Linux FTP配置文件说明

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Linux 下实现 FTP 服务的软件很多, 最常见的有 vsftpd,Wu-ftpd 和 Proftp 等.Red Hat Enterprise Linux 中默认安装的是 vsftpd。

访问 FTP 服务器时需要经过验证, 只有经过了 FTP 服务器的相关验证, 用户才能访问和传输文件.vsftpd 提供了 3 种 ftp 登录形式:

(1)anonymous(匿名帐号)

使用 anonymous 是应用广泛的一种 FTP 服务器. 如果用户在 FTP 服务器上没有帐号, 那么用户可以以 anonymous 为用户名, 以自己的电子邮件地址为密码进行登录. 当匿名用户登录 FTP 服务器后, 其登录目录为匿名 FTP 服务器的根目录 /var/ftp. 为了减轻 FTP 服务器的负载, 一般情况下, 应关闭匿名帐号的上传功能.

(2)real(真实帐号)

real 也称为本地帐号, 就是以真实的用户名和密码进行登录, 但前提条件是用户在 FTP 服务器上拥有自己的帐号. 用真实帐号登录后, 其登录的目录为用户自己的目录, 该目录在系统建立帐号时系统就自动创建.

(3)guest(虚拟帐号)

如果用户在 FTP 服务器上拥有帐号, 但此帐号只能用于文件传输服务, 那么该帐号就是 guest,guest 是真实帐号的一种形式, 它们的不同之处在于,geust 登录 FTP 服务器后, 不能访问除宿主目录以外的内容.

二 .FTP 相关配置文件说明

其相关配置文件有 /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf, /etc/vsftpd.ftpusers, /etc/vsftpd.user_list, 在配置 FTP 服务器时, 主要是修改这些文件中的相关语句.

1.vsftpd.conf文件说明

# Example config file /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf

#

# The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file

# loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable.

# Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults.

#

# READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options.

# Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd’s

# capabilities.

#

# Allow anonymous FTP? (Beware – allowed by default if you comment this out).

anonymous_enable=YES // 是否允许 anonymous 登录 FTP 服务器, 默认是允许的.

#

# Uncomment this to allow local users to log in.

local_enable=YES // 是否允许本地用户登录 FTP 服务器, 默认是允许

#

# Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.

write_enable=YES // 是否允许用户具有在 FTP 服务器文件中执行写的权限, 默认是允许

#

# Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022,

# if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd’s)

local_umask=022 // 设置本地用户的文件生成掩码为 022, 默认是 077

#

# Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only

# has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will

# obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user.

#anon_upload_enable=YES

#

# Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create

# new directories.

#anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES // 是否允许匿名账户在 FTP 服务器中创建目录

#

# Activate directory messages – messages given to remote users when they

# go into a certain directory.

dirmessage_enable=YES // 激活目录信息, 当远程用户更改目录时, 将出现提示信息

#

# Activate logging of uploads/downloads.

xferlog_enable=YES // 启用上传和下载日志功能

#

# Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).

connect_from_port_20=YES // 启用 FTP 数据端口的连接请求

#

# If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by

# a different user. Note! Using “root” for uploaded files is not

# recommended!

#chown_uploads=YES

#chown_username=whoever

#

# You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown

# below.

#xferlog_file=/var/log/vsftpd.log // 设置日志文件的文件名和存储路径, 这是默认的

#

# If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format

xferlog_std_format=YES// 是否使用标准的 ftpd xferlog 日志文件格式

#

# You may change the default value for timing out an idle session.

#idle_session_timeout=600 // 设置空闲的用户会话中断时间, 默认是 10 分钟

#

# You may change the default value for timing out a data connection.

#data_connection_timeout=120// 设置数据连接超时时间, 默认是 120 秒.

#

# It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the

# ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user.

#nopriv_user=ftpsecure

#

# Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not

# recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it,

# however, may confuse older FTP clients.

#async_abor_enable=YES

#

# By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore

# the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII

# mangling on files when in ASCII mode.

# Beware that turning on ascii_download_enable enables malicious remote parties

# to consume your I/O resources, by issuing the command “SIZE /big/file” in

# ASCII mode.

# These ASCII options are split into upload and download because you may wish

# to enable ASCII uploads (to prevent uploaded scripts etc. from breaking),

# without the DoS risk of SIZE and ASCII downloads. ASCII mangling should be

# on the client anyway..

#ascii_upload_enable=YES

#ascii_download_enable=YES // 是否允许使用 ASCII 格式来上传和下载文件

#

# You may fully customise the login banner string:

#ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service.// 在 FTP 服务器中设置欢迎登录的信息.

#

# You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently

# useful for combatting certain DoS attacks.

#deny_email_enable=YES

# (default follows)

#banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd.banned_emails

#

# You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home

# directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of

# users to NOT chroot().

#chroot_list_enable=YES // 如果希望用户登录后不能切换到自己目录��外的其它目录, 需要设置该项, 如果设置 chroot_list_enable=YES, 那么只允许 /etc/vsftpd.chroot_list 中列出的用户具有该功能. 如果希望所有的本地用户都执行者 chroot, 可以增加一行:chroot_local_user=YES

# (default follows)

#chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list

#

# You may activate the “-R” option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by

# default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large

# sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as “ncftp” and “mirror” assume

# the presence of the “-R” option, so there is a strong case for enabling it.

#ls_recurse_enable=YES

pam_service_name=vsftpd // 设置 PAM 认证服务的配置文件名称, 该文件存放在 /etc/pam.d/ 目录下.

userlist_enable=YES // 用户列表中的用户是否允许登录 FTP 服务器, 默认是不允许

#enable for standalone mode

listen=YES // 使 vsftpd 处于独立启动模式