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Linux 系统版本：CentOS7.4
MySQL 版本：5.7.28
在 Linux 平台有 RPM 包、二进制包、源码包 3 中安装方式，这一篇文章主要是以 RPM 包为例来介绍如何在 Linux 平台下进行 MySQL 的安装。
下载地址：
https://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.28-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
具体安装步骤如下：
（1）首先卸载 mariadb，不然后面会和安装 mysql 需要的库冲突：
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa | grep mariadb
mariadb-libs-5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -e –nodeps mariadb-libs-5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64
（2）用 root 用户登录系统，增加 mysql 用户和组，数据库安装在此用户下：
[root@localhost ~]# groupadd mysql
[root@localhost ~]# useradd -r -g mysql -s /bin/false mysql
（3）准备数据目录
以 /app/data 为例, 建议使用逻辑卷
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /app/data
[root@localhost ~]# chown mysql.mysql /app/data/
[root@localhost ~]# chmod 750 /app/data
（4）准备二进制文件：
[root@localhost ~]# tar xvf mysql-5.7.28-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local
[root@localhost local]# ln -sv mysql-5.7.28-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql
‘mysql’->‘mysql-5.7.28-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64’
（5）初始化 MySQL：
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/mysql
[root@localhost mysql]# bin/mysqld –initialize –user=mysql –basedir=/usr/local/mysql –datadir=/app/data
2019-11-03T09:47:18.263716Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use –explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2019-11-03T09:47:19.059462Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2019-11-03T09:47:19.140866Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2019-11-03T09:47:19.207569Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: ed1cd8ec-fe1e-11e9-8c9c-000c29f8617a.
2019-11-03T09:47:19.209181Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table ‘mysql.gtid_executed’ cannot be opened.
2019-11-03T09:47:19.646366Z 0 [Warning] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.
2019-11-03T09:47:20.056792Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: rY-6f??#!<zO
其中 –basedir mysql 基础目录 –datadir mysql 数据存放目录，并创建了 root 用户的临时密码：rY-6f??#!<zO
（6）开启 ssl 连接：
[root@localhost mysql]# bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup
2019-11-03 23:09:55 [ERROR] Failed to access directory pointed by –datadir. Please make sure that directory exists and is accessible by mysql_ssl_rsa_setup. Supplied value : /usr/local/mysql/data
[root@localhost mysql]# bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup –datadir=/app/data
命令后面不加参数报错，加了 –datadir 后不报错
（7）编辑配置文件，保存退出：
[root@localhost mysql]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
# GENERAL
datadir=/app/data
socket=/app/data/mysql.sock
user=mysql
default-storage-engine=InnoDB
[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/app/data/mysql-error.log
pid-file=/app/data/mysqld.pid
[client]
socket=/app/data/mysql.sock
（8）启动 MySQL：
[root@localhost mysql]# bin/mysqld_safe –user=mysql &
（9）配置环境变量：
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/profile
# 添加下面一行
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin
[root@localhost ~]# source /etc/profile
（10）设置开机启动：
[root@localhost mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql.server
[root@localhost mysql]# chkconfig –add mysql.server
（11）测试登录成功：
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.28
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Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type ‘help;’ or ‘\h’ for help. Type ‘\c’ to clear the current input statement.
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