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Oracle 10g 以后的升级，步骤都差不多，实验之前，翻看了下官方手册和 MOS 上升级的内容。步骤没有变化。下面详细讲解下 Oracle 11.2.0.4 升级到 12.2.0.1 的大致步骤。
1． 检查升级条件
2． 安装 12c 数据库
3． 执行 DBUA 升级 DB，当然，也可以采用手工执行命令的方式，但根据官方资料看，建议放弃这个想法，DBUA 真的简化了很多，如果手工执行，会多很多步骤，这样会增加出错的概率。
4． 检查数据库状态和无效对象。
我们需要把 12c 安装到新的 ORACLE_HOME，然后执行 DBUA 完成升级。当然也可以一次搞定，但根据多次失败的经验来说，分开，更靠谱点。建议。
1. 讲补丁包上传到 Oracle Server，解压、安装
[oracle@11g tmp]$ unzip linuxx64_12201_database.zip
2. 检查当前版本
SQL> select * from v$version;
BANNER
——————————————————————————–
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 – 64bit Production
PL/SQL Release 11.2.0.4.0 – Production
CORE 11.2.0.4.0 Production
TNS for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 – Production
NLSRTL Version 11.2.0.4.0 – Production
SQL> set linesize 150;
set pagesize 9999;
col comp_name format a40;
SELECT COMP_NAME, VERSION, STATUS FROM SYS.DBA_REGISTRY;SQL> SQL> SQL>
COMP_NAME VERSION STATUS
—————————————- —————————— ———————-
OWB 11.2.0.1.0 VALID
Oracle Application Express 3.2.1.00.10 VALID
Oracle Enterprise Manager 11.2.0.4.0 VALID
OLAP Catalog 11.2.0.4.0 VALID
Spatial 11.2.0.4.0 VALID
Oracle Multimedia 11.2.0.4.0 VALID
Oracle XML Database 11.2.0.4.0 VALID
Oracle Text 11.2.0.4.0 VALID
Oracle Expression Filter 11.2.0.4.0 VALID
Oracle Rules Manager 11.2.0.4.0 VALID
Oracle Workspace Manager 11.2.0.4.0 VALID
Oracle Database Catalog Views 11.2.0.4.0 VALID
Oracle Database Packages and Types 11.2.0.4.0 VALID
JServer Java Virtual Machine 11.2.0.4.0 VALID
Oracle XDK 11.2.0.4.0 VALID
Oracle Database Java Packages 11.2.0.4.0 VALID
OLAP Analytic Workspace 11.2.0.4.0 VALID
Oracle OLAP API 11.2.0.4.0 VALID
18 rows selected.
3. 检查磁盘空间
select a.tablespace_name, round(a.total_size) “total_size(mb)”,
round(a.total_size) – round(b.free_size,3) “unsed_size(mb)”,
round(b.free_size,3) “free_size(mb)”,
round(b.free_size/total_size *100,2) ||’%’ free_rate
from
(select tablespace_name,sum(bytes) /1024/1024 total_size
from dba_data_files
group by tablespace_name) a,
(select tablespace_name,sum(bytes)/1024/1024 free_size
from dba_free_space
group by tablespace_name) b
where a.tablespace_name=b.tablespace_name(+);
4. 为数据库做冷备份
RMAN>run {
shutdown immediate;
startup mount;
allocate channel c1 type disk;
allocate channel c2 type disk;
backup full tag=’db_full_bak’ database format ‘/home/oracle/rmanbak/full_cold_%d_%s.bak’;
alter database open;
}
RMAN> list backup;
数据库正常关闭后，还需要备份 Oracle 主目录，目的还是为了升级失败时，能够还原出数据库软件到升级前的版本。
重点是如下目录：
ORACLE_HOME/dbs
