:9292 --------------+----------------------------------+ | Field | Value | +--------------+----------------------------------+ | enabled | True | | id | 8ed4e7e1a5834177b4ce1896c21e6cb9 | | interface | admin | | region | RegionOne | | region_id | RegionOne | | service_id | 22a0875ba92c4512989666f116ae1585 | | service_name | glance | | service_type | image | | url | http://192.168.30.145:9292 | +--------------+----------------------------------+ 4. 安装并配置 Glance 组件
a. 配置镜像 API
# apt -y install glance # vim /etc/glance/glance-api.conf [database]--- 配置数据库访问[用户名: 密码 @控制节点] connection = mysql+pymysql://glance:glance@192.168.30.145/glance[keystone_authtoken]--- 配置身份服务访问 auth_uri = http://192.168.30.145:5000 auth_url = http://192.168.30.145:35357 memcached_servers = 192.168.30.145:11211 auth_type = password project_domain_name = default user_domain_name = default project_name = service username = glance password = glance [paste_deploy] flavor = keystone [glance_store]--- 配置本地文件系统存储和图像文件位置 stores = file,http default_store = filefilesystem_store_datadir = /var/lib/glance/images/# grep ^[a-z] /etc/glance/glance-api.conf sqlite_db = /var/lib/glance/glance.sqlite backend = sqlalchemy connection = mysql+pymysql://glance:glance@192.168.30.145/glancestores = file,http default_store = filefilesystem_store_datadir = /var/lib/glance/imagesdisk_formats = ami,ari,aki,vhd,vhdx,vmdk,raw,qcow2,vdi,iso,ploop.root-tarauth_uri = http://192.168.30.145:5000 auth_url = http://192.168.30.145:35357 memcached_servers = 192.168.30.145:11211 auth_type = password project_domain_name = default user_domain_name = default project_name = service username = glance password = glance flavor = keystone b. 配置镜像注册服务
# vim /etc/glance/glance-registry.conf [database]--- 配置数据库访问[用户名: 密码 @控制节点] connection = mysql+pymysql://glance:glance@192.168.30.145/glance[keystone_authtoken]--- 配置身份服务访问 auth_uri = http://192.168.30.145:5000 auth_url = http://192.168.30.145:35357 memcached_servers = 192.168.30.145:11211 auth_type = password project_domain_name = default user_domain_name = default project_name = service username = glance password = glance [paste_deploy] flavor = keystone # grep ^[a-z] /etc/glance/glance-registry.conf sqlite_db = /var/lib/glance/glance.sqlite backend = sqlalchemy connection = mysql+pymysql://glance:glance@192.168.30.145/glanceauth_uri = http://192.168.30.145:5000 auth_url = http://192.168.30.145:35357 memcached_servers = 192.168.30.145:11211 auth_type = password project_domain_name = default user_domain_name = default project_name = service username = glance password = glance flavor = keystone 5. 同步镜像服务数据库
# su -s /bin/sh -c "glance-manage db_sync" glance 6. 重启服务
# service glance-registry restart # service glance-api restart # service glance-registry status # service glance-api status7. 验证操作
使用 CirrOS 对镜像服务进行验证
CirrOS 是一个小型的 Linux 镜像，可以用来进行 OpenStack 部署测试。
a. 获取管理员权限
# . admin-openrc
b. 下载源镜像
# wget http://download.cirros-cloud.net/0.3.5/cirros-0.3.5-x86_64-disk.img c. 使用 QCOW2 磁盘格式，bare 容器格式上传镜像到镜像服务并设置公共可见
# openstack image create "cirros"\ --file cirros-0.3.5-x86_64-disk.img \ --disk-format qcow2 --container-format bare \ --public +------------------+------------------------------------------------------+ | Field | Value | +------------------+------------------------------------------------------+ | checksum | f8ab98ff5e73ebab884d80c9dc9c7290 | | container_format | bare | | created_at | 2017-03-29T05:57:56Z | | disk_format | qcow2 | | file | /v2/images/4b6ebd57-80ab-4b79-8ecc-53a026f3e898/file | | id | 4b6ebd57-80ab-4b79-8ecc-53a026f3e898 | | min_disk | 0 | | min_ram | 0 | | name | cirros | | owner | 2461396f6a344c21a2360a612d4f6abe | | protected | False | | schema | /v2/schemas/image | | size | 13267968 | | status | active | | tags | | | updated_at | 2017-03-29T05:57:56Z | | virtual_size | None | | visibility | public | +------------------+------------------------------------------------------+ d. 确认镜像的上传并验证属性
# openstack image list +--------------------------------------+--------+--------+ | ID | Name | Status | +--------------------------------------+--------+--------+ | 4b6ebd57-80ab-4b79-8ecc-53a026f3e898 | cirros | active | +--------------------------------------+--------+--------+ 五、配置 Neutron 网络服务【各节点皆要配置】
1. 创建 neutron 数据库
# mysql MariaDB [(none)] CREATE DATABASE neutron; ## 创建 neutron 数据库 ## 对 neutron 数据库授权[用户名 @控制节点...BY 密码] MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON neutron.* TO 'neutron'@'192.168.30.145' \\ IDENTIFIED BY 'neutron'; MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON neutron.* TO 'neutron'@'%' \\ IDENTIFIED BY 'neutron'; MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges;
2. 获取管理员访问权限
# . admin-openrc3. 创建服务证书
a. 创建 neutron 用户
# openstack user create --domain default --password-prompt neutron User Password: Repeat User Password: +---------------------+----------------------------------+ | Field | Value | +---------------------+----------------------------------+ | domain_id | default | | enabled | True | | id | 54cd9e72295c411090ea9f641cb02135 | | name | neutron | | options | {} | | password_expires_at | None | +---------------------+----------------------------------+ b. 添加 admin 角色到 neutron 用户
# openstack role add --project service --user neutron adminc. 创建 neutron 服务实体
# openstack service create --name neutron \\ --description "OpenStack Networking" network +-------------+----------------------------------+ | Field | Value | +-------------+----------------------------------+ | description | OpenStack Networking | | enabled | True | | id | 720687745d354718862255a56d7aea46 | | name | neutron | | type | network | +-------------+----------------------------------+ d. 创建 neutron 服务 API 端点
# openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne \\ network public http://192.168.30.145:9696 +--------------+----------------------------------+ | Field | Value | +--------------+----------------------------------+ | enabled | True | | id | a9b1b5b8fbb842a8b14a9cecca7a58a8 | | interface | public | | region | RegionOne | | region_id | RegionOne | | service_id | 720687745d354718862255a56d7aea46 | | service_name | neutron | | service_type | network | | url | http://192.168.30.145:9696 | +--------------+----------------------------------+ # openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne \\ network internal http://192.168.30.145:9696 +--------------+----------------------------------+ | Field | Value | +--------------+----------------------------------+ | enabled | True | | id | 61e2c14b0c8f4003a7099012e9a6331f | | interface | internal | | region | RegionOne | | region_id | RegionOne | | service_id | 720687745d354718862255a56d7aea46 | | service_name | neutron | | service_type | network | | url | http://192.168.30.145:9696 | +--------------+----------------------------------+ # openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne \\ network admin http://192.168.30.145:9696 +--------------+----------------------------------+ | Field | Value | +--------------+----------------------------------+ | enabled | True | | id | 6719539759c34487bd519c0dffb5509d | | interface | admin | | region | RegionOne | | region_id | RegionOne | | service_id | 720687745d354718862255a56d7aea46 | | service_name | neutron | | service_type | network | | url | http://192.168.30.145:9696 | +--------------+----------------------------------+ 4. 配置网络类型 2: 私有网络
a. 安装组件
# apt -y install neutron-server neutron-plugin-ml2 \\ neutron-linuxbridge-agent neutron-l3-agent neutron-dhcp-agent \\ neutron-metadata-agent b. 配置 Neutron 组件
# vim /etc/neutron/neutron.conf [database]---- 配置数据库访问[用户名: 密码 @控制节点] #connection = sqlite:////var/lib/neutron/neutron.sqlite connection = mysql+pymysql://neutron:neutron@192.168.30.145/neutron[DEFAULT]---- 启用 ML2 插件、路由器服务和 overlapping IP addresses core_plugin = ml2 service_plugins = router allow_overlapping_ips = true [DEFAULT]---- 配置 RabbitMQ 消息队列访问[用户名: 密码 @控制节点] transport_url = rabbit://openstack:openstack@192.168.30.145 [DEFAULT]---- 配置认证服务访问 auth_strategy = keystone [keystone_authtoken]---- 配置认证服务访问 auth_uri = http://192.168.30.145:5000 auth_url = http://192.168.30.145:35357 memcached_servers = 192.168.30.145:11211 auth_type = password project_domain_name = default user_domain_name = default project_name = service username = neutron password = neutron [DEFAULT]---- 配置网络服务来通知计算节点的网络拓扑变化 notify_nova_on_port_status_changes = truenotify_nova_on_port_data_changes = true[nova]---- 配置网络服务来通知计算节点的网络拓扑变化 auth_url = http://192.168.30.145:35357 auth_type = password project_domain_name = default user_domain_name = default region_name = RegionOne project_name = service username = nova password = nova # grep ^[a-z] /etc/neutron/neutron.conf auth_strategy = keystone core_plugin = ml2 service_plugins = router allow_overlapping_ips = truenotify_nova_on_port_status_changes = truenotify_nova_on_port_data_changes = truetransport_url = rabbit://openstack:openstack@192.168.30.145 root_helper = sudo /usr/bin/neutron-rootwrap /etc/neutron/rootwrap.conf connection = mysql+pymysql://neutron:neutron@192.168.30.145/neutronauth_uri = http://192.168.30.145:5000 auth_url = http://192.168.30.145:35357 memcached_servers = 192.168.30.145:11211 auth_type = password project_domain_name = default user_domain_name = default project_name = service username = neutron password = neutron region_name = RegionOne auth_url = http://192.168.30.145:35357 auth_type = password password = nova project_domain_name = default project_name = service user_domain_name = default username = nova c. 配置 Modular Layer 2 (ML2) 插件
ML2 插件使用 Linuxbridge 机制来为实例创建 layer-2 虚拟网络基础设施
