Ubuntu下Cacti安装配置图文详解

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前言：

原本是想源码安装的，但是现在发现还是太麻烦了，就直接通过 apt-get install 安装了。

一、Cacti 概述

1. Cacti 是用 php 语言实现的一个软件，它的主要功能是用 snmp 服务获取数据，然后用 rrdtool 储存和更新数据，当用户需要查看数据的时候用 rrdtool 生成图表呈现给用户。因此，snmp 和 rrdtool 是 cacti 的关键。Snmp 关系着数据的收集，rrdtool 关系着数据存储和图表的生成。

2. MySQL 配合 PHP 程序存储一些变量数据并对变量数据进行调用，如：主机名、主机 ip、snmp 团体名、端口号、模板信息等变量。

3. snmp 抓到数据不是存储在 mysql 中，而是存在 rrdtool 生成的 rrd 文件中（在 cacti 根目录的 rra 文件夹下）。rrdtool 对数据的更新和存储就是对 rrd 文件的处理，rrd 文件是大小固定的档案文件（Round Robin Archive），它能够存储的数据笔数在创建时就已经定义。

二、系统环境

1、Linux Ubuntu-server 3.5.0-23-generic x86_64

三、apache、mysql、php 安装

参考：http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2014-10/107924.htm

四、cacti 安装

enadmin@ubuntu-server:~$ apt-get update
enadmin@ubuntu-server:~$ sudo apt-get install cacti

通过这种方式安装会显示依赖包 

Reading package lists… Done
Building dependency tree     
Reading state information… Done
The following extra packages will be installed:
  libperl5.14 libphp-adodb libsensors4 libsnmp-base libsnmp15 mysql-server php5-snmp rrdtool snmp
Suggested packages:
  php5-ldap php5-adodb lm-sensors snmp-mibs-downloader
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  cacti libperl5.14 libphp-adodb libsensors4 libsnmp-base libsnmp15 mysql-server php5-snmp rrdtool snmp
0 upgraded, 10 newly installed, 0 to remove and 113 not upgraded.
Need to get 4,205 kB/4,574 kB of archives.
After this operation, 12.6 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue [Y/n]? y

Get:1 http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-security/main php5-cli amd64 5.3.10-1ubuntu3.13 [3,051 kB]
Get:2 http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-security/main php5-mysql amd64 5.3.10-1ubuntu3.13 [76.6 kB]                                                           
Get:3 http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-security/main php5-gd amd64 5.3.10-1ubuntu3.13 [38.8 kB]                                                               
Get:4 http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-security/main libapache2-mod-php5 amd64 5.3.10-1ubuntu3.13 [3,137 kB]                                                 
Get:5 http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-security/main php5-common amd64 5.3.10-1ubuntu3.13 [1,774 kB]                                                         
Get:6 http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-security/main libsnmp-base all 5.4.3~dfsg-2.4ubuntu1.2 [217 kB]                                                       
Get:7 http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-security/main libsnmp15 amd64 5.4.3~dfsg-2.4ubuntu1.2 [1,334 kB]                                                       
Get:8 http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-security/main mysql-server all 5.5.38-0ubuntu0.12.04.1 [11.4 kB]                                                       
Get:9 http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-security/main php5-snmp amd64 5.3.10-1ubuntu3.13 [11.0 kB]                                                             
Get:10 http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-security/main snmp amd64 5.4.3~dfsg-2.4ubuntu1.2 [162 kB]                                                             
Fetched 9,813 kB in 16s (594 kB/s)                                                                                                                                 
Preconfiguring packages …
Package configuration