ORACLE_HOME/network/admin
ORACLE_HOME/hostname_dbname
ORACLE_HOME/oc4j/j2ee/OC4J_DBConsole_hostname_dbname
[oracle@11g ~]$ env|grep ORA
ORACLE_SID=orcl
ORACLE_BASE=/home/oracle/app
ORACLE_HOME=/home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_1
[oracle@11g ~]$ tar cvf oracle.ora /home/oracle
5. 关闭数据库实例及相关进程 (静态监听、动态监听、EOM、相关服务)
– 停止数据库外部进程
[root@11g ~]#ps -ef|grep -v grep |grep LOCAL=NO|awk ‘{print $2}’|xargs kill -9
SQL> shutdown immediate;
[oracle@11g rmanbak]$ cat /home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
[oracle@11g rmanbak]$ lsnrctl stop
[oracle@11g rmanbak]$ lsnrctl status
[oracle@11g rmanbak]$ ps -ef |grep ora_|grep -v grep
[oracle@11g rmanbak]$ netstat -an |grep 1521
[oracle@11g rmanbak]$ netstat -an |grep 1158
6. 开始升级操作
[oracle@11g ~]$ cd /tmp/database
[oracle@11g database]$ ./runInstaller
6.1 不勾选 
，点击 next
注意这里的安装位置，我之前的安装目录是 11.2.0.4，我新目录是 12.2.0.1.0 即将 oracle 安装到其他位置，这样可以减少宕机时间，也是 oracle 推荐的方法。
有 pdksh 或者 ksh 其中一个就行
[root@11g ~]# rpm -qa|grep ksh
pdksh-5.2.14-1.i386
执行到 78% 的时候弹出如下窗口：用 root 用户跑这个脚本
进度到了 83% 的时候，自动弹出 dbua 窗口
停在 37% 执行了很久，耐心等待
选 abort 强制，进行如下操作
选 yes
最后点击 close。
7. 修改环境变量
然后，再修改 oracle 用户的.bash_profile
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/12.2.0.1.0/db_1
然后 source ~/.bash_profile
查看 cat /etc/oratab【内容应该是新目录】
8. 登录查看，升级后版本
[oracle@11g ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Thu Apr 2 16:43:38 2015
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.2.0.1.0 – 64bit Production
SQL> set linesize 150;
set pagesize 9999;
col comp_name format a40;
SELECT COMP_NAME, VERSION, STATUS FROM SYS.DBA_REGISTRY;
COMP_NAME VERSION STATUS
—————————————- —————————— ———————-
Oracle Database Catalog Views 12.2.0.1.0 UPGRADED
Oracle Database Packages and Types 12.2.0.1.0 UPGRADED
JServer JAVA Virtual Machine 12.2.0.1.0 UPGRADED
Oracle XDK 12.2.0.1.0 UPGRADED
Oracle Database Java Packages 12.2.0.1.0 UPGRADED
OLAP Analytic Workspace 12.2.0.1.0 UPGRADED
Oracle Workspace Manager 12.2.0.1.0 UPGRADED
Oracle Text 12.2.0.1.0 UPGRADED
Oracle XML Database 12.2.0.1.0 UPGRADED
Oracle Multimedia 12.2.0.1.0 UPGRADED
Spatial 12.2.0.1.0 UPGRADED
Oracle OLAP API 12.2.0.1.0 UPGRADED
OLAP Catalog 11.2.0.4.0 OPTION OFF
Oracle Application Express 5.0.4.00.12 UPGRADED
14 rows selected.
SQL> select count(*) from dba_objects where status<>’VALID’;
COUNT(*)
———-
8357
SQL> select * from utl_recomp_errors;
no rows selected
编译失效对象
SQL>@$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/catuppst.sql
Session altered.
