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MySQL 之单表查询
创建表
# 创建表
mysql> create table company.employee5(id int primary key AUTO_INCREMENT not null,
name varchar(30) not null,
sex enum('male','female') default 'male' not null,
hire_date date not null,
post varchar(50) not null,
job_description varchar(100),
salary double(15,2) not null,
office int,
dep_id int
);
# 插入数据
mysql> insert into company.employee5(name,sex,hire_date,post,job_description,salary,office,dep_id) values
('jack','male','20180202','instructor','teach',5000,501,100),
('tom','male','20180203','instructor','teach',5500,501,100),
('robin','male','20180202','instructor','teach',8000,501,100),
('alice','female','20180202','instructor','teach',7200,501,100),
('tianyun','male','20180202','hr','hrcc',600,502,101),
('harry','male','20180202','hr',NULL,6000,502,101),
('emma','female','20180206','sale','salecc',20000,503,102),
('christine','female','20180205','sale','salecc',2200,503,102),
('zhuzhu','male','20180205','sale',NULL,2200,503,102),
('gougou','male','20180205','sale','',2200,503,102);
# 查看表结构
mysql> desc employee5;
+-----------------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-----------------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id | int(11) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
| name | varchar(30) | NO | | NULL | |
| sex | enum('male','female') | NO | | male | |
| hire_date | date | NO | | NULL | |
| post | varchar(50) | NO | | NULL | |
| job_description | varchar(100) | YES | | NULL | |
| salary | double(15,2) | NO | | NULL | |
| office | int(11) | YES | | NULL | |
| dep_id | int(11) | YES | | NULL | |
+-----------------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+查询语法
SELECT 字段 1, 字段 2... FROM 表名
WHERE 条件
GROUP BY field
HAVING 筛选
ORDER BY field
LIMIT 限制条数；查看表中所有数据
mysql> select * from employee5;
+----+-----------+--------+------------+------------+-----------------+----------+--------+--------+
| id | name | sex | hire_date | post | job_description | salary | office | dep_id |
+----+-----------+--------+------------+------------+-----------------+----------+--------+--------+
| 1 | jack | male | 2018-02-02 | instructor | teach | 5000.00 | 501 | 100 |
| 2 | tom | male | 2018-02-03 | instructor | teach | 5500.00 | 501 | 100 |
| 3 | robin | male | 2018-02-02 | instructor | teach | 8000.00 | 501 | 100 |
| 4 | alice | female | 2018-02-02 | instructor | teach | 7200.00 | 501 | 100 |
| 5 | tianyun | male | 2018-02-02 | hr | hrcc | 600.00 | 502 | 101 |
| 6 | harry | male | 2018-02-02 | hr | NULL | 6000.00 | 502 | 101 |
| 7 | emma | female | 2018-02-06 | sale | salecc | 20000.00 | 503 | 102 |
| 8 | christine | female | 2018-02-05 | sale | salecc | 2200.00 | 503 | 102 |
| 9 | zhuzhu | male | 2018-02-05 | sale | NULL | 2200.00 | 503 | 102 |
| 10 | gougou | male | 2018-02-05 | sale | | 2200.00 | 503 | 102 |
+----+-----------+--------+------------+------------+-----------------+----------+--------+--------+
10 rows in set (0.00 sec)简单查询
简单查询
mysql> SELECT * FROM employee5;
mysql> SELECT name, salary, dep_id FROM employee5;去重 DISTINCT
mysql> SELECT post FROM employee5;
mysql> SELECT DISTINCT post FROM employee5;
注：不能部分使用 DISTINCT，通常仅用于某一字段。通过四则运算查询
mysql> SELECT name, salary, salary*14 FROM employee5;
mysql> SELECT name, salary, salary*14 AS Annual_salary FROM employee5;
