InfluxDB使用方法详解

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操作系统：CentOS7.3.1611_x64

go 语言版本：1.8.3 linux/amd64

InfluxDB 版本：1.1.0

安装 InfluxDB 之后，在 /usr/bin 下会有如下几个文件：

influxd          influxdb 服务器
influx           influxdb 命令行客户端
influx_inspect   查看工具
influx_stress    压力测试工具
influx_tsm       数据库转换工具（将数据库从 b1 或 bz1 格式转换为 tsm1 格式）

下面简单介绍下各个工具的使用。

该可执行文件为 InfluxDB 服务器程序，参数说明如下：

[root@localhost ~]# influxd --help
Configure and start an InfluxDB server.

Usage: influxd [[command] [arguments]]

The commands are:

    backup               downloads a snapshot of a data node and saves it to disk
    config               display the default configuration
    help                 display this help message
    restore              uses a snapshot of a data node to rebuild a cluster
    run                  run node with existing configuration
    version              displays the InfluxDB version

"run" is the default command.

Use "influxd [command] -help" for more information about a command.

backup 参数

数据备份功能，参数如下：

[root@localhost ~]# influxd backup --help
Downloads a snapshot of a data node and saves it to disk.

Usage: influxd backup [flags] PATH

    -host <host:port>
            The host to connect to snapshot. Defaults to 127.0.0.1:8088.
    -database <name>
            The database to backup.
    -retention <name>
            Optional. The retention policy to backup.
    -shard <id>
            Optional. The shard id to backup. If specified, retention is required.
    -since <2015-12-24T08:12:23Z>
            Optional. Do an incremental backup since the passed in RFC3339
            formatted time.

backup: flag: help requested

config 参数

显示 InfluxDB 默认参数，使用示例：

influxd backup -host 127.0.0.1:8088 -database mydb -since 2015-12-24T08:12:23Z back1

其中，mydb 为数据库名称，back1 为备份文件夹。

help 参数

显示帮助信息，使用示例：influxd help

restore 参数

数据恢复功能，使用该功能时，InfluxDB 应当关闭。参数如下

[root@localhost ~]# influxd restore --help
Uses backups from the PATH to restore the metastore, databases,
retention policies, or specific shards. The InfluxDB process must not be
running during a restore.

Usage: influxd restore [flags] PATH

    -metadir <path>
            Optional. If set the metastore will be recovered to the given path.
    -datadir <path>
            Optional. If set the restore process will recover the specified
            database, retention policy or shard to the given directory.
    -database <name>
            Optional. Required if no metadir given. Will restore the database
            TSM files.
    -retention <name>
            Optional. If given, database is required. Will restore the retention policy's
            TSM files.
    -shard <id>
            Optional. If given, database and retention are required. Will restore the shard's
            TSM files.

restore: flag: help requested

使用示例：

influxd restore -database mydb -metadir /var/lib/influxdb/meta  -datadir /var/lib/influxdb/data/ back1

其中，mydb 为数据库名称，back1 为之前备份数据的文件夹，/var/lib/influxdb/meta 为 InfluxDB 的 meta 文件夹，/var/lib/influxdb/data/ 为 InfluxDB 的 data 文件夹。

run 参数

run 为默认参数，在控制台直接输入 influxd 命令，实际上执行的是：influxd run

默认配置为 INFLUXDB_CONFIG_PATH 环境变量设置的的路径，或者~/.influxdb/influxdb.conf，或者 /etc/influxdb/influxdb.conf

参数说明如下：

[root@localhost tsdbBin]# influxd run --help
Runs the InfluxDB server.

Usage: influxd run [flags]

    -config <path>
            Set the path to the configuration file.
            This defaults to the environment variable INFLUXDB_CONFIG_PATH,
            ~/.influxdb/influxdb.conf, or /etc/influxdb/influxdb.conf if a file
            is present at any of these locations.
            Disable the automatic loading of a configuration file using
            the null device (such as /dev/null).
    -pidfile <path>
            Write process ID to a file.
    -cpuprofile <path>
            Write CPU profiling information to a file.
    -memprofile <path>
            Write memory usage information to a file.

