Linux日志审计项目案例实战（生产环境日志审计项目解决方案）

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所谓日志审计，就是记录所有系统及相关用户行为的信息，并且可以自动分析、处理、展示（包括文本或者录像）

推荐方法：sudo 配合 syslog 服务，进行日志审计（信息较少，效果不错）

1. 安装 sudo 命令、syslog 服务（CentOS6.4 或以上为 rsyslog 服务）

[root@nginx_back ~]#rpm -qa “sudo|syslog” 查询系统是否已安装 sudo、syslog 程序

rsyslog-5.8.10-8.el6.x86_64
sudo-1.8.6p3-15.el6.x86_64
[root@nginx_back ~]#rpm -qa|egrep “sudo|syslog”
rsyslog-5.8.10-8.el6.x86_64
sudo-1.8.6p3-15.el6.x86_64

如果没有安装，则用 yum 安装

2. 配置 /etc/sudoers

增加配置“Defaults logfile=/var/log/sudo.log”到 /etc/sudoers 中，注意：不包含引号

[root@nginx_back ~]#echo “Defaults logfile=/var/log/sudo.log”>>/etc/sudoers

[root@nginx_back ~]#tail /etc/sudoers

## Allows members of the users group to mount and unmount the
## cdrom as root
# %users ALL=/sbin/mount /mnt/cdrom, /sbin/umount /mnt/cdrom
## Allows members of the users group to shutdown this system
# %users localhost=/sbin/shutdown -h now
## Read drop-in files from /etc/sudoers.d (the # here does not mean a comment)
#includedir /etc/sudoers.d
Defaults logfile=/var/log/sudo.log

[root@nginx_back ~]#tail -1 /etc/sudoers
Defaults logfile=/var/log/sudo.log[root@nginx_back ~]#visudo -c 检查 sudoers 文件语法

/etc/sudoers: parsed OK

3. 配置系统日志 /etc/syslog.conf

增加配置 local2.debug 到 /etc/syslog.conf 中（Centos5.8 中）

[root@nginx_back ~]#echo “local2.debug /var/log/sudo.log”>>/etc/syslog.conf

[root@nginx_back ~]#tail -1 /etc/syslog.conf

local2.debug /var/log/sudo.log

提示：如果是 Centos6.4 路径为 /etc/rsyslog.conf

[root@nginx_back ~]#echo “local2.debug /var/log/sudo.log”>>/etc/rsyslog.conf

[root@nginx_back ~]#tail -1 /etc/rsyslog.conf

local2.debug /var/log/sudo.log

4. 重启 syslog 或 rsyslog 内核日志记录器

/etc/init.d/syslog restart(Centos5.8)

/etc/init.d/rsyslog restart(Centos6.4)

[root@nginx_back ~]#/etc/init.d/rsyslog restart

Shutting down system logger: [OK]

Starting system logger: [OK]

[root@nginx_back ~]#ll /var/log/sudo.log

-rw——- 1 root root 0 Jun 23 23:17 /var/log/sudo.log

5. 测试 sudo 日志审计配置结果

[root@nginx_back ~]#whoami
root
[root@nginx_back ~]#su – ci001
-bash: warning: setlocale: LC_CTYPE: cannot change locale (en): No such file or directory
-bash: warning: setlocale: LC_COLLATE: cannot change locale (en): No such file or directory
-bash: warning: setlocale: LC_MESSAGES: cannot change locale (en): No such file or directory
-bash: warning: setlocale: LC_NUMERIC: cannot change locale (en): No such file or directory
-bash: warning: setlocale: LC_TIME: cannot change locale (en): No such file or directory
welcome to oldboy linux training from /etc/profile.d
[ci001@nginx_back ~]$ sudo -l
[sudo] password for ci001:
Sorry, user ci001 may not run sudo on nginx_back.
[ci001@nginx_back ~]$ sudo useradd dddd
[sudo] password for ci001:
ci001 is not in the sudoers file. This incident will be reported.
[ci001@nginx_back ~]$ logout
[root@nginx_back ~]#ll /var/log/sudo.log
-rw——- 1 root root 232 Jun 23 23:21 /var/log/sudo.log
[root@nginx_back ~]#cat /var/log/sudo.log
Jun 23 23:20:44 : ci001 : command not allowed ; TTY=pts/0 ; PWD=/home/ci001 ;
USER=root ; COMMAND=list
Jun 23 23:21:17 : ci001 : user NOT in sudoers ; TTY=pts/0 ; PWD=/home/ci001 ;
USER=root ; COMMAND=/usr/sbin/useradd dddd
[root@nginx_back ~]#su – php001
-bash: warning: setlocale: LC_CTYPE: cannot change locale (en): No such file or directory
-bash: warning: setlocale: LC_COLLATE: cannot change locale (en): No such file or directory
-bash: warning: setlocale: LC_MESSAGES: cannot change locale (en): No such file or directory
-bash: warning: setlocale: LC_NUMERIC: cannot change locale (en): No such file or directory
-bash: warning: setlocale: LC_TIME: cannot change locale (en): No such file or directory
welcome to oldboy linux training from /etc/profile.d
[php001@nginx_back ~]$ whoami
php001
[php001@nginx_back ~]$ sudo su –
[sudo] password for php001:
Sorry, try again.
[sudo] password for php001:
php001 is not in the sudoers file. This incident will be reported.
[php001@nginx_back ~]$ sudo echo “php001 ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL”>>/etc/sudoers
-bash: /etc/sudoers: Permission denied
[php001@nginx_back ~]$ sudo vi /etc/sudoers
[sudo] password for php001:
php001 is not in the sudoers file. This incident will be reported.
[php001@nginx_back ~]$ sudo visudo
[sudo] password for php001:
php001 is not in the sudoers file. This incident will be reported.
[php001@nginx_back ~]$ logout
[root@nginx_back ~]#cat /var/log/sudo.log
Jun 23 23:20:44 : ci001 : command not allowed ; TTY=pts/0 ; PWD=/home/ci001 ;
USER=root ; COMMAND=list
Jun 23 23:21:17 : ci001 : user NOT in sudoers ; TTY=pts/0 ; PWD=/home/ci001 ;
USER=root ; COMMAND=/usr/sbin/useradd dddd
Jun 23 23:26:56 : php001 : user NOT in sudoers ; TTY=pts/0 ; PWD=/home/php001 ;
USER=root ; COMMAND=/bin/su –
Jun 23 23:28:55 : php001 : user NOT in sudoers ; TTY=pts/0 ; PWD=/home/php001 ;
USER=root ; COMMAND=/bin/vi /etc/sudoers
Jun 23 23:29:18 : php001 : user NOT in sudoers ; TTY=pts/0 ; PWD=/home/php001 ;
USER=root ; COMMAND=/usr/sbin/visudo