基于CentOS 7.3安装部署jewel版本Ceph集群实战演练

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一、环境准备

安装 CentOS7.3 虚拟机三台

由于官网源与网盘下载速度都非常的慢，所以给大家提供了国内的搜狐镜像源：http://mirrors.sohu.com/centos/7.3.1611/isos/x86_64/CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1611.iso

在三台装好的虚拟机上分别加三块 100G 的硬盘。如图所示：

基于 CentOS 7.3 安装部署 jewel 版本 Ceph 集群实战演练

3. 配置 ip

ceph-1	ceph-2	ceph-3
192.168.42.200	192.168.42.201	192.168.42.203

修改可参照下面的配置文件即可
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33
TYPE=Ethernet
BOOTPROTO=none
DEFROUTE=yes
PEERDNS=yes
PEERROUTES=yes
NAME=ens33
DEVICE=ens33
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR=192.168.42.200
GATEWAY=192.168.42.2
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
DNS1=8.8.8.8
DNS2=8.8.4.4

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart network

4. 修改 yum 源，官网的 yum 源可能会很慢，所以可以添加 ali 的

[root@localhost ~]# yum clean all
[root@localhost ~]# curl http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo >/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
[root@localhost ~]# curl http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo >/etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo
[root@localhost ~]# sed -i ‘/aliyuncs/d’ /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
[root@localhost ~]# sed -i ‘/aliyuncs/d’ /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo
[root@localhost ~]# yum makecache

5. 修改主机名和安装一些软件

[root@localhost ~]#

6. 最后的工作，将各个主机的 IP 加入各自的 /etc/hosts 中
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.42.200 ceph-1
192.168.42.201 ceph-2
192.168.42.202 ceph-3

7. 重启服务器环境生效。

二、集群搭建

1. 集群配置如下：

主机	IP	功能
ceph-1	192.168.42.200	deploy、mon1、osd3
ceph-2	192.168.42.201	mon1、osd3
ceph-3	192.168.42.202	mon1、osd3

2. 环境清理

如果之前部署失败了，不必删除 ceph 客户端，或者重新搭建虚拟机，只需要在每个节点上执行如下指令即可将环境清理至刚安装完 ceph 客户端时的状态！强烈建议在旧集群上搭建之前清理干净环境，否则会发生各种异常情况。
[root@ceph-1 cluster]# ps aux|grep ceph |awk ‘{print $2}’|xargs kill -9
[root@ceph-1 cluster]# ps aux|grep ceph #确保所有进程已经结束
ps -ef|grep ceph
# 确保此时所有 ceph 进程都已经关闭！！！如果没有关闭，多执行几次。
umount /var/lib/ceph/osd/*
rm -rf /var/lib/ceph/osd/*
rm -rf /var/lib/ceph/mon/*
rm -rf /var/lib/ceph/mds/*
rm -rf /var/lib/ceph/bootstrap-mds/*
rm -rf /var/lib/ceph/bootstrap-osd/*
rm -rf /var/lib/ceph/bootstrap-rgw/*
rm -rf /var/lib/ceph/tmp/*
rm -rf /etc/ceph/*
rm -rf /var/run/ceph/*

3.yum 源及 ceph 的安装
需要在每个主机上执行以下指令
yum clean all
rm -rf /etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo
sed -i ‘/aliyuncs/d’ /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
sed -i ‘/aliyuncs/d’ /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo
sed -i ‘s/$releasever/7/g’ /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo

4. 增加 ceph 的源
vim /etc/yum.repos.d/ceph.repo
添加以下内容：
[ceph]
name=ceph
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/ceph/rpm-jewel/el7/x86_64/
gpgcheck=0
[ceph-noarch]
name=cephnoarch
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/ceph/rpm-jewel/el7/noarch/
gpgcheck=0

5. 安装 ceph 客户端：

yum makecache
yum install ceph ceph-radosgw rdate -y
关闭 selinux&firewalld
sed -i ‘s/SELINUX=.*/SELINUX=disabled/’ /etc/selinux/config
setenforce 0
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld
同步各个节点时间：
yum -y install rdate
rdate -s time-a.nist.gov
echo rdate -s time-a.nist.gov >> /etc/rc.d/rc.local
chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local

6. 开始部署

在部署节点 (ceph-1) 安装 ceph-deploy，下文的部署节点统一指 ceph-1:
[root@ceph-1 ~]# yum -y install ceph-deploy
[root@ceph-1 ~]# ceph-deploy –version
1.5.34
[root@ceph-1 ~]# ceph -v
ceph version 10.2.2 (45107e21c568dd033c2f0a3107dec8f0b0e58374)

7. 在部署节点创建部署目录并开始部署：

[root@ceph-1 ~]# cd
[root@ceph-1 ~]# mkdir cluster
[root@ceph-1 ~]# cd cluster/
[root@ceph-1 cluster]# ceph-deploy new ceph-1 ceph-2 ceph-3

