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最近要上线一个新项目，需要软负载，本来决定用 nginx 做反向代理，但装完 nginx 以后，发现 nginx 无法显示 css、js，目前还在研究中，但由于项目较急，所以依然采用了经典架构 LVS+Keepalived 来实现。
环境：
LVS-01 192.168.199.117 MASTER
LVS-02 192.168.199.118 BACKUP
WEB-01 192.168.199.113
WEB-02 192.168.199.114
VIP 192.168.199.119
编译安装 LVS
ln -s/usr/src/kernels/2.6.18-308.el5-x86_64/ /usr/src/linux
wget http://www.linuxvirtualserver.org/software/kernel-2.6/ipvsadm-1.26.tar.gz
tar zxf ipvsadm-1.26.tar.gz
cd ipvsadm-1.26
make
发现报错，报错结果如下：
make[1]: *** [libipvs.o] Error1
make[1]: Leaving directory`/root/tools/ipvsadm-1.26/libipvs’
make: *** [libs] Error 2
经查询，有好多种说法，均没有解决我的问题：
1、有的说是需要做内核软链接 ln-s /usr/src/kernels/2.6.18-308.el5-x86_64/ /usr/src/linux
2、有的说是要 yuminstall gcc-*
3、还有的说是 yum installlibnl* popt*
以上方法可能适用于其实环境，但是在我的机器上面均无效。折腾了好久，请教高手，又是查看 http://www.linuxvirtualserver.org/Documents.html 官方说明文档，最终认为版本与内核不匹配，总结为以下 2 点：
1、ipvsadm-1.26 版本适合 kernel 2.6.28-rc3 及以后
2、选择好相应的 ipvsadm 后，还要选择相对应的 keepalived，否则会出现启动 keepalived 后，没有 realserver 列表。大致显示就是这样：
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1(size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:PortScheduler Flags
-> RemoteAddress:Port Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
好了，问题找到了，重新操作，下载低版本的 ipvsadm，我的内核版本为 2.6.18-308.el5-x86_64，用 ipvsadm-1.24 测试正常，keepalived 的版本为 keepalived-1.1.15，具体操作如下：
安装 LVS
ln -s/usr/src/kernels/2.6.18-308.el5-x86_64/ /usr/src/linux
wget http://www.linuxvirtualserver.org/software/kernel-2.6/ipvsadm-1.24.tar.gz
tar zxvf ipvsadm-1.24.tar.gz
cd ipvsadm-1.24
make
make install
cd ..
ipvsadm –version
安装 keepalived
wget http://www.keepalived.org/software/keepalived-1.1.15.tar.gz
tar zxfkeepalived-1.1.15.tar.gz
cd keepalived-1.1.15
./configure
make
make install
cp/usr/local/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived /etc/init.d/
cp/usr/local/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig/
mkdir /etc/keepalived/
cp/usr/local/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /etc/keepalived/
cp /usr/local/sbin/keepalived/usr/sbin/
/etc/init.d/keepalived start
至此，安装完毕，下面配置文件。
LVS-01 上面 keepalived 的配置文件，主与备基本一致，不同的为红色部分
vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File forkeepalived
global_defs {
router_id LVS-01 #routeid
}
vrrp_instance LVS {
state MASTER #备上为 BACKUP
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 251
priority 100 #备节点上比主的数值要小
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.199.119
}
}
virtual_server 192.168.199.11980 {
delay_loop 6
lb_algo wrr
lb_kind DR
persistence_timeout 60 #会话保持
protocol TCP
real_server 192.168.199.113 80 {
weight 1
TCP_CHECK {
connect_timeout 10
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
connect_port 80
}
}
real_server 192.168.168.199.114 80 {
weight 1
TCP_CHECK {
connect_timeout 10
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
connect_port 80
}
}
}
启动 keealived
/etc/init.d/keepalived restart
检查是否有 VIP
[root@localhost ipvsadm-1.26]#ip add
1: lo:<LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0:<BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:70:47:f4 brdff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.199.117/24 brd 192.168.199.255scope global eth0
inet 192.168.199.119/32 scope global eth0
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe70:47f4/64 scopelink
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: sit0: <NOARP> mtu 1480qdisc noop
link/sit 0.0.0.0 brd 0.0.0.0
检查是否有 realserver 列表
[root@localhost ipvsadm-1.26]#ipvsadm -Ln
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1(size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:PortScheduler Flags
-> RemoteAddress:Port Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP 192.168.199.119:80 wrr
-> 192.168.199.113:80 Route 1 0 0
-> 192.168.199.114:80 Route 1 0 0
最后别忘了，有 realserver 上面配置 VIP 和 ARP 抑制，这个用脚本就好啦，具体如下：
[root@localhost tools]# cat realserver.sh
#!/bin/sh
[-f”/etc/init.d/functions”] && . /etc/init.d/functions
VIP=(
192.168.199.119
)
start(){
#bind VIP
for ((i=0;i<${#VIP[*]};i++))
do
/sbin/ifconfig lo:$i ${VIP[$i]} netmask255.255.255.255 up >/dev/null2>&1
done
#ARP restrain
echo “1”>/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore
echo “2”>/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce
echo “1”>/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore
echo “2”>/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce
}
stop(){
for ((i=0;i<${#VIP[*]};i++))
do
/sbin/ifconfig lo:$i ${VIP[$i]} netmask255.255.255.255 down
done
echo “0”>/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore
echo “0”>/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce
echo “0”>/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore
echo “0”>/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce
}
case “$1” in
start)
start
if [$? -eq 0];then
action “ipvs start sucess” /bin/true
else
action “ipvs start failed “/bin/false
fi
;;
stop)
stop
if [$? -eq 0];then
action “ipvs stop sucess” /bin/true
else
action “ipvs stop failed “/bin/false
fi
;;
*)
echo “USAGE:$0{start|stop}”
esac
执行完成后，查看 VIP
[root@localhost tools]# ip add
1: lo:<LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
inet 192.168.199.119/32 brd 192.168.199.119scope global lo:0
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0:<BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:41:7c:7e brdff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.199.114/24 brd 192.168.199.255scope global eth0
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe41:7c7e/64 scopelink
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: sit0: <NOARP> mtu 1480qdisc noop
link/sit 0.0.0.0 brd 0.0.0.0
剩下的就是故障模拟与测试了，在此就不多写了。
Linux 服务器 LB 群集之 LVS-NAT http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-05/84774.htm
Linux 下群集服务之 LB 集群 -LVS-NAT 模式 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2012-05/59839.htm
LVS-NAT+ipvsadm 实现 RHEL 5.7 上的服务集群 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2012-04/58936.htm
Linux 虚拟服务器 LVS-NAT 和 LVS-DR 模型的实现 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2011-09/42934.htm
LVS+Keepalived 高可用负载均衡集群架构实验 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2015-01/112560.htm
