Git仓库服务器SSH认证示例

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Git 在用户管理及管理上，下面上三种解决办法：

如果需要团队里的每个人都对仓库有写权限，又不能给每个人在服务器上建立账户，那么提供 SSH 连接就是唯一的选择了。我们假设用来共享仓库的服务器已经安装了 SSH 服务，而且你通过它访问服务器。

有好几个办法可以让团队的每个人都有访问权。

第一个办法是给每个人建立一个账户，直截了当但过于繁琐。反复的运行 adduser 并且给所有人设定临时密码可不是好玩的。

第二个办法是在主机上建立一个 git 账户，让每个需要写权限的人发送一个 SSH 公钥，然后将其加入 git 账户的 ~/.ssh /authorized_keys 文件。这样一来，所有人都将通过 git 账户访问主机。这丝毫不会影响提交的数据——访问主机用的身份不会影响 commit 的记录。

另一个办法是让 SSH 服务器通过某个 LDAP 服务，或者其他已经设定好的集中授权机制，来进行授权。只要每个人都能获得主机的 shell 访问权，任何可用的 SSH 授权机制都能达到相同效 # 如果需要团队里的每个人都对仓库有写权限，又不能给每个人在服务器上建立账户，那么提供 SSH 连接就是唯一的选择了。我们假设用来共享仓库的服务器已经安装了 SSH 服务，而且你通过它访问服务器。

git 共享仓库服务器：Linuxidc.lansgg.com 192.168.100.128

git 客户测试机：node1.lansgg.com 192.168.100.129

方法一示例、

git 仓库服务器，新建仓库，测试机获取 git 仓库，修改，远程上传。ssh 方式
[root@Linuxidc ~]# useradd -d /opt/gitServer gitServer
[root@Linuxidc ~]# echo “git”|passwd –stdin gitServer
更改用户 gitServer 的密码。
passwd：所有的身份验证令牌已经成功更新。
[root@Linuxidc ~]# yum install git -y
[root@Linuxidc ~]# su – gitServer
[gitServer@Linuxidc ~]$ ls
[gitServer@Linuxidc ~]$ mkdir TestProject.git
[gitServer@Linuxidc ~]$ cd TestProject.git/
[gitServer@Linuxidc TestProject.git]$ git –bare init
Initialized empty Git repository in /opt/gitServer/TestProject.git/
[gitServer@Linuxidc TestProject.git]$ ls
branches config description HEAD hooks info objects refs

客户测试机

[root@node1 ~]# useradd -d /opt/gitServer gitServer
[root@node1 ~]# echo “gitServer” |passwd –stdin gitServer
更改用户 gitServer 的密码。
passwd：所有的身份验证令牌已经成功更新。
[root@node1 ~]# su – gitServer
[root@node1 ~]# git clone gitServer@192.168.100.128:/opt/gitServer/TestProject.git
Initialized empty Git repository in /root/TestProject/.git/
The authenticity of host ‘192.168.100.128 (192.168.100.128)’ can’t be established.
RSA key fingerprint is 9f:32:3a:b0:db:03:b6:c8:fc:a0:47:6c:e5:d1:b0:6a.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added ‘192.168.100.128’ (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
gitServer@192.168.100.128’s password:
warning: You appear to have cloned an empty repository.
[root@node1 ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg install.log install.log.syslog TestProject
[root@node1 ~]# cd TestProject/
[root@node1 TestProject]# echo “test file” > test.file
[root@node1 TestProject]# git add test.file
[root@node1 TestProject]# git config –global user.name “gitServer”
[root@node1 TestProject]# git config –global user.email git@lansgg.com
[root@node1 TestProject]# git commit -m “test commit” test.file
[master 96bf273] test commit
1 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 1 deletions(-)
[gitServer@node1 TestProject]$ git remote add test_remote_origin ssh://192.168.100.128/opt/gitServer/TestProject.git
[gitServer@node1 TestProject]$ git push test_remote_origin master
gitServer@192.168.100.128’s password:
Counting objects: 5, done.
Writing objects: 100% (3/3), 252 bytes, done.
Total 3 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
To ssh://192.168.100.128/opt/gitServer/TestProject.git
7e2e4a4..96bf273 master -> master