如果之前没有 ssh-copy-id 到各个节点，则需要输入一下密码，过程 log 如下：

[ceph_deploy.conf][DEBUG] found configuration file at: /root/.cephdeploy.conf
[ceph_deploy.cli][INFO] Invoked (1.5.34): /usr/bin/ceph-deploy new ceph-1 ceph-2 ceph-3
[ceph_deploy.cli][INFO] ceph-deploy options:
[ceph_deploy.cli][INFO] username : None
[ceph_deploy.cli][INFO] func : <function new at 0x7f91781f96e0>
[ceph_deploy.cli][INFO] verbose : False
[ceph_deploy.cli][INFO] overwrite_conf : False
[ceph_deploy.cli][INFO] quiet : False
[ceph_deploy.cli][INFO] cd_conf : <ceph_deploy.conf.cephdeploy.Conf instance at 0x7f917755ca28>
[ceph_deploy.cli][INFO] cluster : ceph
[ceph_deploy.cli][INFO] ssh_copykey : True
[ceph_deploy.cli][INFO] mon : [‘ceph-1’, ‘ceph-2’, ‘ceph-3’]
..
..
ceph_deploy.new][WARNIN] could not connect via SSH
[ceph_deploy.new][INFO] will connect again with password prompt
The authenticity of host ‘ceph-2 (192.168.57.223)’ can’t be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is ef:e2:3e:38:fa:47:f4:61:b7:4d:d3:24:de:d4:7a:54.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added ‘ceph-2,192.168.57.223’ (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
root
root@ceph-2’s password:
[ceph-2][DEBUG] connected to host: ceph-2

..
..
[ceph_deploy.new][DEBUG] Resolving host ceph-3
[ceph_deploy.new][DEBUG] Monitor ceph-3 at 192.168.57.224
[ceph_deploy.new][DEBUG] Monitor initial members are [‘ceph-1’, ‘ceph-2’, ‘ceph-3’]
[ceph_deploy.new][DEBUG] Monitor addrs are [‘192.168.57.222’, ‘192.168.57.223’, ‘192.168.57.224’]
[ceph_deploy.new][DEBUG] Creating a random mon key…
[ceph_deploy.new][DEBUG] Writing monitor keyring to ceph.mon.keyring…
[ceph_deploy.new][DEBUG] Writing initial config to ceph.conf…

此时，目录内容如下：

[root@ceph-1 cluster]# ls
ceph.conf ceph-deploy-ceph.log ceph.mon.keyring

8. 根据自己的 IP 配置向 ceph.conf 中添加 public_network，并稍微增大 mon 之间时差允许范围(默认为 0.05s，现改为 2s)：

[root@ceph-1 cluster]# echo public_network=192.168.57.0/24 >> ceph.conf
[root@ceph-1 cluster]# echo mon_clock_drift_allowed = 2 >> ceph.conf
[root@ceph-1 cluster]# cat ceph.conf
[global]
fsid = 0248817a-b758-4d6b-a217-11248b098e10
mon_initial_members = ceph-1, ceph-2, ceph-3
mon_host = 192.168.57.222,192.168.57.223,192.168.57.224
auth_cluster_required = cephx
auth_service_required = cephx
auth_client_required = cephx
public_network=192.168.57.0/24
mon_clock_drift_allowed = 2

9. 开始部署 monitor:
[root@ceph-1 cluster]# ceph-deploy mon create-initial
..
.. 若干 log
[root@ceph-1 cluster]# ls
ceph.bootstrap-mds.keyring ceph.bootstrap-rgw.keyring ceph.conf ceph.mon.keyring
ceph.bootstrap-osd.keyring ceph.client.admin.keyring ceph-deploy-ceph.log

10. 查看集群状态：
[root@ceph-1 cluster]# ceph -s
cluster 0248817a-b758-4d6b-a217-11248b098e10
health HEALTH_ERR
no osds
Monitor clock skew detected
monmap e1: 3 mons at {ceph-1=192.168.57.222:6789/0,ceph-2=192.168.57.223:6789/0,ceph-3=192.168.57.224:6789/0}
election epoch 6, quorum 0,1,2 ceph-1,ceph-2,ceph-3
osdmap e1: 0 osds: 0 up, 0 in
flags sortbitwise
pgmap v2: 64 pgs, 1 pools, 0 bytes data, 0 objects
0 kB used, 0 kB / 0 kB avail
64 creating

11. 开始部署 OSD:
ceph-deploy –overwrite-conf osd prepare ceph-1:/dev/sdb ceph-1:/dev/sdc ceph-1:/dev/sdd ceph-2:/dev/sdb ceph-2:/dev/sdc ceph-2:/dev/sdd ceph-3:/dev/sdb ceph-3:/dev/sdc ceph-3:/dev/sdd –zap-disk
ceph-deploy –overwrite-conf osd activate ceph-1:/dev/sdb1 ceph-1:/dev/sdc1 ceph-1:/dev/sdd1 ceph-2:/dev/sdb1 ceph-2:/dev/sdc1 ceph-2:/dev/sdd1 ceph-3:/dev/sdb1 ceph-3:/dev/sdc1 ceph-3:/dev/sdd1