run: flag: help requested

使用示例：

influxd run -config default.conf：使用 default.conf 中的配置启动 InfluxDB

influxd run -pidfile /tmp/test1.pid : 启动 InfluxDB 并在 /tmp/test1.pid 文件中写入 pid

cpuprofile 和 memprofile 用于 InfluxDB 性能分析时使用

version 参数

显示版本信息，使用示例：influxd version

该可执行文件为 InfluxDB 命令行客户端，参数如下：

[root@localhost ~]# influx --help
Usage of influx:
  -version
       Display the version and exit.
  -host 'host name'
       Host to connect to.
  -port 'port #'
       Port to connect to.
  -database 'database name'
       Database to connect to the server.
  -password 'password'
      Password to connect to the server.  Leaving blank will prompt for password (--password '').
  -username 'username'
       Username to connect to the server.
  -ssl
        Use https for requests.
  -unsafeSsl
        Set this when connecting to the cluster using https and not use SSL verification.
  -execute 'command'
       Execute command and quit.
  -format 'json|csv|column'
       Format specifies the format of the server responses:  json, csv, or column.
  -precision 'rfc3339|h|m|s|ms|u|ns'
       Precision specifies the format of the timestamp:  rfc3339, h, m, s, ms, u or ns.
  -consistency 'any|one|quorum|all'
       Set write consistency level: any, one, quorum, or all
  -pretty
       Turns on pretty print for the json format.
  -import
       Import a previous database export from file
  -pps
       How many points per second the import will allow.  By default it is zero and will not throttle importing.
  -path
       Path to file to import
  -compressed
       Set to true if the import file is compressed

Examples:

    # Use influx in a non-interactive mode to query the database "metrics" and pretty print json:
    $ influx -database 'metrics' -execute 'select * from cpu' -format 'json' -pretty

    # Connect to a specific database on startup and set database context:
    $ influx -database 'metrics' -host 'localhost' -port '8086'

[root@localhost ~]#

使用示例：

influx：直接连接本机的 8086 端口

influx -version：显示版本信息并退出

influx -database ‘mydb’ -execute ‘select * from cpu_load’：执行单条指令并退出

该可执行文件为 InfluxDB 查看工具，参数如下：

[root@localhost ~]# influx_inspect help
Usage: influx_inspect [[command] [arguments]]

The commands are:

    dumptsm              dumps low-level details about tsm1 files.
    export               exports raw data from a shard to line protocol
    help                 display this help message
    report               displays a shard level report

"help" is the default command.

Use "influx_inspect [command] -help" for more information about a command.
[root@localhost ~]#

dumptsm 参数

解析 tsm 文件，参数如下：

[root@localhost ~]# influx_inspect dumptsm --help
Dumps low-level details about tsm1 files.

Usage: influx_inspect dumptsm [flags] <path

    -index
            Dump raw index data
    -blocks
            Dump raw block data
    -all
            Dump all data. Caution: This may print a lot of information
    -filter-key <name>
            Only display index and block data match this key substring
[root@localhost ~]#

使用示例：

[root@localhost ~]# influx_inspect dumptsm -all /var/lib/influxdb/data/mydb/autogen/12/000000004-000000003.tsm
Summary:
  File: /var/lib/influxdb/data/mydb/autogen/12/000000004-000000003.tsm
  Time Range: 2017-05-23T09:10:10.202006046Z - 2017-05-23T11:10:27.319302712Z
  Duration: 2h0m17.117296666s   Series: 1   File Size: 325

Index:

  Pos   Min Time                        Max Time                        Ofs     Size    Key                              Field
  1     2017-05-23T09:10:10.202006046Z  2017-05-23T09:14:50.532248441Z  5       41      cpu_load,host=server_1,region=us-west     value
  2     2017-05-23T09:26:34.541091603Z  2017-05-23T09:26:34.541091603Z  46      34      cpu_load,host=server_1,region=us-west     value
  3     2017-05-23T10:59:10.72052295Z   2017-05-23T10:59:10.72052295Z   80      34      cpu_load,host=server_1,region=us-west     value
  4     2017-05-23T11:10:02.987617654Z  2017-05-23T11:10:27.319302712Z  114     40      cpu_load,host=server_1,region=us-west     value
Blocks:
  Blk   Chk             Ofs     Len     Type    Min Time                        Points  Enc [T/V]       Len [T/V]
  0     1091651936      5       37      float64 2017-05-23T09:10:10.202006046Z  2       rle/gor         16/19
  1     1782732741      46      30      float64 2017-05-23T09:26:34.541091603Z  1       s8b/gor         9/19
  2     2962666225      121     30      float64 2017-05-23T10:59:10.72052295Z   1       s8b/gor         9/19
  3     1165672455      230     36      float64 2017-05-23T11:10:02.987617654Z  2       rle/gor         15/19