# vim /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini [ml2]---- 启用 flat，VLAN 以及 VXLAN 网络 type_drivers = flat,vlan,vxlan [ml2]---- 启用 VXLAN 私有网络 tenant_network_types = vxlan [ml2]---- 启用 Linuxbridge 和 layer-2 机制 mechanism_drivers = linuxbridge,l2population [ml2]---- 启用端口安全扩展驱动 extension_drivers = port_security [ml2_type_flat]---- 配置公共虚拟网络为 flat 网络 flat_networks = provider [ml2_type_vxlan]---- 为私有网络配置 VXLAN 网络识别的网络范围 vni_ranges = 1:1000 [securitygroup]---- 启用 ipset 增加安全组规则的高效性 enable_ipset = true # grep ^[a-z] /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini type_drivers = flat,vlan,vxlan tenant_network_types = vxlan mechanism_drivers = linuxbridge,l2population extension_drivers = port_security flat_networks = provider vni_ranges = 1:1000 enable_ipset = true注:Linuxbridge 代理只支持 VXLAN 覆盖网络
d. 配置 Linuxbridge 代理
Linuxbridge 代理为实例建立 layer-2 虚拟网络并且处理安全组规则
# vim /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/linuxbridge_agent.ini [linux_bridge]---- 对应公共虚拟网络和公共物理网络接口 physical_interface_mappings = provider:ens33 [vxlan]---- 启用 VXLAN 覆盖网络，配置覆盖网络的物理网络接口的 IP 地址，并启用 layer-2 population enable_vxlan = truelocal_ip = 192.168.30.145 l2_population = true[securitygroup]---- 启用安全组并配置防火墙服务 enable_security_group = truefirewall_driver = neutron.agent.linux.iptables_firewall.IptablesFirewallDriver # grep ^[a-z] /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/linuxbridge_agent.ini physical_interface_mappings = provider:ens33 firewall_driver = neutron.agent.linux.iptables_firewall.IptablesFirewallDriver enable_security_group = trueenable_vxlan = truelocal_ip = 192.168.30.145 l2_population = true e. 配置 layer-3 代理
Layer- 3 代理为私有虚拟网络提供路由和 NAT 服务
# vim /etc/neutron/l3_agent.ini [DEFAULT]---- 配置 Linuxbridge 接口驱动和外部网络网桥 interface_driver = linuxbridge # grep ^[a-z] /etc/neutron/l3_agent.ini interface_driver = linuxbridge f. 配置 DHCP 代理
DHCP 代理为虚拟网络提供 DHCP 服务
# vim /etc/neutron/dhcp_agent.ini [DEFAULT]---- 配置 Linuxbridge 驱动接口，DHCP 驱动并启用隔离元数据 interface_driver = linuxbridge dhcp_driver = neutron.agent.linux.dhcp.Dnsmasq enable_isolated_metadata = true # grep ^[a-z] /etc/neutron/dhcp_agent.ini interface_driver = linuxbridge dhcp_driver = neutron.agent.linux.dhcp.Dnsmasq enable_isolated_metadata = true
g. 配置元数据代理 —-负责提供配置信息
# vim /etc/neutron/metadata_agent.ini [DEFAULT]---- 配置元数据主机以及共享密码 nova_metadata_ip = 192.168.30.145 metadata_proxy_shared_secret = qaz123 # grep ^[a-z] /etc/neutron/metadata_agent.ini nova_metadata_ip = 192.168.30.145 metadata_proxy_shared_secret = qaz123
5. 在控制节点上为计算节点配置网络服务
# vim /etc/nova/nova.conf [neutron]---- 配置访问参数，启用元数据代理并设置密码 url = http://192.168.30.145:9696 auth_url = http://192.168.30.145:35357 auth_type = password project_domain_name = default user_domain_name = default region_name = RegionOne project_name = service username = neutron password = neutron service_metadata_proxy = truemetadata_proxy_shared_secret = qaz123 # grep ^[a-z] /etc/nova/nova.conf6. 完成安装
a. 同步数据库
# su -s /bin/sh -c "neutron-db-manage --config-file /etc/neutron/neutron.conf \\ --config-file /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini upgrade head" neutron ...... OK注: 数据库的同步发生在 Networking 之后，因为脚本需要完成服务器和插件的配置文件
b. 重启计算 API 服务
# service nova-api restartc. 重启 Networking 服务
对于两种网络类型:
# service neutron-server restart # service neutron-linuxbridge-agent restart # service neutron-dhcp-agent restart # service neutron-metadata-agent restart对于网络类型 2，还需重启 L3 服务:
# service neutron-l3-agent restart d. 确认启动与否
# service nova-api status # service neutron-server status # service neutron-linuxbridge-agent status # service neutron-dhcp-agent status # service neutron-metadata-agent status # service neutron-l3-agent status7. 配置 Compute Node 的 Neutron 网络服务
# apt -y install neutron-linuxbridge-agent # vim /etc/neutron/neutron.conf [database]---- 计算节点不直接访问数据库 #connection = sqlite:////var/lib/neutron/neutron.sqlite [DEFAULT]---- 配置 RabbitMQ 消息队列访问[用户名: 密码 @控制节点] transport_url = rabbit://openstack:openstack@192.168.30.145 [DEFAULT]---- 配置认证服务访问 auth_strategy = keystone [keystone_authtoken]---- 配置认证服务访问 auth_uri = http://192.168.30.145:5000 auth_url = http://192.168.30.145:35357 memcached_servers = 192.168.30.145:11211 auth_type = password project_domain_name = default user_domain_name = default project_name = service username = neutron password = neutron # grep ^[a-z] /etc/neutron/neutron.conf auth_strategy = keystone core_plugin = ml2 transport_url = rabbit://openstack:openstack@192.168.30.145 root_helper = sudo /usr/bin/neutron-rootwrap /etc/neutron/rootwrap.conf auth_uri = http://192.168.30.145:5000 auth_url = http://192.168.30.145:35357 memcached_servers = 192.168.30.145:11211 auth_type = password project_domain_name = default user_domain_name = default project_name = service username = neutron password = neutron 8. 为计算节点配置网络服务
# vim /etc/nova/nova.conf [neutron]---- 配置访问参数 url = http://192.168.30.145:9696 auth_url = http://192.168.30.145:35357 auth_type = password project_domain_name = default user_domain_name = default region_name = RegionOne project_name = service username = neutron password = neutron # grep ^[a-z] /etc/nova/nova.conf 9. 完成安装
a. 重启计算服务:
# service nova-compute restart # service nova-compute statusb. 重启 Linuxbridge 代理:
# service neutron-linuxbridge-agent restart # service neutron-linuxbridge-agent status10. 在计算节点上配置网络类型 2
配置 Linuxbridge 代理 —- 为实例建立 layer-2 虚拟网络并且处理安全组规则
# vim /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/linuxbridge_agent.ini [linux_bridge]---- 对应公共虚拟网络和公共物理网络接口 physical_interface_mappings = provider:ens33 [vxlan]---- 启用 VXLAN 覆盖网络，配置覆盖网络的物理网络接口的 IP 地址，启用 layer-2 population enable_vxlan = truelocal_ip = 192.168.30.146 l2_population = true[securitygroup]---- 启用安全组并配置 firewall_driver enable_security_group = truefirewall_driver = neutron.agent.linux.iptables_firewall.IptablesFirewallDriver # grep ^[a-z] /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/linuxbridge_agent.ini physical_interface_mappings = provider:ens33 firewall_driver = neutron.agent.linux.iptables_firewall.IptablesFirewallDriver enable_security_group = trueenable_vxlan = truelocal_ip = 192.168.30.146 l2_population = true 11. 在控制节点上验证操作
a. 获取管理员权限
# . admin-openrcb. 列出加载的扩展来验证 neutron-server 进程是否正常启
# openstack extension list --network +----------------------+----------------------+--------------------------+ | Name | Alias | Description | +----------------------+----------------------+--------------------------+ | Default Subnetpools | default-subnetpools | Provides ability to mark | | | | and use a subnetpool as | | | | the default | | Network IP | network-ip- | Provides IP availability | | Availability | availability | data for each network | | | | and subnet. | | Network Availability |network_availability_z| Availability zone | | Zone | one | support for network. | | Auto Allocated | auto-allocated- | Auto Allocated Topology | | Topology Services | topology | Services. | | Neutron L3 | ext-gw-mode | Extension of the router | | Configurable external| | abstraction for | | gateway mode | | specifying whether SNAT | | | | should occur on the | | | | external gateway | | Port Binding | binding | Expose port bindings of | | | | a virtual port to | | | | external application | | agent | agent | The agent management | | | | extension. | | Subnet Allocation | subnet_allocation | Enables allocation of | | | | subnets from a subnet | | | | pool | | L3 Agent Scheduler | l3_agent_scheduler | Schedule routers among | | | | l3 agents | | Tag support | tag | Enables to set tag on | | | | resources. | | Neutron external | external-net | Adds external network | | network | | attribute to network | | | | resource. | | Neutron Service | flavors | Flavor specification for | | Flavors | | Neutron advanced | | | | services | | Network MTU | net-mtu | Provides MTU attribute | | | | for a network resource. | | Availability Zone | availability_zone | The availability zone | | | | extension. | | Quota management | quotas | Expose functions for | | support | | quotas management per | | | | tenant | | HA Router extension | l3-ha | Add HA capability to | | | | routers. | | Provider Network | provider | Expose mapping of | | | | virtual networks to | | | | physical networks | |Multi Provider Network| multi-provider | Expose mapping of | | | | virtual networks to | | | | multiple physical | | | | networks | | Address scope | address-scope | Address scopes | | | | extension. | | Neutron Extra Route | extraroute | Extra routes | | | | configuration for L3 | | | | router | | Subnet service types | subnet-service-types | Provides ability to set | | | | the subnet service_types | | | | field | | Resource timestamps | standard-attr- | Adds created_at and | | | timestamp | updated_at