下面是安装过程截图

选中 Apache2 以后，接下来再会安装一些软件 

Selecting previously unselected package libsensors4.                                                                                                               
(Reading database … 58559 files and directories currently installed.)
Unpacking libsensors4 (from …/libsensors4_1%3a3.3.1-2ubuntu1_amd64.deb) …
Preparing to replace php5-cli 5.3.10-1ubuntu3.10 (using …/php5-cli_5.3.10-1ubuntu3.13_amd64.deb) …
Unpacking replacement php5-cli …
Preparing to replace php5-mysql 5.3.10-1ubuntu3.10 (using …/php5-mysql_5.3.10-1ubuntu3.13_amd64.deb) …
Unpacking replacement php5-mysql …
Preparing to replace php5-gd 5.3.10-1ubuntu3.10 (using …/php5-gd_5.3.10-1ubuntu3.13_amd64.deb) …
Unpacking replacement php5-gd …
Preparing to replace libapache2-mod-php5 5.3.10-1ubuntu3.10 (using …/libapache2-mod-php5_5.3.10-1ubuntu3.13_amd64.deb) …
Unpacking replacement libapache2-mod-php5 …
Preparing to replace php5-common 5.3.10-1ubuntu3.10 (using …/php5-common_5.3.10-1ubuntu3.13_amd64.deb) …
Unpacking replacement php5-common …
Selecting previously unselected package libperl5.14.
Unpacking libperl5.14 (from …/libperl5.14_5.14.2-6ubuntu2.4_amd64.deb) …
Selecting previously unselected package libphp-adodb.
Unpacking libphp-adodb (from …/libphp-adodb_5.12-1_all.deb) …
Selecting previously unselected package libsnmp-base.
Unpacking libsnmp-base (from …/libsnmp-base_5.4.3~dfsg-2.4ubuntu1.2_all.deb) …
Selecting previously unselected package libsnmp15.
Unpacking libsnmp15 (from …/libsnmp15_5.4.3~dfsg-2.4ubuntu1.2_amd64.deb) …
Selecting previously unselected package mysql-server.
Unpacking mysql-server (from …/mysql-server_5.5.38-0ubuntu0.12.04.1_all.deb) …
Selecting previously unselected package php5-snmp.
Unpacking php5-snmp (from …/php5-snmp_5.3.10-1ubuntu3.13_amd64.deb) …
Selecting previously unselected package snmp.
Unpacking snmp (from …/snmp_5.4.3~dfsg-2.4ubuntu1.2_amd64.deb) …
Selecting previously unselected package rrdtool.
Unpacking rrdtool (from …/rrdtool_1.4.7-1_amd64.deb) …
Selecting previously unselected package cacti.
Unpacking cacti (from …/cacti_0.8.7i-2ubuntu1_all.deb) …
Processing triggers for man-db …
Setting up libsensors4 (1:3.3.1-2ubuntu1) …
Setting up php5-common (5.3.10-1ubuntu3.13) …
Setting up php5-cli (5.3.10-1ubuntu3.13) …
Setting up libapache2-mod-php5 (5.3.10-1ubuntu3.13) …
* Reloading web server config apache2
  …done.
Setting up php5-mysql (5.3.10-1ubuntu3.13) …
Setting up php5-gd (5.3.10-1ubuntu3.13) …
Setting up libperl5.14 (5.14.2-6ubuntu2.4) …
Setting up libphp-adodb (5.12-1) …
Setting up libsnmp-base (5.4.3~dfsg-2.4ubuntu1.2) …
Setting up libsnmp15 (5.4.3~dfsg-2.4ubuntu1.2) …
Setting up mysql-server (5.5.38-0ubuntu0.12.04.1) …
Setting up php5-snmp (5.3.10-1ubuntu3.13) …
Setting up snmp (5.4.3~dfsg-2.4ubuntu1.2) …
Setting up rrdtool (1.4.7-1) …
Setting up cacti (0.8.7i-2ubuntu1) …
dbconfig-common: writing config to /etc/dbconfig-common/cacti.conf

Creating config file /etc/dbconfig-common/cacti.conf with new version

Creating config file /etc/cacti/debian.php with new version
granting access to database cacti for cacti@localhost: success.
verifying access for cacti@localhost: success.
creating database cacti: success.
verifying database cacti exists: success.
populating database via sql…  done.
dbconfig-common: flushing administrative password

Creating config file /etc/cacti/apache.conf with new version

Creating config file /etc/cacti/lighttpd.conf with new version
* Reloading web server config apache2
  …done.
Processing triggers for libc-bin …
ldconfig deferred processing now taking place