mysql> SELECT name, salary, salary*14 Annual_salary FROM employee5;定义显示格式
CONCAT() 函数用于连接字符串
mysql> SELECT CONCAT(name, ' annual salary: ', salary*14) AS Annual_salary FROM employee5;条件查询
a、语法
select * from 表名 where 条件
b、比较运算符
大于 小于 大于等于 小于等于 不等于
> < >= <= != 或 <>
c、逻辑运算符
并且 或者 非
and or not
d、模糊查询
like
% 表示任意多个任意字符
_ 表示一个任意字符
e、范围查询
in 表示在一个非连续的范围内
between...and... 表示在一个连续的范围内
f、空判断
判断空：is null
判断非空：is not null
g、优先级
小括号,not 比较运算符，逻辑运算符
and 比 or 优先级高，如果同时出现并希望先选 or，需要结合 () 来使用单条件查询
mysql> SELECT name,post FROM employee5 WHERE post='hr';多条件查询
mysql> SELECT name,salary FROM employee5 WHERE post='hr' AND salary>5000;关键字 BETWEEN AND 查询
mysql> SELECT name,salary FROM employee5 WHERE salary BETWEEN 5000 AND 15000;
mysql> SELECT name,salary FROM employee5 WHERE salary NOT BETWEEN 5000 AND 15000;关键字 IS NULL 查询
mysql> SELECT name,job_description FROM employee5 WHERE job_description IS NULL;
mysql> SELECT name,job_description FROM employee5 WHERE job_description IS NOT NULL;
mysql> SELECT name,job_description FROM employee5 WHERE job_description='';关键字 IN 集合查询
mysql> SELECT name, salary FROM employee5 WHERE salary=4000 OR salary=5000 OR salary=6000 OR salary=9000 ;
mysql> SELECT name, salary FROM employee5 WHERE salary IN (4000,5000,6000,9000) ;
mysql> SELECT name, salary FROM employee5 WHERE salary NOT IN (4000,5000,6000,9000) ;关键字 LIKE 模糊查询
通配符’%’mysql> SELECT * FROM employee5 WHERE name LIKE 'al%';
通配符’_’mysql> SELECT * FROM employee5 WHERE name LIKE 'al___';查询排序
按单列排序
mysql> SELECT * FROM employee5 ORDER BY salary;
mysql> SELECT name, salary FROM employee5 ORDER BY salary ASC;
mysql> SELECT name, salary FROM employee5 ORDER BY salary DESC;按多列排序
mysql> SELECT * FROM employee5 ORDER BY hire_date DESC,salary ASC;
# 先按入职时间，再按薪水排序
mysql> SELECT * FROM employee5 ORDER BY hire_date DESC, salary DESC;
# 先按职位，再按薪水排序
mysql> SELECT * FROM employee5 ORDER BY post, salary DESC;分页查询 limit
mysql> SELECT * FROM employee5 ORDER BY salary DESC LIMIT 5; //默认初始位置为 0
mysql> SELECT * FROM employee5 ORDER BY salary DESC LIMIT 0,5;
mysql> SELECT * FROM employee5 ORDER BY salary DESC LIMIT 3,5; // 从第 4 条开始，共显示 5 条聚合函数查询
a、count(*) 表示计算总行数，括号中可以写 *和列名
b、max(列) 表示求此列的最大值
c、min(列) 表示求此列的最小值
d、sun(列) 表示求此列的和
e、avg(列) 表示求此列的平均值
mysql> SELECT COUNT(*) FROM employee5;
mysql> SELECT COUNT(*) FROM employee5 WHERE dep_id=101;
mysql> SELECT MAX(salary) FROM employee5;
mysql> SELECT MIN(salary) FROM employee5;
mysql> SELECT AVG(salary) FROM employee5;
mysql> SELECT SUM(salary) FROM employee5;
mysql> SELECT SUM(salary) FROM employee5 WHERE dep_id=101;分组查询
单独使用 GROUP BY 关键字分组
mysql> SELECT post FROM employee5 GROUP BY post;
注意：我们按照 post 字段分组，那么 select 查询的字段只能是 post，想要获取组内的其他相关信息，需要借助函数GROUP BY 关键字和 group_concat()函数一起使用
# 按照 id 分组，并查看组内成员
mysql> SELECT dep_id,GROUP_CONCAT(name) FROM employee5 GROUP BY dep_id;
mysql> SELECT dep_id,GROUP_CONCAT(name) as emp_members FROM employee5 GROUP BY dep_id;GROUP BY 和集合函数一起使用
# 按照 dep_id 分组，并计算组内成员工资总和
mysql> SELECT dep_id,SUM(salary) FROM employee5 GROUP BY dep_id;
# 按照 dep_id 分组，并计算组内成员工资平均值
mysql> SELECT dep_id,AVG(salary) FROM employee5 GROUP BY dep_id;正则表达式查询
mysql> SELECT * FROM employee5 WHERE name REGEXP '^j';
mysql> SELECT * FROM employee5 WHERE salary REGEXP '[5]+.*';
mysql> SELECT * FROM employee5 WHERE salary REGEXP '[5]{2}.*';
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