fields to all | | | | Neutron resources that | | | | have Neutron standard | | | | attributes. | | Neutron Service Type | service-type | API for retrieving | | Management | | service providers for | | | | Neutron advanced | | | | services | | Router Flavor | l3-flavors | Flavor support for | | Extension | | routers. | | Port Security | port-security | Provides port security | | Neutron Extra DHCP | extra_dhcp_opt | Extra options | | opts | | configuration for DHCP. | | | | For example PXE boot | | | | options to DHCP clients | | | | can be specified (e.g. | | | | tftp-server, server-ip- | | | | address, bootfile-name) | | Resource revision | standard-attr- | This extension will | | numbers | revisions | display the revision | | | | number of neutron | | | | resources. | | Pagination support | pagination | Extension that indicates | | | | that pagination is | | | | enabled. | | Sorting support | sorting | Extension that indicates | | | | that sorting is enabled. | | security-group | security-group | The security groups | | | | extension. | | DHCP Agent Scheduler | dhcp_agent_scheduler | Schedule networks among | | | | dhcp agents | | Router Availability |router_availability_zo| Availability zone | | Zone | ne | support for router. | | RBAC Policies | rbac-policies | Allows creation and | | | | modification of policies | | | | that control tenant | | | | access to resources. | | Tag support for | tag-ext | Extends tag support to | | resources: subnet, | | more L2 and L3 | | subnetpool, port, | | resources. | | router | | | | standard-attr- | standard-attr- | Extension to add | | description | description | descriptions to standard | | | | attributes | | Neutron L3 Router | router | Router abstraction for | | | | basic L3 forwarding | | | | between L2 Neutron | | | | networks and access to | | | | external networks via a | | | | NAT gateway. | | Allowed Address Pairs| allowed-address-pairs| Provides allowed address | | | | pairs | | project_id field | project-id | Extension that indicates | | enabled | | that project_id field is | | | | enabled. | | Distributed Virtual | dvr | Enables configuration of | | Router | | Distributed Virtual | | | | Routers. | +----------------------+----------------------+--------------------------+c. 启动 neutron 代理验证是否成功
# neutron agent-list +--------------------------------------+--------------------+------------+ | id | agent_type | host | +--------------------------------------+--------------------+------------+ | 23601054-312a-497c-b728-4b791ce76e64 | L3 agent | controller | | 9a7546d9-73ec-47e0-ab23-ca2a5366660f | Linux bridge agent | controller | | acd42d89-1af4-413f-be77-3172d38a805d | Metadata agent | controller | | b438ae93-aaf3-41f0-a7b7-d1502a1986c9 | DHCP agent | controller | | e1d32b6b-07c6-468b-965d-ce9dfd09b338 | Linux bridge agent | compute | +--------------------------------------+--------------------+------------+ +-------------------+-------+----------------+---------------------------+ | availability_zone | alive | admin_state_up | binary | +-------------------+-------+----------------+---------------------------+ | nova | :-) | True | neutron-l3-agent | | | :-) | True | neutron-linuxbridge-agent | | | :-) | True | neutron-metadata-agent | | nova | :-) | True | neutron-dhcp-agent | | | :-) | True | neutron-linuxbridge-agent | +-------------------+-------+----------------+---------------------------+更多详情见请继续阅读下一页的精彩内容：http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-04/142431p2.htm
六、配置 Dashboard 仪表盘服务(Controller Node)
1. 配置 Dashboard
# apt -y install openstack-dashboard # vim /etc/openstack-dashboard/local_settings.py OPENSTACK_HOST = "192.168.30.145" ## 配置仪表盘以使用 OpenStack 服务 ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['*'] ## 允许所有主机访问仪表板 ## 配置 memcached 会话存储服务 SESSION_ENGINE = 'django.contrib.sessions.backends.cache'CACHES = { 'default': { 'BACKEND': 'django.core.cache.backends.memcached.MemcachedCache', 'LOCATION': '192.168.30.145:11211', } } OPENSTACK_KEYSTONE_URL = "http://%s:5000/v3" % OPENSTACK_HOST ## 启用第 3 版认证 API OPENSTACK_KEYSTONE_MULTIDOMAIN_SUPPORT = True ## 启用对域的支持 OPENSTACK_API_VERSIONS = { "identity": 3, "image": 2, "volume": 2, } ## 配置 API 版本 OPENSTACK_KEYSTONE_DEFAULT_DOMAIN = "default" ## 通过仪表盘创建用户时的默认域配置 OPENSTACK_KEYSTONE_DEFAULT_ROLE = "user" ## 通过仪表盘创建的用户默认角色配置 TIME_ZONE = "Asia/Chongqing" ## 配置时区 # cat /etc/openstack-dashboard/local_settings.py|grep -v "#"|grep -v ^$2. 更改 dashboard 密钥文件权限
# chown www-data:www-data /var/lib/openstack-dashboard/secret_key # service apache2 reload ## 重新加载 web 服务器配置3. 验证仪表盘服务
浏览器输入 http://controller/horizon 访问仪表盘。
使用 admin 或者 demo 用户凭证和 default 域凭证验证。
身份管理 - 项目
身份管理 - 用户
七、启动一个实例
1. 创建公共网络
a. 获取 admin 权限
# . admin-openrcb. 创建网络
# openstack network create --share \\ --provider-physical-network provider \\ --provider-network-type flat provider +---------------------------+--------------------------------------+ | Field | Value | +---------------------------+--------------------------------------+ | admin_state_up | UP | | availability_zone_hints | | | availability_zones | | | created_at | 2017-03-29T11:59:09Z | | description | | | dns_domain | None | | id | ff30780d-45af-45dc-860f-59b1c091c2a2 | | ipv4_address_scope | None | | ipv6_address_scope | None | | is_default | None | | mtu | 1500 | | name | provider | | port_security_enabled | True | | project_id | 2461396f6a344c21a2360a612d4f6abe | | provider:network_type | flat | | provider:physical_network | provider | | provider:segmentation_id | None | | qos_policy_id | None | | revision_number | 3 | | router:external | Internal | | segments | None | | shared | True | | status | ACTIVE | | subnets | | | updated_at | 2017-03-29T11:59:10Z | +---------------------------+--------------------------------------+–shared: 允许所有项目使用虚拟网络
–provider: 管理员创建的直接和物理网络映射的网络
–provider-physical-network (物理网络的逻辑名称)
–provider-network-type (网络类型，包括 vxlan, gre, vlan, flat, local)
c. 配置 Modular Layer 2 (ML2) 插件
# vim /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini [ml2_type_flat] flat_networks = provider d. 配置 Linuxbridge 代理
# vim /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/linuxbridge_agent.ini [linux_bridge] physical_interface_mappings = provider:ens33 2. 在网络上创建一个子网
# openstack subnet create --network provider \\ --allocation-pool start=192.168.200.100,end=192.168.200.200 \\ --dns-nameserver 114.114.114.114 --gateway 192.168.200.1 \\ --subnet-range 192.168.200.0/24 provider +-------------------+--------------------------------------+ | Field | Value | +-------------------+--------------------------------------+ | allocation_pools | 192.168.200.100-192.168.200.200 | | cidr | 192.168.200.0/24 | | created_at | 2017-03-29T12:04:57Z | | description | | | dns_nameservers | 114.114.114.114 | | enable_dhcp | True | | gateway_ip | 192.168.200.1 | | host_routes | | | id | 4a1899dc-581c-4ada-8ebd-ad632f0ce1ee | | ip_version | 4 | | ipv6_address_mode | None | | ipv6_ra_mode | None | | name | provider | | network_id | ff30780d-45af-45dc-860f-59b1c091c2a2 | | project_id | 2461396f6a344c21a2360a612d4f6abe | | revision_number | 2 | | segment_id | None | | service_types | | | subnetpool_id | None | | updated_at | 2017-03-29T12:04:58Z | +-------------------+--------------------------------------+3. 创建私有网络
a. 获取 demo 权限
# . demo-openrcb. 创建网络
# openstack network create selfservice +---------------------------+--------------------------------------+ | Field | Value | +---------------------------+--------------------------------------+ | admin_state_up | UP | | availability_zone_hints | | | availability_zones | | | created_at | 2017-03-29T12:09:05Z | | description | | | dns_domain | None | | id | afd4f998-901d-42ca-a002-b25f9b4c9e4e | | ipv4_address_scope | None | | ipv6_address_scope | None | | is_default | None | | mtu | 1450 | | name | selfservice | | port_security_enabled | True | | project_id | 2ef20ce389eb499696f2d7497c6009b0 | | provider:network_type | None | | provider:physical_network | None | | provider:segmentation_id | None | | qos_policy_id | None | | revision_number | 3 | | router:external | Internal | | segments | None | | shared | False | | status | ACTIVE | | subnets | | | updated_at | 2017-03-29T12:09:05Z | +---------------------------+--------------------------------------+ c. 配置 Modular Layer 2 (ML2) 插件
# vim /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini [ml2] tenant_network_types = vxlan [ml2_type_vxlan] vni_ranges = 1:10004. 在网络上创建一个子网
# openstack subnet create --network selfservice \\ --dns-nameserver 114.114.114.114 --gateway 172.16.1.1 \\ --subnet-range 172.16.1.0/24 selfservice +-------------------+--------------------------------------+ | Field | Value | +-------------------+--------------------------------------+ | allocation_pools | 172.16.1.2-172.16.1.254 | | cidr | 172.16.1.0/24 | | created_at | 2017-03-29T12:12:39Z | | description | | | dns_nameservers | 114.114.114.114 | | enable_dhcp | True | | gateway_ip | 172.16.1.1 | | host_routes | | | id | 1420f8c3-fa03-4ab3-9329-4455a52f357c | | ip_version | 4 | | ipv6_address_mode | None | | ipv6_ra_mode | None | | name | selfservice | | network_id | afd4f998-901d-42ca-a002-b25f9b4c9e4e | | project_id | 2ef20ce389eb499696f2d7497c6009b0 | | revision_number | 2 | | segment_id | None | | service_types | | | subnetpool_id | None | | updated_at | 2017-03-29T12:12:39Z | +-------------------+--------------------------------------+ 5. 创建路由
私有网络通过虚拟路由来连接到公有网络，以双向 NAT 最为典型。