————————————– 分割线 ————————————–

RHEL6.4 中使用 Cacti+Spine 监控主机实现发送邮件报警 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-11/92795.htm

RHEL6.4 中使用 Cacti+Spine 监控远程主机 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-11/92796.htm

CentOS 5.5 完整安装 Cacti+Spine http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2011-12/49701.htm

CentOS 6 下 Cacti 搭建文档 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-06/86595.htm

RHEL5.9 下 Cacti 监控部署详解 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-06/85427.htm

CentOS 6.3 下 Cacti 安装详解 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-05/84279.htm

CentOS Linux 下快速安装配置 Cacti 中文版 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-03/81627.htm

————————————– 分割线 ————————————–

更多详情见请继续阅读下一页的精彩内容 ：http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2014-10/108129p2.htm

网页安装

在安装完上面内容以后，请进入以下地址 http://your-ip/cacti/ 再安装

安装 snmpd

enadmin@Ubuntu-server:~$ sudo apt-get install snmpd
Reading package lists… Done
Building dependency tree     
Reading state information… Done
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  snmpd
upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 146 not upgraded.
Need to get 76.0 kB of archives.
After this operation, 267 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Get:1 http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-security/main snmpd amd64 5.4.3~dfsg-2.4ubuntu1.2 [76.0 kB]
Fetched 76.0 kB in 0s (97.6 kB/s)
Preconfiguring packages …
Selecting previously unselected package snmpd.
(Reading database … 59498 files and directories currently installed.)
Unpacking snmpd (from …/snmpd_5.4.3~dfsg-2.4ubuntu1.2_amd64.deb) …
Processing triggers for ureadahead …
ureadahead will be reprofiled on next reboot
Processing triggers for man-db …
Setting up snmpd (5.4.3~dfsg-2.4ubuntu1.2) …
update-rc.d: warning: snmpd stop runlevel arguments (1) do not match LSB Default-Stop values (0 1 6)
* Starting network management services:
enadmin@ubuntu-server:~$

测试 snmp 的服务

enadmin@ubuntu-server:~$ snmpwalk -v 1 -c public localhost .1.3.6.1.2.1.1.1.0
iso.3.6.1.2.1.1.1.0 = STRING: “Linux ubuntu-server 3.5.0-23-generic #35~precise1-Ubuntu SMP Fri Jan 25 17:13:26 UTC 2013 x86_64”
enadmin@ubuntu-server:~$

查看 localhost 的监控画面

在配置完毕上述内容以后，正常情况下应该可以看到 cacti 对于自身 localhost 的的默认监控了。我们进入到 Graphs->Tree Mode->Default Tree->Host:Localhost 当中查看对于 localhost 的监控，如下图所示。

常见问题解决

问题 1：cacti 无法正常生成图片

在 cacti 当中看不到图片，通过 Turn Off Graph Debug Mode. 提示报错如下：

‘/var/lib/cacti/rra/localhost_users_6.rrd’: No such file or directory

解决方法：

这是因为权限问题原因导致的，系统无法生成相应的 rrd 文件，需要我们人工手动生成，具体操作方法如下：

Console->System Utilities->Rebuild Poller Cache

Cacti 的详细介绍 ：请点这里
Cacti 的下载地址 ：请点这里

更多 Ubuntu 相关信息见 Ubuntu 专题页面 http://www.linuxidc.com/topicnews.aspx?tid=2

前言：

原本是想源码安装的，但是现在发现还是太麻烦了，就直接通过 apt-get install 安装了。

一、Cacti 概述

1. Cacti 是用 php 语言实现的一个软件，它的主要功能是用 snmp 服务获取数据，然后用 rrdtool 储存和更新数据，当用户需要查看数据的时候用 rrdtool 生成图表呈现给用户。因此，snmp 和 rrdtool 是 cacti 的关键。Snmp 关系着数据的收集，rrdtool 关系着数据存储和图表的生成。