– 多次执行 utlrp.sql，失效对象数量不再变化
SQL> @$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/utlrp.sql
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL> select count(*) from dba_objects where status<>’VALID’;
COUNT(*)
———-
44
统计失效的对象：
SQL> set lin 300;
set pagesize 300;
col owner for a30;
select owner, object_type, status, count(*)
from dba_objects
where status=’INVALID’
group by owner, object_type, status
order by owner, object_type;
OWNER OBJECT_TYPE STATUS COUNT(*)
—————————— ———————– ——- ———-
SYS FUNCTION INVALID 2
SYS PROCEDURE INVALID 5
SYS TRIGGER INVALID 2
SYS VIEW INVALID 1
TBTB FUNCTION INVALID 13
TBTB PROCEDURE INVALID 3
TBTB VIEW INVALID 18
查看具体失效对象
col owner for a20;
col object_name for a32;
col object_type for a16;
col status for a8;
select owner, object_name, object_type, status
from dba_objects
where status=’INVALID’
order by 1,2,3;
OWNER OBJECT_NAME OBJECT_TYPE STATUS
——————– ——————————– —————- ——–
SYS DEPEND_RELATIONSHIP PROCEDURE INVALID
SYS EVENT_TABLE PROCEDURE INVALID
SYS FN_GETSQLBYSQLID FUNCTION INVALID
SYS GET_SQLTEXT FUNCTION INVALID
SYS OLAPISHUTDOWNTRIGGER TRIGGER INVALID
SYS OLAPISTARTUPTRIGGER TRIGGER INVALID
SYS P_COLL_DML_INSERT PROCEDURE INVALID
SYS P_MONI_INVALID_INDEX PROCEDURE INVALID
SYS P_MONI_SQL PROCEDURE INVALID
SYS V$SQLAREA_TOTAL VIEW INVALID
TBTB CONTRACT_CALV FUNCTION INVALID
TBTB CONTRACT_CONTTYPE FUNCTION INVALID
TBTB CONTRACT_GDQX FUNCTION INVALID
TBTB EMPLEVEL_LT FUNCTION INVALID
TBTB EMPLEVEL_LZ FUNCTION INVALID
TBTB EMPLEVEL_QC FUNCTION INVALID
TBTB EMPLEVEL_XJRS FUNCTION INVALID
TBTB GETTRMOBJ_BYOID FUNCTION INVALID
TBTB GETUNITFULLNAME FUNCTION INVALID
TBTB GET_CONTRACTOIDBYEMPOID FUNCTION INVALID
TBTB GET_EMPDATA FUNCTION INVALID
TBTB JLSXTG PROCEDURE INVALID
TBTB LUOC FUNCTION INVALID
TBTB PROC_COPYTEMPLATE PROCEDURE INVALID
TBTB REP_1 FUNCTION INVALID
TBTB SET_EMPDATA PROCEDURE INVALID
TBTB TB_CNB_PAYRECORDINFO VIEW INVALID
TBTB TB_V_CRPT_SELCOUNT VIEW INVALID
TBTB TB_V_EMPASSIGNEDJOB VIEW INVALID
TBTB TB_V_EMPPOSITION VIEW INVALID
TBTB TB_V_LEADERLEVEL VIEW INVALID
TBTB TB_V_LEADER_SET VIEW INVALID
TBTB TB_V_ORGUNIT VIEW INVALID
TBTB TB_V_PMG_EVALUESCORE VIEW INVALID
TBTB TB_V_PMG_REWARDANDPUNISH VIEW INVALID
TBTB TB_V_REC_CANDIDATE VIEW INVALID
TBTB TB_V_TABLE VIEW INVALID
TBTB TB_V_TMG_MONTHREPORT VIEW INVALID
TBTB TB_V_TRM_CLASSINFO VIEW INVALID
TBTB TB_V_TRM_CLASSMONEY VIEW INVALID
TBTB TB_V_TRM_COURSE VIEW INVALID
TBTB VIEW_BIZPROCINST VIEW INVALID
TBTB VIEW_BIZWORKITEM VIEW INVALID
TBTB VIEW_ORG_PERSON_ROLE_UNIT VIEW INVALID
44 rows selected.
手动单个单个编译失效对象，结果每个报 Warning: Procedure altered with compilation errors.