每个路由包含至少一个连接到私有网络的接口及一个连接到公有网络的网关的接口。
a. 获取 admin 权限
# . admin-openrcb. 添加 router:external 到 provider 网络
公有提供网络必须包括 router: external 选项，用来使路由连接到外部网络
# neutron net-update provider --router:external Updated network: providerc. 获取 demo 权限
# . demo-openrcd. 创建路由
# openstack router create router +-------------------------+--------------------------------------+ | Field | Value | +-------------------------+--------------------------------------+ | admin_state_up | UP | | availability_zone_hints | | | availability_zones | | | created_at | 2017-03-29T12:17:13Z | | description | | | distributed | False | | external_gateway_info | None | | flavor_id | None | | ha | False | | id | 4f42ae28-fcf1-4f72-9341-e6d8f7caaa90 | | name | router | | project_id | 2ef20ce389eb499696f2d7497c6009b0 | | revision_number | None | | routes | | | status | ACTIVE | | updated_at | 2017-03-29T12:17:13Z | +-------------------------+--------------------------------------+
e. 给路由器添加一个私网子网的接口
# neutron router-interface-add router selfservice Added interface 9f67d7fa-520b-48b4-913f-e3d6ad944e34 to router router.f. 给路由器设置公有网络的网关
# neutron router-gateway-set router provider Set gateway for router router6. 验证操作
a. 获取 admin 权限
# . admin-openrcb. 列出网络命名空间
# ip netns qrouter-4f42ae28-fcf1-4f72-9341-e6d8f7caaa90 (id: 2) qdhcp-afd4f998-901d-42ca-a002-b25f9b4c9e4e (id: 1) qdhcp-ff30780d-45af-45dc-860f-59b1c091c2a2 (id: 0)c. 列出路由器上的端口来确定公网网关的 IP 地址
# neutron router-port-list router +----------------+------+-----------+-------------+------------------+ | id | name | tenant_id | mac_address | fixed_ips | +----------------+------+-----------+-------------+------------------+ | 9448a1a4-5a62- | | | fa:16:3e:9d | {"subnet_id": | | 4c82-9b86-cd58 | | | :df:d5 | "4a1899dc-581c- | | 24711913 | | | | 4ada-8ebd- | | | | | | ad632f0ce1ee", | | | | | | "ip_address": "1 | | | | | | 92.168.200.103"} | | 9f67d7fa-520b- | | 2ef20ce38 | fa:16:3e:f7 | {"subnet_id": "1 | | 48b4-913f- | | 9eb499696 | :5b:6a | 420f8c3-fa03-4ab | | e3d6ad944e34 | | f2d7497c6 | | 3-9329-4455a52f3 | | | | 009b0 | | 57c", | | | | | | "ip_address": | | | | | | "172.16.1.1"} | +----------------+------+-----------+-------------+------------------+ d. 从控制节点或任意公共物理网络上的节点 Ping 这个 IP 地址
# ping -c 4 192.168.200.103 PING 192.168.200.103 (192.168.200.103) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 192.168.200.103: icmp_seq=1 ttl=128 time=25.2 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.200.103: icmp_seq=2 ttl=128 time=2.79 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.200.103: icmp_seq=3 ttl=128 time=2.73 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.200.103: icmp_seq=4 ttl=128 time=2.46 ms --- 192.168.200.103 ping statistics --- 4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, time 3004ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 2.464/8.309/25.245/9.778 ms7. 创建 m1.nano 规格的主机
# openstack flavor create --id 0 --vcpus 1 --ram 64 --disk 1 m1.nano +----------------------------+---------+ | Field | Value | +----------------------------+---------+ | OS-FLV-DISABLED:disabled | False | | OS-FLV-EXT-DATA:ephemeral | 0 | | disk | 1 | | id | 0 | | name | m1.nano | | os-flavor-access:is_public | True | | properties | | | ram | 64 | | rxtx_factor | 1.0 | | swap | | | vcpus | 1 | +----------------------------+---------+
8. 生成一个键值对
a. 导入租户 demo 的凭证:
# . demo-openrc b. 生成和添加秘钥对:
# ssh-keygen -q -N "" Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa): # openstack keypair create --public-key ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub mykey +-------------+-------------------------------------------------+ | Field | Value | +-------------+-------------------------------------------------+ | fingerprint | 70:6a:75:32:4e:42:ba:2b:fb:eb:20:af:75:b1:db:61 | | name | mykey | | user_id | 7cfc508fd5d44b468aac218bd4029bae | +-------------+-------------------------------------------------+c. 验证公钥的添加:
# openstack keypair list +-------+-------------------------------------------------+ | Name | Fingerprint | +-------+-------------------------------------------------+ | mykey | 70:6a:75:32:4e:42:ba:2b:fb:eb:20:af:75:b1:db:61 | +-------+-------------------------------------------------+9. 增加安全组规则
默认下,default 安全组适用于所有实例并且包括拒绝远程访问实例的防火墙规则。
添加规则到 default 安全组:
允许 ICMP (ping):
# openstack security group rule create --proto icmp default +-------------------+--------------------------------------+ | Field | Value | +-------------------+--------------------------------------+ | created_at | 2017-03-29T12:40:47Z | | description | | | direction | ingress | | ether_type | IPv4 | | id | 0c62d604-a68f-40cd-821d-90259f75f536 | | name | None | | port_range_max | None | | port_range_min | None | | project_id | 2ef20ce389eb499696f2d7497c6009b0 | | protocol | icmp | | remote_group_id | None | | remote_ip_prefix | 0.0.0.0/0 | | revision_number | 1 | | security_group_id | 74f50594-4ce0-4c29-a987-d33d4d6a5db9 | | updated_at | 2017-03-29T12:40:47Z | +-------------------+--------------------------------------+允许安全 shell (SSH) 的访问:
# openstack security group rule create --proto tcp --dst-port 22 default +-------------------+--------------------------------------+ | Field | Value | +-------------------+--------------------------------------+ | created_at | 2017-03-29T12:41:48Z | | description | | | direction | ingress | | ether_type | IPv4 | | id | 42f92c1f-abd7-4321-ac03-75eeb91152f9 | | name | None | | port_range_max | 22 | | port_range_min | 22 | | project_id | 2ef20ce389eb499696f2d7497c6009b0 | | protocol | tcp | | remote_group_id | None | | remote_ip_prefix | 0.0.0.0/0 | | revision_number | 1 | | security_group_id | 74f50594-4ce0-4c29-a987-d33d4d6a5db9 | | updated_at | 2017-03-29T12:41:48Z | +-------------------+--------------------------------------+10. 创建实例
a. 获取 demo 权限
# . demo-openrcb. 一个实例指定了虚拟机资源的大致分配，包括处理器、内存和存储。
列出可用类型:
# openstack flavor list +----+---------+-----+------+-----------+-------+-----------+ | ID | Name | RAM | Disk | Ephemeral | VCPUs | Is Public | +----+---------+-----+------+-----------+-------+-----------+ | 0 | m1.nano | 64 | 1 | 0 | 1 | True | +----+---------+-----+------+-----------+-------+-----------+
c. 列出可用镜像:
# openstack image list +--------------------------------------+--------+--------+ | ID | Name | Status | +--------------------------------------+--------+--------+ | 4b6ebd57-80ab-4b79-8ecc-53a026f3e898 | cirros | active | +--------------------------------------+--------+--------+
d. 列出可用网络
# openstack network list +---------------------+-------------+---------------------+ | ID | Name | Subnets | +---------------------+-------------+---------------------+ | afd4f998-901d-42ca- | selfservice | 1420f8c3-fa03-4ab3- | | a002-b25f9b4c9e4e | | 9329-4455a52f357c | | ff30780d-45af-45dc- | provider | 4a1899dc-581c-4ada- | | 860f-59b1c091c2a2 | | 8ebd-ad632f0ce1ee | +---------------------+-------------+---------------------+
e. 列出可用的安全组
# openstack security group list +---------------------+---------+------------------------+---------+ | ID | Name | Description | Project | +---------------------+---------+------------------------+---------+ | 74f50594-4ce0-4c29- | default | Default security group | | | a987-d33d4d6a5db9 | | | | | aa0b59f9-abbc-4a8d- | default | Default security group | | | a16c-b8f9898cb965 | | | | +---------------------+---------+------------------------+---------+11. 在公有网络上创建实例
a. 获取 demo 权限
# . demo-openrcb. 启动实例
# openstack server create --flavor m1.nano --image cirros \\ --nic net-id=ff30780d-45af-45dc-860f-59b1c091c2a2 \\ --security-group default --key-name mykey provider-instance +-----------------------------+---------------------------------------+ | Field | Value | +-----------------------------+---------------------------------------+ | OS-DCF:diskConfig | MANUAL | | OS-EXT-AZ:availability_zone | | | OS-EXT-STS:power_state | NOSTATE | | OS-EXT-STS:task_state | scheduling | | OS-EXT-STS:vm_state | building | | OS-SRV-USG:launched_at | None | | OS-SRV-USG:terminated_at | None | | accessIPv4 | | | accessIPv6 | | | addresses | | | adminPass | FQeiCB8XbXk8 | | config_drive | | | created | 2017-03-30T06:04:41Z | | flavor | m1.nano (0) | | hostId | | | id | cb37563d-88fc-4b80-ad1a-380fc881db59 | | image | cirros | | | (b78aacf2-5448-4521-8e23-0f8db63d776a)| | key_name | mykey | | name | provider-instance | | progress | 0 | | project_id | 2ef20ce389eb499696f2d7497c6009b0 | | properties | | | security_groups | name='default' | | status | BUILD | | updated | 2017-03-30T06:04:41Z | | user_id | 7cfc508fd5d44b468aac218bd4029bae | | volumes_attached | | +-----------------------------+---------------------------------------+ c. 检查实例的状态
# openstack server list +-----------------+-----------+--------+--------------+------------+ | ID | Name | Status | Networks | Image Name | +-----------------+-----------+--------+--------------+------------+ | cb37563d-88fc- | provider- | ACTIVE | provider=192 | cirros | | 4b80-ad1a- | instance | | .168.200.108 | | | 380fc881db59 | | | | | +-----------------+-----------+--------+--------------+------------+
注: 当构建过程完全成功后，状态会从 BUILD 变为 ACTIVE