2. MySQL 配合 PHP 程序存储一些变量数据并对变量数据进行调用，如：主机名、主机 ip、snmp 团体名、端口号、模板信息等变量。

3. snmp 抓到数据不是存储在 mysql 中，而是存在 rrdtool 生成的 rrd 文件中（在 cacti 根目录的 rra 文件夹下）。rrdtool 对数据的更新和存储就是对 rrd 文件的处理，rrd 文件是大小固定的档案文件（Round Robin Archive），它能够存储的数据笔数在创建时就已经定义。

二、系统环境

1、Linux Ubuntu-server 3.5.0-23-generic x86_64

三、apache、mysql、php 安装

参考：http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2014-10/107924.htm

四、cacti 安装

enadmin@ubuntu-server:~$ apt-get update
enadmin@ubuntu-server:~$ sudo apt-get install cacti

通过这种方式安装会显示依赖包 

Reading package lists… Done
Building dependency tree     
Reading state information… Done
The following extra packages will be installed:
  libperl5.14 libphp-adodb libsensors4 libsnmp-base libsnmp15 mysql-server php5-snmp rrdtool snmp
Suggested packages:
  php5-ldap php5-adodb lm-sensors snmp-mibs-downloader
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  cacti libperl5.14 libphp-adodb libsensors4 libsnmp-base libsnmp15 mysql-server php5-snmp rrdtool snmp
0 upgraded, 10 newly installed, 0 to remove and 113 not upgraded.
Need to get 4,205 kB/4,574 kB of archives.
After this operation, 12.6 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue [Y/n]? y

Get:1 http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-security/main php5-cli amd64 5.3.10-1ubuntu3.13 [3,051 kB]
Get:2 http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-security/main php5-mysql amd64 5.3.10-1ubuntu3.13 [76.6 kB]                                                           
Get:3 http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-security/main php5-gd amd64 5.3.10-1ubuntu3.13 [38.8 kB]                                                               
Get:4 http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-security/main libapache2-mod-php5 amd64 5.3.10-1ubuntu3.13 [3,137 kB]                                                 
Get:5 http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-security/main php5-common amd64 5.3.10-1ubuntu3.13 [1,774 kB]                                                         
Get:6 http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-security/main libsnmp-base all 5.4.3~dfsg-2.4ubuntu1.2 [217 kB]                                                       
Get:7 http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-security/main libsnmp15 amd64 5.4.3~dfsg-2.4ubuntu1.2 [1,334 kB]                                                       
Get:8 http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-security/main mysql-server all 5.5.38-0ubuntu0.12.04.1 [11.4 kB]                                                       
Get:9 http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-security/main php5-snmp amd64 5.3.10-1ubuntu3.13 [11.0 kB]                                                             
Get:10 http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-security/main snmp amd64 5.4.3~dfsg-2.4ubuntu1.2 [162 kB]                                                             
Fetched 9,813 kB in 16s (594 kB/s)                                                                                                                                 
Preconfiguring packages …
Package configuration