git 仓库服务端

[gitServer@Linuxidc TestProject.git]$ git log
commit 96bf2738c6602283ea91778b999f7adf66c0082c
Author: gitServer <gitServer@lansgg.com>
Date: Tue Sep 22 17:05:12 2015 +0800

test commit

我们可以随便找个目录 clone 下，看看是否存在刚刚提交的 test.file

[root@Linuxidc ~]# mkdir /opt/tt
[root@Linuxidc ~]# cd /opt/tt
[root@Linuxidc tt]# git clone gitServer@192.168.100.128:/opt/gitServer/TestProject.git
Initialized empty Git repository in /opt/tt/TestProject/.git/
The authenticity of host ‘192.168.100.128 (192.168.100.128)’ can’t be established.
RSA key fingerprint is 9f:32:3a:b0:db:03:b6:c8:fc:a0:47:6c:e5:d1:b0:6a.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added ‘192.168.100.128’ (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
gitServer@192.168.100.128’s password:
remote: Counting objects: 6, done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (2/2), done.
Receiving objects: 100% (6/6), 435 bytes, done.
remote: Total 6 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
[root@Linuxidc tt]# ls
TestProject
[root@Linuxidc tt]# cd TestProject/
[root@Linuxidc TestProject]# ls
test.file
[root@Linuxidc TestProject]# cat test.file
test file abc
[root@Linuxidc TestProject]#

方法二示例、

在测试机创建两个账户 user1 user2，分别将秘钥上传至 git 仓库侧，

[root@node1 ~]# useradd -d /opt/user1 user1
[root@node1 ~]# echo “user1” |passwd –stdin user1
更改用户 user1 的密码。
passwd：所有的身份验证令牌已经成功更新。
[root@node1 ~]# useradd -d /opt/user2 user2
[root@node1 ~]# echo “user2” |passwd –stdin user2
更改用户 user2 的密码。
passwd：所有的身份验证令牌已经成功更新。
[root@node1 ~]#

[root@node1 ~]# su – user1
[user1@node1 ~]$ ssh-keygen -t rsa
[root@node1 ~]# su – user2
[user1@node1 ~]$ ssh-keygen -t rsa

分别将 user1、user2 用户的公钥新增 git 仓库服务器侧的

[user2@node1 .ssh]$ pwd
/opt/user2/.ssh
[user2@node1 .ssh]$ ll
总用量 8
-rw——-. 1 user2 user2 1671 9 月 22 17:18 id_rsa
-rw-r–r–. 1 user2 user2 404 9 月 22 17:18 id_rsa.pub
[user2@node1 .ssh]$ cat id_rsa.pub
ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAQEAp0Im8iL7UR2b0PWrJ98YY/nqvjnuYWNc2F52SYn1/WA8rwGBWW0WBmKMoyW8YfSpCVk7QbyhX48Y3KF/Gf16CWRMm8xuyA+S5Seq3ZGnLbbVhb0OMO8VDAldovnIuPdI6005+ux/WbG1FKr3WxGs5k92ZO9hbXxpcVAwpvHY47t1v2LH5fW2jThypWMolUdp9TaNy7FkD2zaUNhbdqM1w67OSydiHAMfj183sEso9TykiXJvwlJeLdUMFywPTwfVqu2rxV0lY68B2mwr1pl5mcGPA4/0ruX8vSFsFLev8+yi7LjccChAu/suPIFGLqRXrkW8ymsN/l3CkldnS9Y0BQ== user2@node1.lansgg.com
[user2@node1 .ssh]$

git 仓库服务侧

[gitServer@Linuxidc ~]$ mkdir .ssh && chmod 700 .ssh
[gitServer@Linuxidc ~]$ touch .ssh/authorized_keys && chmod 600 .ssh/authorized_keys