12. 使用虚拟控制台、远程访问访问实例
a. 获取实例的 VNC 会话 URL 并使用 web 浏览器访问
# openstack console url show provider-instance +-------+---------------------------------------------------+ | Field | Value | +-------+---------------------------------------------------+ | type | novnc | | url | http://192.168.30.145:6080/vnc_auto.html?token=cb | | | 37563d-88fc-4b80-ad1a-380fc881db59 | +-------+---------------------------------------------------+ b. 验证能否 ping 通私有网络的网关和互联网
c. 验证控制节点或者其他公有网络上的主机能否 ping 通实例
d. 在控制节点或其他公有网络上的主机使用 SSH 远程访问实例
13. 在私有网络上创建实例
a. 获取 demo 权限
# . demo-openrc b. 启动实例
# openstack server create --flavor m1.nano --image cirros \\ --nic net-id=afd4f998-901d-42ca-a002-b25f9b4c9e4e \\ --security-group default --key-name mykey selfservice-instancec. 检查实例的状态
# openstack server list
d. 获取实例的 VNC 会话 URL 并使用 web 浏览器访问
# openstack console url show selfservice-instance
e. 验证能否 ping 通私有网络的网关和互联网
14. 验证能否远程访问实例
a. 在公有网络上创建浮动 IP 地址池
# openstack ip floating create provider
b. 为实例分配浮动 IP
# openstack ip floating add selfservice-instance
c. 检查这个浮动 IP 地址的状态
# openstack server list d. 验证控制节点或其他公有网络上的主机通过浮动 IP 地址 ping 通实例
e. 在控制节点或其他公有网络上的主机使用 SSH 远程访问实
注: 由于实验所用环境被收回，本人电脑又渣，所以并未进行实例验证。
本文永久更新链接地址：http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-04/142431.htm
注: 本文参照 openstack 官方文档部署，建议: 配置时仔细核对，经多次实验，很多错误都是配置失误造成的。
一、搭建基础环境
192.168.30.145 controller【2vCPU、4G 内存、40G 存储、双网卡】
192.168.30.146 compute【2vCPU、4G 内存、40G 存储、双网卡】
1. 安装 ssh 并配置 root 密码
$ sudo apt install ssh$ sudo passwd root Enter new UNIX password: Retype new UNIX password: passwd: password updated successfully 2. 获取临时认证令牌
# openssl rand -hex 10 bdb5cad50653d4e85b7d 3. 添加阿里云镜像
# cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak # vim /etc/apt/sources.list deb-src http://archive.Ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial main restricted deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted multiverse universe deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted multiverse universe deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted multiverse universe deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security universe deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security multiverse 4. 配置网络接口 IP
# ip addr # vim /etc/network/interfaces auto ens33 iface ens33 inet static address 192.168.30.145 netmask 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.168.30.2 dns-nameserver 114.114.114.114 # The provider network interface(配置第二个接口为提供者接口) auto ens34 iface ens34 inet manual up ip link set dev $IFACE up down ip link set dev $IFACE down 5. 配置 host
# vim /etc/hosts 192.168.30.145 controller 192.168.30.146 compute 6. 配置 NTP 时间协议
# dpkg-reconfigure tzdata ## 修改时区 Current default time zone: 'Asia/Chongqing'Local time is now: Tue Mar 28 20:54:33 CST 2017. Universal Time is now: Tue Mar 28 12:54:33 UTC 2017. # apt -y install chrony ## 安装 chrony 时间同步软件
Controller Node
# vim /etc/chrony/chrony.conf allow 192.168.30.0/24 ## 设置允许该网段与自己同步时间 # service chrony restartCompute Node
# vim /etc/chrony/chrony.conf # pool 2.debian.pool.ntp.org offline iburst server 192.168.30.145 iburst ## 设置时间同步服务器地址 # service chrony restart # chronyc sources 210 Number of sources = 1 MS Name/IP address Stratum Poll Reach LastRx Last sample =============================================================================== ^* controller 3 6 377 33 -375us[-422us] +/- 66ms 7. 在所有节点启用 openstack 库、安装 openstack 客户端
# apt -y install software-properties-common # add-apt-repository cloud-archive:ocata # apt -y update && apt -y dist-upgrade # apt -y install python-openstackclient 8. 安装并配置数据库服务(Controller Node)
# apt -y install mariadb-server python-pymysql # vim /etc/mysql/mariadb.conf.d/99-openstack.cnf [mysqld] bind-address = 192.168.30.145 default-storage-engine = innodb innodb_file_per_table = on max_connections = 4096 collation-server = utf8_general_ci character-set-server = utf8 # service mysql restart # mysql_secure_installation ## 运行该脚本来保证数据库安全，为 root 账户设置一个合适的密码 9. 安装并配置 Rabbitmq 消息队列服务(Controller Node)
# apt -y install rabbitmq-server # rabbitmqctl add_user openstack openstack ## 添加 OpenStack 用户并配置密码 Creating user "openstack" ... ## 允许 openstack 用户的配置、写、读权限 # rabbitmqctl set_permissions openstack ".*" ".*" ".*" Setting permissions for user "openstack" in vhost "/" ... # rabbitmqctl list_users ## 列出用户 Listing users ... guest[administrator] openstack[] # rabbitmqctl list_user_permissions openstack ## 列出该用户权限 Listing permissions for user "openstack" ... /.*.*.* # rabbitmqctl status ## 查看 RabbitMQ 相关信息 # rabbitmq-plugins list ## 查看 RabbitMQ 相关插件 Configured: E = explicitly enabled; e = implicitly enabled | Status: * = running on rabbit@openstack1 |/ ...... # rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_management ## 启用该插件 The following plugins have been enabled: mochiweb webmachine rabbitmq_web_dispatch amqp_client rabbitmq_management_agent rabbitmq_management Applying plugin configuration to rabbit@openstack1... started 6 plugins.浏览器输入 http://localhost:15672，默认用户名密码都是 guest。
10. 安装并配置 Memcached 缓存服务【对认证服务进行缓存】(Controller Node)
# apt -y install memcached python-memcache # vim /etc/memcached.conf #-l 127.0.0.1 -l 192.168.30.145 # service memcached restart 二、配置 Keystone 认证服务(Controller Node)
1. 创建 keystone 数据库
# mysql MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE DATABASE keystone; ## 创建 keystone 数据库 ## 对 keystone 数据库授权[用户名 @控制节点...BY 密码] MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON keystone.* TO 'keystone'@'192.168.30.145' \ IDENTIFIED BY 'keystone'; MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON keystone.* TO 'keystone'@'%' \ IDENTIFIED BY 'keystone'; MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges; 2. 安装并配置 Keystone
# apt -y install keystone # vim /etc/keystone/keystone.conf [database]--- 配置数据库访问[用户名: 密码 @控制节点] connection = mysql+pymysql://keystone:keystone@192.168.30.145/keystone[token]--- 配置 Fernet UUID 令牌的提供者 provider = fernet # grep ^[a-z] /etc/keystone/keystone.conf connection = mysql+pymysql://keystone:keystone@192.168.30.145/keystoneprovider = fernet 3. 初始化身份认证服务数据库
# su -s /bin/sh -c "keystone-manage db_sync" keystone 4. 初始化 Fernet keys
# keystone-manage fernet_setup --keystone-user keystone --keystone-group keystone # keystone-manage credential_setup --keystone-user keystone --keystone-group keystone 5. 配置引导标识服务
# keystone-manage bootstrap --bootstrap-password qaz123 \ --bootstrap-admin-url http://192.168.30.145:35357/v3/ \ --bootstrap-internal-url http://192.168.30.145:5000/v3/ \ --bootstrap-public-url http://192.168.30.145:5000/v3/ \ --bootstrap-region-id RegionOne 6. 配置 HTTP 服务器
# vim /etc/apache2/apache2.conf ServerName controller # service apache2 restart ## 重启 Apache 服务 # service apache2 status # rm -f /var/lib/keystone/keystone.db ## 删除默认的 SQLite 数据库 7. 配置管理账户
# export OS_USERNAME=admin # export OS_PASSWORD=qaz123 # export OS_PROJECT_NAME=admin # export OS_USER_DOMAIN_NAME=Default # export OS_PROJECT_DOMAIN_NAME=Default # export OS_AUTH_URL=http://192.168.30.145:35357/v3 # export OS_IDENTITY_API_VERSION=3 8. 创建 service 项目
# openstack project create --domain default \ --description "Service Project" service +-------------+----------------------------------+ | Field | Value | +-------------+----------------------------------+ | description | Service Project | | domain_id | default | | enabled | True | | id | 945e37831e74484f8911fb742c925926 | | is_domain | False | | name | service | | parent_id | default | +-------------+----------------------------------+ 9. 配置普通 (非管理) 任务项目和用户权限
a. 创建 demo 项目
# openstack project create --domain default \ --description "Demo Project" demo +-------------+----------------------------------+ | Field | Value | +-------------+----------------------------------+ | description | Demo Project | | domain_id | default | | enabled | True | | id | 2ef20ce389eb499696f2d7497c6009b0 | | is_domain | False | | name | demo | | parent_id | default | +-------------+----------------------------------+b. 创建 demo 用户
# openstack user create --domain default \ --password-prompt demo User Password: Repeat User Password: +---------------------+----------------------------------+ | Field | Value | +---------------------+----------------------------------+ | domain_id | default | | enabled | True | | id | 7cfc508fd5d44b468aac218bd4029bae | | name | demo | | options | {} | | password_expires_at | None | +---------------------+----------------------------------+ c. 创建 user 角色
# openstack role create user +-----------+----------------------------------+ | Field | Value | +-----------+----------------------------------+ | domain_id | None | | id | 83b6ab2af4414ad387b2fc9daf575b3a | | name | user | +-----------+----------------------------------+ d. 添加 user 角色到 demo 项目和用户
# openstack role add --project demo --user demo user 10. 禁用临时身份验证令牌机制
# vim /etc/keystone/keystone-paste.ini [pipeline:public_api] # pipeline = admin_token_auth [pipeline:admin_api] # pipeline = admin_token_auth [pipeline:api_v3] # pipeline = admin_token_auth 11. 