下面是安装过程截图

选中 Apache2 以后，接下来再会安装一些软件 

Selecting previously unselected package libsensors4.                                                                                                               
(Reading database … 58559 files and directories currently installed.)
Unpacking libsensors4 (from …/libsensors4_1%3a3.3.1-2ubuntu1_amd64.deb) …
Preparing to replace php5-cli 5.3.10-1ubuntu3.10 (using …/php5-cli_5.3.10-1ubuntu3.13_amd64.deb) …
Unpacking replacement php5-cli …
Preparing to replace php5-mysql 5.3.10-1ubuntu3.10 (using …/php5-mysql_5.3.10-1ubuntu3.13_amd64.deb) …
Unpacking replacement php5-mysql …
Preparing to replace php5-gd 5.3.10-1ubuntu3.10 (using …/php5-gd_5.3.10-1ubuntu3.13_amd64.deb) …
Unpacking replacement php5-gd …
Preparing to replace libapache2-mod-php5 5.3.10-1ubuntu3.10 (using …/libapache2-mod-php5_5.3.10-1ubuntu3.13_amd64.deb) …
Unpacking replacement libapache2-mod-php5 …
Preparing to replace php5-common 5.3.10-1ubuntu3.10 (using …/php5-common_5.3.10-1ubuntu3.13_amd64.deb) …
Unpacking replacement php5-common …
Selecting previously unselected package libperl5.14.
Unpacking libperl5.14 (from …/libperl5.14_5.14.2-6ubuntu2.4_amd64.deb) …
Selecting previously unselected package libphp-adodb.
Unpacking libphp-adodb (from …/libphp-adodb_5.12-1_all.deb) …
Selecting previously unselected package libsnmp-base.
Unpacking libsnmp-base (from …/libsnmp-base_5.4.3~dfsg-2.4ubuntu1.2_all.deb) …
Selecting previously unselected package libsnmp15.
Unpacking libsnmp15 (from …/libsnmp15_5.4.3~dfsg-2.4ubuntu1.2_amd64.deb) …
Selecting previously unselected package mysql-server.
Unpacking mysql-server (from …/mysql-server_5.5.38-0ubuntu0.12.04.1_all.deb) …
Selecting previously unselected package php5-snmp.
Unpacking php5-snmp (from …/php5-snmp_5.3.10-1ubuntu3.13_amd64.deb) …
Selecting previously unselected package snmp.
Unpacking snmp (from …/snmp_5.4.3~dfsg-2.4ubuntu1.2_amd64.deb) …
Selecting previously unselected package rrdtool.
Unpacking rrdtool (from …/rrdtool_1.4.7-1_amd64.deb) …
Selecting previously unselected package cacti.
Unpacking cacti (from …/cacti_0.8.7i-2ubuntu1_all.deb) …
Processing triggers for man-db …
Setting up libsensors4 (1:3.3.1-2ubuntu1) …
Setting up php5-common (5.3.10-1ubuntu3.13) …
Setting up php5-cli (5.3.10-1ubuntu3.13) …
Setting up libapache2-mod-php5 (5.3.10-1ubuntu3.13) …
* Reloading web server config apache2
  …done.
Setting up php5-mysql (5.3.10-1ubuntu3.13) …
Setting up php5-gd (5.3.10-1ubuntu3.13) …
Setting up libperl5.14 (5.14.2-6ubuntu2.4) …
Setting up libphp-adodb (5.12-1) …
Setting up libsnmp-base (5.4.3~dfsg-2.4ubuntu1.2) …
Setting up libsnmp15 (5.4.3~dfsg-2.4ubuntu1.2) …
Setting up mysql-server (5.5.38-0ubuntu0.12.04.1) …
Setting up php5-snmp (5.3.10-1ubuntu3.13) …
Setting up snmp (5.4.3~dfsg-2.4ubuntu1.2) …
Setting up rrdtool (1.4.7-1) …
Setting up cacti (0.8.7i-2ubuntu1) …
dbconfig-common: writing config to /etc/dbconfig-common/cacti.conf

Creating config file /etc/dbconfig-common/cacti.conf with new version

Creating config file /etc/cacti/debian.php with new version
granting access to database cacti for cacti@localhost: success.
verifying access for cacti@localhost: success.
creating database cacti: success.
verifying database cacti exists: success.
populating database via sql…  done.
dbconfig-common: flushing administrative password

Creating config file /etc/cacti/apache.conf with new version

Creating config file /etc/cacti/lighttpd.conf with new version
* Reloading web server config apache2
  …done.
Processing triggers for libc-bin …
ldconfig deferred processing now taking place

————————————– 分割线 ————————————–

RHEL6.4 中使用 Cacti+Spine 监控主机实现发送邮件报警 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-11/92795.htm

RHEL6.4 中使用 Cacti+Spine 监控远程主机 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-11/92796.htm

CentOS 5.5 完整安装 Cacti+Spine http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2011-12/49701.htm

CentOS 6 下 Cacti 搭建文档 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-06/86595.htm

RHEL5.9 下 Cacti 监控部署详解 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-06/85427.htm

CentOS 6.3 下 Cacti 安装详解 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-05/84279.htm

CentOS Linux 下快速安装配置 Cacti 中文版 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-03/81627.htm

————————————– 分割线 ————————————–

更多详情见请继续阅读下一页的精彩内容 ：http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2014-10/108129p2.htm