ALTER PROCEDURE SYS.DEPEND_RELATIONSHIP COMPILE;
ALTER PROCEDURE SYS.P_MONI_INVALID_INDEX COMPILE;
ALTER PROCEDURE SYS.P_MONI_SQL COMPILE;
ALTER PROCEDURE SYS.P_COLL_DML_INSERT COMPILE;
ALTER FUNCTION SYS.GET_SQLTEXT COMPILE;
ALTER TRIGGER SYS.OLAPISTARTUPTRIGGER COMPILE;
ALTER TRIGGER SYS.OLAPISHUTDOWNTRIGGER COMPILE;
ALTER FUNCTION TBTB.GET_EMPDATA COMPILE;
ALTER FUNCTION TBTB.GETUNITFULLNAME COMPILE;
ALTER PROCEDURE TBTB.SET_EMPDATA COMPILE;
ALTER PROCEDURE TBTB.JLSXTG COMPILE;
ALTER PROCEDURE TBTB.PROC_COPYTEMPLATE COMPILE;
ALTER FUNCTION TBTB.GETTRMOBJ_BYOID COMPILE;
ALTER FUNCTION TBTB.LUOC COMPILE;
ALTER FUNCTION TBTB.REP_1 COMPILE;
ALTER FUNCTION TBTB.GET_CONTRACTOIDBYEMPOID COMPILE;
ALTER FUNCTION TBTB.EMPLEVEL_LT COMPILE;
ALTER FUNCTION TBTB.EMPLEVEL_LZ COMPILE;
ALTER FUNCTION TBTB.EMPLEVEL_QC COMPILE;
ALTER FUNCTION TBTB.CONTRACT_CALV COMPILE;
ALTER FUNCTION TBTB.CONTRACT_CONTTYPE COMPILE;
ALTER FUNCTION TBTB.CONTRACT_GDQX COMPILE;
ALTER FUNCTION TBTB.EMPLEVEL_XJRS COMPILE;
ALTER FUNCTION SYS.FN_GETSQLBYSQLID COMPILE;
ALTER PROCEDURE SYS.EVENT_TABLE COMPILE;
至此失效对象无法 valid，推测是版本升级废弃对象，这里先不讨论。
9. 修改 compatible 参数，若修改完成，此次升级操作就无法回退，一定要在应用经过测试之后修改。
SQL> show parameter compatible
NAME TYPE VALUE
———————————— ———– ——————————
compatible string 11.2.0.4
noncdb_compatible boolean FALSE
QL> create spfile from pfile;
File created.
SQL> shutdown immediate;
SQL> startup;
SQL> alter system set compatible=’12.2.0.1.0′ scope=spfile;
System altered.
SQL> shutdown immediate;
SQL> startup;
SQL> show parameter compatible
NAME TYPE VALUE
———————————— ———– ——————————
compatible string 12.2.0.1.0
noncdb_compatible boolean FALSE
SQL> set linesize 150;
set pagesize 9999;
col comp_name format a40;
SELECT COMP_NAME, VERSION, STATUS FROM SYS.DBA_REGISTRY;
COMP_NAME VERSION STATUS
—————————————- —————————— ———————-
Oracle Database Catalog Views 12.2.0.1.0 VALID
Oracle Database Packages and Types 12.2.0.1.0 VALID
JServer JAVA Virtual Machine 12.2.0.1.0 VALID
Oracle XDK 12.2.0.1.0 VALID
Oracle Database Java Packages 12.2.0.1.0 VALID
OLAP Analytic Workspace 12.2.0.1.0 VALID
Oracle Workspace Manager 12.2.0.1.0 VALID
Oracle Text 12.2.0.1.0 VALID
Oracle XML Database 12.2.0.1.0 VALID
Oracle Multimedia 12.2.0.1.0 VALID
Spatial 12.2.0.1.0 VALID
Oracle OLAP API 12.2.0.1.0 VALID
OLAP Catalog 11.2.0.4.0 OPTION OFF
Oracle Application Express 5.0.4.00.12 VALID
14 rows selected.
升级过程有忽略，abort, 很简单粗暴，只用来初次尝试，用来学习与参考，失效对象还要进一步确认，升级过程中有不合理之处请指正。
更多 Oracle 相关信息见 Oracle 专题页面 https://www.linuxidc.com/topicnews.aspx?tid=12
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