重置 OS_AUTH_URL 和 OS_PASSWORD 环境变量
# unset OS_AUTH_URL OS_PASSWORD 12. 使用 admin 用户，请求认证令牌(密码为 admin 用户密码)
# openstack --os-auth-url http://192.168.30.145:35357/v3 \ --os-project-domain-name default --os-user-domain-name default \ --os-project-name admin --os-username admin token issue Password: +------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+ | Field | Value | +------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+ | expires | 2017-03-28T15:11:50+0000 | | id | gAAAAABY2m8mE9pMATPuFW9YpgoBMTg9mCI6GcmFeQAudwbhGiVblXZP | | | kmSmHc5aFwTZSIdjLzPJaMd1k16UZghj59v45Gvzdh5CLhSFGWPsT8rL | | | fRJD4eE1D_eRz2Jjjk5rDmwAHm5mmffuszJLSe4B2KJyBXkdmmznXL-A | | project_id | 2461396f6a344c21a2360a612d4f6abe | | user_id | 63ca263543fb4b02bb34410e3dc8a801 | +------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+ 13. 使用 demo 用户，请求认证令牌(密码为 demo 用户密码)
# openstack --os-auth-url http://192.168.30.145:5000/v3 \ --os-project-domain-name default --os-user-domain-name default \ --os-project-name demo --os-username demo token issue Password: +------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+ | Field | Value | +------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+ | expires | 2017-03-28T15:13:50+0000 | | id | gAAAAABY2m-eSIWmQg1SyZFaiGcP2kjHf742ktr8YcVH3Q4aHKTflDJ | | | RLAfgmeoDW2z1sbdHQmKQNSb--F-1Pn_hTFHYqgyMlIxYpEQxGhJ-rg | | | b0EuxUT9opwl0m5onaA5Cv_MBX6awxeity8Gh1dc50NUeYela5Yl4uSG | | project_id | 2ef20ce389eb499696f2d7497c6009b0 | | user_id | 7cfc508fd5d44b468aac218bd4029bae | +------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+ 14. 创建脚本
a. 创建并编辑文件 admin-openrc 并添加如下内容:
# vim admin-openrc export OS_PROJECT_DOMAIN_NAME=Default export OS_USER_DOMAIN_NAME=Default export OS_PROJECT_NAME=admin export OS_USERNAME=admin export OS_PASSWORD=qaz123 export OS_AUTH_URL=http://192.168.30.145:35357/v3export OS_IDENTITY_API_VERSION=3 export OS_IMAGE_API_VERSION=2b. 创建并编辑文件 demo-openrc 并添加如下内容:
# vim demo-openrc export OS_PROJECT_DOMAIN_NAME=Default export OS_USER_DOMAIN_NAME=Default export OS_PROJECT_NAME=demo export OS_USERNAME=demo export OS_PASSWORD=demo export OS_AUTH_URL=http://192.168.30.145:5000/v3export OS_IDENTITY_API_VERSION=3 export OS_IMAGE_API_VERSION=2 15. 使用脚本
a. 加载脚本
# . admin-openrc b. 请求身份认证令牌
# openstack token issue +------------+----------------------------------------------------------+ | Field | Value | +------------+----------------------------------------------------------+ | expires | 2017-03-28T15:22:55+0000 | | id | gAAAAABY2nG_diuPBMl66vJye3mV3S7CWZKesIiSnbicq5XddujfHhc3x| | | PHni3iHWPcTQAjHoIEMTvSH6yKOQ6Z74QL6hVbshqP1dJrRJ6xEa9WvIk| | | F7H5j7lPmM7ncfVvr9k96gLJ6Uhz38R5qRnHBWkxrlNsgw1jdnAjxf5e | | project_id | 2461396f6a344c21a2360a612d4f6abe | | user_id | 63ca263543fb4b02bb34410e3dc8a801 | +------------+----------------------------------------------------------+ 三、配置 Glance 镜像服务(Controller Node)
1. 创建 glance 数据库
# mysql MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE DATABASE glance; ## 创建 glance 数据库 ## 对 glance 数据库授权[用户名 @控制节点...BY 密码] MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON glance.* TO 'glance'@'192.168.30.145' \ IDENTIFIED BY 'glance'; MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON glance.* TO 'glance'@'%' \ IDENTIFIED BY 'glance'; MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges; 2. 获取管理员访问权限
# . admin-openrc 3. 创建服务证书
a. 创建 glance 用户:
# openstack user create --domain default --password-prompt glance User Password: Repeat User Password: +---------------------+----------------------------------+ | Field | Value | +---------------------+----------------------------------+ | domain_id | default | | enabled | True | | id | 3edeaaae87e14811ac2c6767ab657d6b | | name | glance | | options | {} | | password_expires_at | None | +---------------------+----------------------------------+ b. 添加 admin 角色到 glance 用户和 service 项目上:
# openstack role add --project service --user glance adminc. 创建“glance”服务实体:
# openstack service create --name glance \ --description "OpenStack Image" image +-------------+----------------------------------+ | Field | Value | +-------------+----------------------------------+ | description | OpenStack Image | | enabled | True | | id | 22a0875ba92c4512989666f116ae1585 | | name | glance | | type | image | +-------------+----------------------------------+ d. 创建镜像服务的 API 端点:
# openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne \ image public http://192.168.30.145:9292 +--------------+----------------------------------+ | Field | Value | +--------------+----------------------------------+ | enabled | True | | id | ff6d9ed365cf4e7f8cc53d47e57cd46b | | interface | public | | region | RegionOne | | region_id | RegionOne | | service_id | 22a0875ba92c4512989666f116ae1585 | | service_name | glance | | service_type | image | | url | http://192.168.30.145:9292 | +--------------+----------------------------------+ # openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne \ image internal http://192.168.30.145:9292 +--------------+----------------------------------+ | Field | Value | +--------------+----------------------------------+ | enabled | True | | id | 7408dd72bc1745758cdf23e136ef7392 | | interface | internal | | region | RegionOne | | region_id | RegionOne | | service_id | 22a0875ba92c4512989666f116ae1585 | | service_name | glance | | service_type | image | | url | http://192.168.30.145:9292 | +--------------+----------------------------------+ # openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne \ image admin http://192.168.30.145:9292 --------------+----------------------------------+ | Field | Value | +--------------+----------------------------------+ | enabled | True | | id | 8ed4e7e1a5834177b4ce1896c21e6cb9 | | interface | admin | | region | RegionOne | | region_id | RegionOne | | service_id | 22a0875ba92c4512989666f116ae1585 | | service_name | glance | | service_type | image | | url | http://192.168.30.145:9292 | +--------------+----------------------------------+ 4. 安装并配置 Glance 组件
a. 配置镜像 API
# apt -y install glance # vim /etc/glance/glance-api.conf [database]--- 配置数据库访问[用户名: 密码 @控制节点] connection = mysql+pymysql://glance:glance@192.168.30.145/glance[keystone_authtoken]--- 配置身份服务访问 auth_uri = http://192.168.30.145:5000 auth_url = http://192.168.30.145:35357 memcached_servers = 192.168.30.145:11211 auth_type = password project_domain_name = default user_domain_name = default project_name = service username = glance password = glance [paste_deploy] flavor = keystone [glance_store]--- 配置本地文件系统存储和图像文件位置 stores = file,http default_store = filefilesystem_store_datadir = /var/lib/glance/images/# grep ^[a-z] /etc/glance/glance-api.conf sqlite_db = /var/lib/glance/glance.sqlite backend = sqlalchemy connection = mysql+pymysql://glance:glance@192.168.30.145/glancestores = file,http default_store = filefilesystem_store_datadir = /var/lib/glance/imagesdisk_formats = ami,ari,aki,vhd,vhdx,vmdk,raw,qcow2,vdi,iso,ploop.root-tarauth_uri = http://192.168.30.145:5000 auth_url = http://192.168.30.145:35357 memcached_servers = 192.168.30.145:11211 auth_type = password project_domain_name = default user_domain_name = default project_name = service username = glance password = glance flavor = keystone b. 配置镜像注册服务
# vim /etc/glance/glance-registry.conf [database]--- 配置数据库访问[用户名: 密码 @控制节点] connection = mysql+pymysql://glance:glance@192.168.30.145/glance[keystone_authtoken]--- 配置身份服务访问 auth_uri = http://192.168.30.145:5000 auth_url = http://192.168.30.145:35357 memcached_servers = 192.168.30.145:11211 auth_type = password project_domain_name = default user_domain_name = default project_name = service username = glance password = glance [paste_deploy] flavor = keystone # grep ^[a-z] /etc/glance/glance-registry.conf sqlite_db = /var/lib/glance/glance.sqlite backend = sqlalchemy connection = mysql+pymysql://glance:glance@192.168.30.145/glanceauth_uri = http://192.168.30.145:5000 auth_url = http://192.168.30.145:35357 memcached_servers = 192.168.30.145:11211 auth_type = password project_domain_name = default user_domain_name = default project_name = service username = glance password = glance flavor = keystone 5. 同步镜像服务数据库
# su -s /bin/sh -c "glance-manage db_sync" glance 6. 重启服务
# service glance-registry restart # service glance-api restart # service glance-registry status # service glance-api status7. 验证操作
使用 CirrOS 对镜像服务进行验证
CirrOS 是一个小型的 Linux 镜像，可以用来进行 OpenStack 部署测试。
a. 获取管理员权限
# . admin-openrc
b. 下载源镜像