[gitServer@Linuxidc ~]$ cat .ssh/authorized_keys
ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAQEA1pII1U64N/wl1OXotWdcU8d8+ad0q6tkqdBgXLcR5zqXIq9PPe1NeLJ5HS9UIvZeN/LEyXGYh+fyg8tFQ+2PN3CmxnVwwcciyl1AKAgTeKUdleh8qcXPZkI0YZBpgTbuYWYHNjA6Qd9cvJSdKe9cVvwsv7N1z17Mx1uIfNSuSZ9e4XqUsJksBAzAYEGar4S13+Y/il7lquwkrdVBiWfWHmf/WoeY2RnzNBe9YtPVFUPL8HEoYyYaU+YXXMZKOZ8JwuLu1CPDJHTquSTyqdEwmgJWDdoiipgtyVOEVGZC0CqV16M2YpVqw26rrZ+nXUQYEnTrWyIiqt8/xvzmeDIf0Q== user1@node1.lansgg.com
ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAQEAp0Im8iL7UR2b0PWrJ98YY/nqvjnuYWNc2F52SYn1/WA8rwGBWW0WBmKMoyW8YfSpCVk7QbyhX48Y3KF/Gf16CWRMm8xuyA+S5Seq3ZGnLbbVhb0OMO8VDAldovnIuPdI6005+ux/WbG1FKr3WxGs5k92ZO9hbXxpcVAwpvHY47t1v2LH5fW2jThypWMolUdp9TaNy7FkD2zaUNhbdqM1w67OSydiHAMfj183sEso9TykiXJvwlJeLdUMFywPTwfVqu2rxV0lY68B2mwr1pl5mcGPA4/0ruX8vSFsFLev8+yi7LjccChAu/suPIFGLqRXrkW8ymsN/l3CkldnS9Y0BQ== user2@node1.lansgg.com
[gitServer@Linuxidc ~]$

客户测试机无需用户名、密码

[user1@node1 ~]$ git clone gitServer@192.168.100.128:/opt/gitServer/TestProject.git
Initialized empty Git repository in /opt/user1/TestProject/.git/
The authenticity of host ‘192.168.100.128 (192.168.100.128)’ can’t be established.
RSA key fingerprint is 9f:32:3a:b0:db:03:b6:c8:fc:a0:47:6c:e5:d1:b0:6a.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added ‘192.168.100.128’ (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
remote: Counting objects: 9, done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (3/3), done.
remote: Total 9 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
Receiving objects: 100% (9/9), done.
[user1@node1 ~]$

如果提交过程：提示如下错误

Counting objects: 3, done.
Writing objects: 100% (3/3), 247 bytes | 0 bytes/s, done.
Total 3 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
remote: error: refusing to update checked out branch: refs/heads/master
remote: error: By default, updating the current branch in a non-bare repository
remote: error: is denied, because it will make the index and work tree inconsistent
remote: error: with what you pushed, and will require ‘git reset –hard’ to match
remote: error: the work tree to HEAD.
remote: error:
remote: error: You can set ‘receive.denyCurrentBranch’ configuration variable to
remote: error: ‘ignore’ or ‘warn’ in the remote repository to allow pushing into
remote: error: its current branch; however, this is not recommended unless you
remote: error: arranged to update its work tree to match what you pushed in some
remote: error: other way.
remote: error:
remote: error: To squelch this message and still keep the default behaviour, set
remote: error: ‘receive.denyCurrentBranch’ configuration variable to ‘refuse’.

试着将如下配置新增到

[git@JumpServer1 pl.git]$ cat .git/config
[receive]
denyCurrentBranch = ignore

再次提交

GitHub 教程系列文章：

GitHub 使用教程图文详解 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2014-09/106230.htm

Git 标签管理详解 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2014-09/106231.htm

Git 分支管理详解 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2014-09/106232.htm

Git 远程仓库详解 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2014-09/106233.htm

Git 本地仓库（Repository）详解 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2014-09/106234.htm

Git 服务器搭建与客户端安装 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2014-05/101830.htm

Git 概述 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2014-05/101829.htm

分享实用的GitHub 使用教程 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2014-04/100556.htm