Statistics
  Blocks:
    Total: 4 Size: 149 Min: 30 Max: 37 Avg: 37
  Index:
    Total: 4 Size: 163
  Points:
    Total: 6
  Encoding:
    Timestamp:  none: 0 (0%)    s8b: 2 (50%)    rle: 2 (50%)
    Float:      none: 0 (0%)    gor: 4 (100%)
  Compression:
    Per block: 24.83 bytes/point
    Total: 54.17 bytes/point
[root@localhost ~]#

export 参数

使用示例：

[root@localhost ~]# influx_inspect export -database mydb -datadir /var/lib/influxdb/data/ -waldir /var/lib/influxdb/wal/ -out /tmp/export
writing out tsm file data for mydb/autogen...complete.
writing out wal file data for mydb/autogen...complete.
[root@localhost ~]# cat /tmp/export
# INFLUXDB EXPORT: 1677-09-21T08:12:43+08:00 - 2262-04-12T07:47:16+08:00
# DDL
CREATE DATABASE mydb WITH NAME autogen
# DML
# CONTEXT-DATABASE:mydb
# CONTEXT-RETENTION-POLICY:autogen
# writing tsm data
cpu_load,host=server_1,region=us-west value=0.2 1495530610202006046
cpu_load,host=server_1,region=us-west value=0.2 1495530890532248441
cpu_load,host=server_1,region=us-west value=0.2 1495531594541091603
cpu_load,host=server_1,region=us-west value=0.2 1495537150720522950
cpu_load,host=server_1,region=us-west value=0.2 1495537802987617654
cpu_load,host=server_1,region=us-west value=0.2 1495537827319302712
# writing wal data
[root@localhost ~]#

help

显示帮助信息。

report

显示 shard 信息，示例如下：

[root@localhost ~]# influx_inspect report /var/lib/influxdb/data/mydb/autogen/12/
File                    Series  Load Time
000000004-000000003.tsm 1       51.104µs

Statistics
  Series:
    Total (est): 1
Completed in 269.807µs
[root@localhost ~]#

该可执行文件为 InfluxDB 压力测试工具，参数如下：

[root@localhost ~]# influx_stress --help
Usage of influx_stress:
  -addr string
        IP address and port of database where response times will persist (e.g., localhost:8086) (default "http://localhost:8086")
  -config string
        The stress test file
  -cpuprofile filename
        Write the cpu profile to filename
  -database string
        name of database where the response times will persist (default "stress")
  -db string
        target database within test system for write and query load
  -retention-policy string
        name of the retention policy where the response times will persist
  -tags value
        A comma seperated list of tags
  -v2
        Use version 2 of stress tool
[root@localhost ~]#

直接执行 influx_stress 命令即可启动压力测试，会在本地 InfluxDB 自动创建名叫 stress 的数据库，并向里面写数据。

该可执行文件为 InfluxDB 数据库转换工具（将数据库从 b1 或 bz1 格式转换为 tsm1 格式，其中 b1 和 bz1 为 InfluxDB 0.9 版中使用过的存储引擎格式），属于 InfluxDB 版本兼容系列的内容。

使用该工具时，InfluxDB 应该处于关闭状态。

参数如下：

[root@localhost ~]# influx_tsm --help
Usage: influx_tsm [options] <data-path>

Convert a database from b1 or bz1 format to tsm1 format.

This tool will backup the directories before conversion (if not disabled).
The backed-up files must be removed manually, generally after starting up the
node again to make sure all of data has been converted correctly.

To restore a backup:
  Shut down the node, remove the converted directory, and
  copy the backed-up directory to the original location.

Options:
  -backup string
        The location to backup up the current databases. Must not be within the data directory.
  -dbs string
        Comma-delimited list of databases to convert. Default is to convert all databases.
  -debug string
        If set, http debugging endpoints will be enabled on the given address
  -interval duration
        How often status updates are printed. (default 5s)
  -nobackup
        Disable database backups. Not recommended.
  -parallel
        Perform parallel conversion. (up to GOMAXPROCS shards at once)
  -profile string
        CPU Profile location
  -sz uint
        Maximum size of individual TSM files. (default 2147483648)
  -y    Don't ask, just convert

[root@localhost ~]#