# wget http://download.cirros-cloud.net/0.3.5/cirros-0.3.5-x86_64-disk.img c. 使用 QCOW2 磁盘格式，bare 容器格式上传镜像到镜像服务并设置公共可见
# openstack image create "cirros"\ --file cirros-0.3.5-x86_64-disk.img \ --disk-format qcow2 --container-format bare \ --public +------------------+------------------------------------------------------+ | Field | Value | +------------------+------------------------------------------------------+ | checksum | f8ab98ff5e73ebab884d80c9dc9c7290 | | container_format | bare | | created_at | 2017-03-29T05:57:56Z | | disk_format | qcow2 | | file | /v2/images/4b6ebd57-80ab-4b79-8ecc-53a026f3e898/file | | id | 4b6ebd57-80ab-4b79-8ecc-53a026f3e898 | | min_disk | 0 | | min_ram | 0 | | name | cirros | | owner | 2461396f6a344c21a2360a612d4f6abe | | protected | False | | schema | /v2/schemas/image | | size | 13267968 | | status | active | | tags | | | updated_at | 2017-03-29T05:57:56Z | | virtual_size | None | | visibility | public | +------------------+------------------------------------------------------+ d. 确认镜像的上传并验证属性
# openstack image list +--------------------------------------+--------+--------+ | ID | Name | Status | +--------------------------------------+--------+--------+ | 4b6ebd57-80ab-4b79-8ecc-53a026f3e898 | cirros | active | +--------------------------------------+--------+--------+ 五、配置 Neutron 网络服务【各节点皆要配置】
1. 创建 neutron 数据库
# mysql MariaDB [(none)] CREATE DATABASE neutron; ## 创建 neutron 数据库 ## 对 neutron 数据库授权[用户名 @控制节点...BY 密码] MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON neutron.* TO 'neutron'@'192.168.30.145' \\ IDENTIFIED BY 'neutron'; MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON neutron.* TO 'neutron'@'%' \\ IDENTIFIED BY 'neutron'; MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges;
2. 获取管理员访问权限
# . admin-openrc3. 创建服务证书
a. 创建 neutron 用户
# openstack user create --domain default --password-prompt neutron User Password: Repeat User Password: +---------------------+----------------------------------+ | Field | Value | +---------------------+----------------------------------+ | domain_id | default | | enabled | True | | id | 54cd9e72295c411090ea9f641cb02135 | | name | neutron | | options | {} | | password_expires_at | None | +---------------------+----------------------------------+ b. 添加 admin 角色到 neutron 用户
# openstack role add --project service --user neutron adminc. 创建 neutron 服务实体
# openstack service create --name neutron \\ --description "OpenStack Networking" network +-------------+----------------------------------+ | Field | Value | +-------------+----------------------------------+ | description | OpenStack Networking | | enabled | True | | id | 720687745d354718862255a56d7aea46 | | name | neutron | | type | network | +-------------+----------------------------------+ d. 创建 neutron 服务 API 端点
# openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne \\ network public http://192.168.30.145:9696 +--------------+----------------------------------+ | Field | Value | +--------------+----------------------------------+ | enabled | True | | id | a9b1b5b8fbb842a8b14a9cecca7a58a8 | | interface | public | | region | RegionOne | | region_id | RegionOne | | service_id | 720687745d354718862255a56d7aea46 | | service_name | neutron | | service_type | network | | url | http://192.168.30.145:9696 | +--------------+----------------------------------+ # openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne \\ network internal http://192.168.30.145:9696 +--------------+----------------------------------+ | Field | Value | +--------------+----------------------------------+ | enabled | True | | id | 61e2c14b0c8f4003a7099012e9a6331f | | interface | internal | | region | RegionOne | | region_id | RegionOne | | service_id | 720687745d354718862255a56d7aea46 | | service_name | neutron | | service_type | network | | url | http://192.168.30.145:9696 | +--------------+----------------------------------+ # openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne \\ network admin http://192.168.30.145:9696 +--------------+----------------------------------+ | Field | Value | +--------------+----------------------------------+ | enabled | True | | id | 6719539759c34487bd519c0dffb5509d | | interface | admin | | region | RegionOne | | region_id | RegionOne | | service_id | 720687745d354718862255a56d7aea46 | | service_name | neutron | | service_type | network | | url | http://192.168.30.145:9696 | +--------------+----------------------------------+ 4. 配置网络类型 2: 私有网络
a. 安装组件
# apt -y install neutron-server neutron-plugin-ml2 \\ neutron-linuxbridge-agent neutron-l3-agent neutron-dhcp-agent \\ neutron-metadata-agent b. 配置 Neutron 组件
# vim /etc/neutron/neutron.conf [database]---- 配置数据库访问[用户名: 密码 @控制节点] #connection = sqlite:////var/lib/neutron/neutron.sqlite connection = mysql+pymysql://neutron:neutron@192.168.30.145/neutron[DEFAULT]---- 启用 ML2 插件、路由器服务和 overlapping IP addresses core_plugin = ml2 service_plugins = router allow_overlapping_ips = true [DEFAULT]---- 配置 RabbitMQ 消息队列访问[用户名: 密码 @控制节点] transport_url = rabbit://openstack:openstack@192.168.30.145 [DEFAULT]---- 配置认证服务访问 auth_strategy = keystone [keystone_authtoken]---- 配置认证服务访问 auth_uri = http://192.168.30.145:5000 auth_url = http://192.168.30.145:35357 memcached_servers = 192.168.30.145:11211 auth_type = password project_domain_name = default user_domain_name = default project_name = service username = neutron password = neutron [DEFAULT]---- 配置网络服务来通知计算节点的网络拓扑变化 notify_nova_on_port_status_changes = truenotify_nova_on_port_data_changes = true[nova]---- 配置网络服务来通知计算节点的网络拓扑变化 auth_url = http://192.168.30.145:35357 auth_type = password project_domain_name = default user_domain_name = default region_name = RegionOne project_name = service username = nova password = nova # grep ^[a-z] /etc/neutron/neutron.conf auth_strategy = keystone core_plugin = ml2 service_plugins = router allow_overlapping_ips = truenotify_nova_on_port_status_changes = truenotify_nova_on_port_data_changes = truetransport_url = rabbit://openstack:openstack@192.168.30.145 root_helper = sudo /usr/bin/neutron-rootwrap /etc/neutron/rootwrap.conf connection = mysql+pymysql://neutron:neutron@192.168.30.145/neutronauth_uri = http://192.168.30.145:5000 auth_url = http://192.168.30.145:35357 memcached_servers = 192.168.30.145:11211 auth_type = password project_domain_name = default user_domain_name = default project_name = service username = neutron password = neutron region_name = RegionOne auth_url = http://192.168.30.145:35357 auth_type = password password = nova project_domain_name = default project_name = service user_domain_name = default username = nova c. 配置 Modular Layer 2 (ML2) 插件
ML2 插件使用 Linuxbridge 机制来为实例创建 layer-2 虚拟网络基础设施
# vim /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini [ml2]---- 启用 flat，VLAN 以及 VXLAN 网络 type_drivers = flat,vlan,vxlan [ml2]---- 启用 VXLAN 私有网络 tenant_network_types = vxlan [ml2]---- 启用 Linuxbridge 和 layer-2 机制 mechanism_drivers = linuxbridge,l2population [ml2]---- 启用端口安全扩展驱动 extension_drivers = port_security [ml2_type_flat]---- 配置公共虚拟网络为 flat 网络 flat_networks = provider [ml2_type_vxlan]---- 为私有网络配置 VXLAN 网络识别的网络范围 vni_ranges = 1:1000 [securitygroup]---- 启用 ipset 增加安全组规则的高效性 enable_ipset = true # grep ^[a-z] /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini type_drivers = flat,vlan,vxlan tenant_network_types = vxlan mechanism_drivers = linuxbridge,l2population extension_drivers = port_security flat_networks = provider vni_ranges = 1:1000 enable_ipset = true注:Linuxbridge 代理只支持 VXLAN 覆盖网络
d. 配置 Linuxbridge 代理
Linuxbridge 代理为实例建立 layer-2 虚拟网络并且处理安全组规则
# vim /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/linuxbridge_agent.ini [linux_bridge]---- 对应公共虚拟网络和公共物理网络接口 physical_interface_mappings = provider:ens33 [vxlan]---- 启用 VXLAN 覆盖网络，配置覆盖网络的物理网络接口的 IP 地址，并启用 layer-2 population enable_vxlan = truelocal_ip = 192.168.30.145 l2_population = true[securitygroup]---- 启用安全组并配置防火墙服务 enable_security_group = truefirewall_driver = neutron.agent.linux.iptables_firewall.IptablesFirewallDriver # grep ^[a-z] /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/linuxbridge_agent.ini physical_interface_mappings = provider:ens33 firewall_driver = neutron.agent.linux.iptables_firewall.IptablesFirewallDriver enable_security_group = trueenable_vxlan = truelocal_ip = 192.168.30.145 l2_population = true e. 配置 layer-3 代理
Layer- 3 代理为私有虚拟网络提供路由和 NAT 服务
# vim /etc/neutron/l3_agent.ini [DEFAULT]---- 配置 Linuxbridge 接口驱动和外部网络网桥 interface_driver = linuxbridge # grep ^[a-z] /etc/neutron/l3_agent.ini interface_driver = linuxbridge f. 配置 DHCP 代理
DHCP 代理为虚拟网络提供 DHCP 服务
# vim /etc/neutron/dhcp_agent.ini [DEFAULT]---- 配置 Linuxbridge 驱动接口，DHCP 驱动并启用隔离元数据 interface_driver = linuxbridge dhcp_driver = neutron.agent.linux.dhcp.Dnsmasq enable_isolated_metadata = true # grep ^[a-z] /etc/neutron/dhcp_agent.ini interface_driver = linuxbridge dhcp_driver = neutron.agent.linux.dhcp.Dnsmasq enable_isolated_metadata = true
g. 配置元数据代理 —-负责提供配置信息
# vim /etc/neutron/metadata_agent.ini [DEFAULT]---- 配置元数据主机以及共享密码 nova_metadata_ip = 192.168.30.145 metadata_proxy_shared_secret = qaz123 # grep ^[a-z] /etc/neutron/metadata_agent.ini nova_metadata_ip = 192.168.30.145 metadata_proxy_shared_secret = qaz123
5. 在控制节点上为计算节点配置网络服务
# vim /etc/nova/nova.conf [neutron]---- 配置访问参数，启用元数据代理并设置密码 url = http://192.168.30.145:9696 auth_url = http://192.168.30.145:35357 auth_type = password project_domain_name = default user_domain_name = default region_name = RegionOne project_name = service username = neutron password = neutron service_metadata_proxy = truemetadata_proxy_shared_secret = qaz123 # grep ^[a-z] /etc/nova/nova.conf6. 完成安装
a. 同步数据库
# su -s /bin/sh -c "neutron-db-manage --config-file /etc/neutron/neutron.conf \\ --config-file /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini upgrade head" neutron ...... OK注: 数据库的同步发生在 Networking 之后，因为脚本需要完成服务器和插件的配置文件
b. 重启计算 API 服务