我在部署的时候出了个小问题，有一个 OSD 没成功(待所有 OSD 部署完毕后，再重新部署问题 OSD 即可解决)，如果不出意外的话，集群状态应该如下：
1234567891011 [root@ceph-1 cluster]# ceph -s
cluster 0248817a-b758-4d6b-a217-11248b098e10
health HEALTH_WARN
too few PGs per OSD (21 < min 30)
monmap e1: 3 mons at {ceph-1=192.168.57.222:6789/0,ceph-2=192.168.57.223:6789/0,ceph-3=192.168.57.224:6789/0}
election epoch 22, quorum 0,1,2 ceph-1,ceph-2,ceph-3
osdmap e45: 9 osds: 9 up, 9 in
flags sortbitwise
pgmap v82: 64 pgs, 1 pools, 0 bytes data, 0 objects
273 MB used, 16335 GB / 16336 GB avail
64 active+clean

12. 去除这个 WARN，只需要增加 rbd 池的 PG 就好：
[root@ceph-1 cluster]# ceph osd pool set rbd pg_num 128
set pool 0 pg_num to 128
[root@ceph-1 cluster]# ceph osd pool set rbd pgp_num 128
set pool 0 pgp_num to 128
[root@ceph-1 cluster]# ceph -s
cluster 0248817a-b758-4d6b-a217-11248b098e10
health HEALTH_ERR
19 pgs are stuck inactive for more than 300 seconds
12 pgs peering
19 pgs stuck inactive
monmap e1: 3 mons at {ceph-1=192.168.57.222:6789/0,ceph-2=192.168.57.223:6789/0,ceph-3=192.168.57.224:6789/0}
election epoch 22, quorum 0,1,2 ceph-1,ceph-2,ceph-3
osdmap e49: 9 osds: 9 up, 9 in
flags sortbitwise
pgmap v96: 128 pgs, 1 pools, 0 bytes data, 0 objects
308 MB used, 18377 GB / 18378 GB avail
103 active+clean
12 peering
9 creating
4 activating

[root@ceph-1 cluster]# ceph -s
cluster 0248817a-b758-4d6b-a217-11248b098e10
health HEALTH_OK
monmap e1: 3 mons at {ceph-1=192.168.57.222:6789/0,ceph-2=192.168.57.223:6789/0,ceph-3=192.168.57.224:6789/0}
election epoch 22, quorum 0,1,2 ceph-1,ceph-2,ceph-3
osdmap e49: 9 osds: 9 up, 9 in
flags sortbitwise
pgmap v99: 128 pgs, 1 pools, 0 bytes data, 0 objects
310 MB used, 18377 GB / 18378 GB avail
128 active+clean

至此，集群部署完毕。

13.config 推送

请不要使用直接修改某个节点的 /etc/ceph/ceph.conf 文件的方式，而是去部署节点 (此处为 ceph-1:/root/cluster/ceph.conf) 目录下修改。因为节点到几十个的时候，不可能一个个去修改的，采用推送的方式快捷安全！
修改完毕后，执行如下指令，将 conf 文件推送至各个节点：

[root@ceph-1 cluster]# ceph-deploy –overwrite-conf config push ceph-1 ceph-2 ceph-3

此时，需要重启各个节点的 monitor 服务，见下一节。

14.mon&osd 启动方式

#monitor start/stop/restart
#ceph- 1 为各个 monitor 所在节点的主机名。
systemctl start ceph-mon@ceph-1.service
systemctl restart ceph-mon@ceph-1.service
systemctl stop ceph-mon@ceph-1.service
#OSD start/stop/restart
#0 为该节点的 OSD 的 id，可以通过 `ceph osd tree` 查看
systemctl start/stop/restart ceph-osd@0.service
[root@ceph-1 cluster]# ceph osd tree
ID WEIGHT TYPE NAME UP/DOWN REWEIGHT PRIMARY-AFFINITY
-1 17.94685 root default
-2 5.98228 host ceph-1
0 1.99409 osd.0 up 1.00000 1.00000
1 1.99409 osd.1 up 1.00000 1.00000
8 1.99409 osd.2 up 1.00000 1.00000
-3 5.98228 host ceph-2
2 1.99409 osd.3 up 1.00000 1.00000
3 1.99409 osd.4 up 1.00000 1.00000
4 1.99409 osd.5 up 1.00000 1.00000
-4 5.98228 host ceph-3
5 1.99409 osd.6 up 1.00000 1.00000
6 1.99409 osd.7 up 1.00000 1.00000
7 1.99409 osd.8 up 1.00000 1.00000