# service nova-api restartc. 重启 Networking 服务
对于两种网络类型:
# service neutron-server restart # service neutron-linuxbridge-agent restart # service neutron-dhcp-agent restart # service neutron-metadata-agent restart对于网络类型 2，还需重启 L3 服务:
# service neutron-l3-agent restart d. 确认启动与否
# service nova-api status # service neutron-server status # service neutron-linuxbridge-agent status # service neutron-dhcp-agent status # service neutron-metadata-agent status # service neutron-l3-agent status7. 配置 Compute Node 的 Neutron 网络服务
# apt -y install neutron-linuxbridge-agent # vim /etc/neutron/neutron.conf [database]---- 计算节点不直接访问数据库 #connection = sqlite:////var/lib/neutron/neutron.sqlite [DEFAULT]---- 配置 RabbitMQ 消息队列访问[用户名: 密码 @控制节点] transport_url = rabbit://openstack:openstack@192.168.30.145 [DEFAULT]---- 配置认证服务访问 auth_strategy = keystone [keystone_authtoken]---- 配置认证服务访问 auth_uri = http://192.168.30.145:5000 auth_url = http://192.168.30.145:35357 memcached_servers = 192.168.30.145:11211 auth_type = password project_domain_name = default user_domain_name = default project_name = service username = neutron password = neutron # grep ^[a-z] /etc/neutron/neutron.conf auth_strategy = keystone core_plugin = ml2 transport_url = rabbit://openstack:openstack@192.168.30.145 root_helper = sudo /usr/bin/neutron-rootwrap /etc/neutron/rootwrap.conf auth_uri = http://192.168.30.145:5000 auth_url = http://192.168.30.145:35357 memcached_servers = 192.168.30.145:11211 auth_type = password project_domain_name = default user_domain_name = default project_name = service username = neutron password = neutron 8. 为计算节点配置网络服务
# vim /etc/nova/nova.conf [neutron]---- 配置访问参数 url = http://192.168.30.145:9696 auth_url = http://192.168.30.145:35357 auth_type = password project_domain_name = default user_domain_name = default region_name = RegionOne project_name = service username = neutron password = neutron # grep ^[a-z] /etc/nova/nova.conf 9. 完成安装
a. 重启计算服务:
# service nova-compute restart # service nova-compute statusb. 重启 Linuxbridge 代理:
# service neutron-linuxbridge-agent restart # service neutron-linuxbridge-agent status10. 在计算节点上配置网络类型 2
配置 Linuxbridge 代理 —- 为实例建立 layer-2 虚拟网络并且处理安全组规则
# vim /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/linuxbridge_agent.ini [linux_bridge]---- 对应公共虚拟网络和公共物理网络接口 physical_interface_mappings = provider:ens33 [vxlan]---- 启用 VXLAN 覆盖网络，配置覆盖网络的物理网络接口的 IP 地址，启用 layer-2 population enable_vxlan = truelocal_ip = 192.168.30.146 l2_population = true[securitygroup]---- 启用安全组并配置 firewall_driver enable_security_group = truefirewall_driver = neutron.agent.linux.iptables_firewall.IptablesFirewallDriver # grep ^[a-z] /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/linuxbridge_agent.ini physical_interface_mappings = provider:ens33 firewall_driver = neutron.agent.linux.iptables_firewall.IptablesFirewallDriver enable_security_group = trueenable_vxlan = truelocal_ip = 192.168.30.146 l2_population = true 11. 在控制节点上验证操作
a. 获取管理员权限
# . admin-openrcb. 列出加载的扩展来验证 neutron-server 进程是否正常启
# openstack extension list --network +----------------------+----------------------+--------------------------+ | Name | Alias | Description | +----------------------+----------------------+--------------------------+ | Default Subnetpools | default-subnetpools | Provides ability to mark | | | | and use a subnetpool as | | | | the default | | Network IP | network-ip- | Provides IP availability | | Availability | availability | data for each network | | | | and subnet. | | Network Availability |network_availability_z| Availability zone | | Zone | one | support for network. | | Auto Allocated | auto-allocated- | Auto Allocated Topology | | Topology Services | topology | Services. | | Neutron L3 | ext-gw-mode | Extension of the router | | Configurable external| | abstraction for | | gateway mode | | specifying whether SNAT | | | | should occur on the | | | | external gateway | | Port Binding | binding | Expose port bindings of | | | | a virtual port to | | | | external application | | agent | agent | The agent management | | | | extension. | | Subnet Allocation | subnet_allocation | Enables allocation of | | | | subnets from a subnet | | | | pool | | L3 Agent Scheduler | l3_agent_scheduler | Schedule routers among | | | | l3 agents | | Tag support | tag | Enables to set tag on | | | | resources. | | Neutron external | external-net | Adds external network | | network | | attribute to network | | | | resource. | | Neutron Service | flavors | Flavor specification for | | Flavors | | Neutron advanced | | | | services | | Network MTU | net-mtu | Provides MTU attribute | | | | for a network resource. | | Availability Zone | availability_zone | The availability zone | | | | extension. | | Quota management | quotas | Expose functions for | | support | | quotas management per | | | | tenant | | HA Router extension | l3-ha | Add HA capability to | | | | routers. | | Provider Network | provider | Expose mapping of | | | | virtual networks to | | | | physical networks | |Multi Provider Network| multi-provider | Expose mapping of | | | | virtual networks to | | | | multiple physical | | | | networks | | Address scope | address-scope | Address scopes | | | | extension. | | Neutron Extra Route | extraroute | Extra routes | | | | configuration for L3 | | | | router | | Subnet service types | subnet-service-types | Provides ability to set | | | | the subnet service_types | | | | field | | Resource timestamps | standard-attr- | Adds created_at and | | | timestamp | updated_at fields to all | | | | Neutron resources that | | | | have Neutron standard | | | | attributes. | | Neutron Service Type | service-type | API for retrieving | | Management | | service providers for | | | | Neutron advanced | | | | services | | Router Flavor | l3-flavors | Flavor support for | | Extension | | routers. | | Port Security | port-security | Provides port security | | Neutron Extra DHCP | extra_dhcp_opt | Extra options | | opts | | configuration for DHCP. | | | | For example PXE boot | | | | options to DHCP clients | | | | can be specified (e.g. | | | | tftp-server, server-ip- | | | | address, bootfile-name) | | Resource revision | standard-attr- | This extension will | | numbers | revisions | display the revision | | | | number of neutron | | | | resources. | | Pagination support | pagination | Extension that indicates | | | | that pagination is | | | | enabled. | | Sorting support | sorting | Extension that indicates | | | | that sorting is enabled. | | security-group | security-group | The security groups | | | | extension. | | DHCP Agent Scheduler | dhcp_agent_scheduler | Schedule networks among | | | | dhcp agents | | Router Availability |router_availability_zo| Availability zone | | Zone | ne | support for router. | | RBAC Policies | rbac-policies | Allows creation and | | | | modification of policies | | | | that control tenant | | | | access to resources. | | Tag support for | tag-ext | Extends tag support to | | resources: subnet, | | more L2 and L3 | | subnetpool, port, | | resources. | | router | | | | standard-attr- | standard-attr- | Extension to add | | description | description | descriptions to standard | | | | attributes | | Neutron L3 Router | router | Router abstraction for | | | | basic L3 forwarding | | | | between L2 Neutron | | | | networks and access to | | | | external networks via a | | | | NAT gateway. | | Allowed Address Pairs| allowed-address-pairs| Provides allowed address | | | | pairs | | project_id field | project-id | Extension that indicates | | enabled | | that project_id field is | | | | enabled. | | Distributed Virtual | dvr | Enables configuration of | | Router | | Distributed Virtual | | | | Routers. | +----------------------+----------------------+--------------------------+c. 启动 neutron 代理验证是否成功
# neutron agent-list +--------------------------------------+--------------------+------------+ | id | agent_type | host | +--------------------------------------+--------------------+------------+ | 23601054-312a-497c-b728-4b791ce76e64 | L3 agent | controller | | 9a7546d9-73ec-47e0-ab23-ca2a5366660f | Linux bridge agent | controller | | acd42d89-1af4-413f-be77-3172d38a805d | Metadata agent | controller | | b438ae93-aaf3-41f0-a7b7-d1502a1986c9 | DHCP agent | controller | | e1d32b6b-07c6-468b-965d-ce9dfd09b338 | Linux bridge agent | compute | +--------------------------------------+--------------------+------------+ +-------------------+-------+----------------+---------------------------+ | availability_zone | alive | admin_state_up | binary | +-------------------+-------+----------------+---------------------------+ | nova | :-) | True | neutron-l3-agent | | | :-) | True | neutron-linuxbridge-agent | | | :-) | True | neutron-metadata-agent | | nova | :-) | True | neutron-dhcp-agent | | | :-) | True | neutron-linuxbridge-agent | +-------------------+-------+----------------+---------------------------+更多详情见请继续阅读下一页的精彩内容：http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-04/142431p2.htm
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