使用RPM软件包安装Oracle Database 18c

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Oracle 官方已放出 18c 企业版的 RPM 安装包，但仅限于单机版。相对于之前的版本，省去了前期规划配置的繁琐步骤。

1、下载 Oracle RPM 安装包

从官网选择 rpm 格式的安装包，下载即可。如下图：

2、使用 yum 安装

我这里使用的为 oracle linux，软件源用的是 oracle 软件源，安装如下：

[root@odb03 ~]# yum -y localinstall /u02/oracle-database-ee-18c-1.0-1.x86_64.rpm 

RPM 安装默认的目录为 /opt，安装前确保 /opt 拥有足够的空间。

3、配置 Oracle 18c 数据库

安装完成后，会产生两个文件：一个是管理 oracle 服务的脚本 (/etc/init.d/oracledb_ORCLCDB-18c)，另一个是定义数据文件存放路径的文件(/etc/sysconfig/oracledb_ORCLCDB-18c.conf)。
根据实际情况修改以上两个文件，这里修改了数据文件存放的路径为 /u03/oradata 以及默认的实例名为 testdb。如果更改了默认的实例名，则 /etc/sysconfig/oracledb_ORCLCDB-18c.conf 文件也该更改为对应的实例名，这里为 /etc/sysconfig/oracledb_testdb-18c.conf。

[root@odb03 ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/oracledb_testdb-18c.conf 
#This is a configuration file to setup the Oracle Database.
#It is used when running '/etc/init.d/oracledb_ORCLCDB configure'.
#Please use this file to modify the default listener port and the
#Oracle data location.

# LISTENER_PORT: Database listener
LISTENER_PORT=1521

# ORACLE_DATA_LOCATION: Database oradata location
ORACLE_DATA_LOCATION=/u03/oradata

# EM_EXPRESS_PORT: Oracle EM Express listener
EM_EXPRESS_PORT=5500
[root@odb03 ~]# vi /etc/init.d/oracledb_ORCLCDB-18c 
#!/bin/bash
#
# chkconfig: 2345 80 05
# Description: This script is responsible for taking care of configuring the Oracle Database and its associated services.
#
# processname: oracledb_ORCLCDB-18c
# Red Hat or SUSE config: /etc/sysconfig/oracledb_ORCLCDB-18c
#

# Set path if path not set
case $PATH in
        "") PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/etc
                 export PATH ;;
esac

# Check if the root user is running this script
if [$(id -u) != "0" ]
then
        echo "You must be root user to run the configurations script. Login as root user and try again."
        exit 1
fi

# Setting the required environment variables
export ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/product/18c/dbhome_1

export ORACLE_VERSION=18c
export ORACLE_SID=testdb
export TEMPLATE_NAME=General_Purpose.dbc
export CHARSET=AL32UTF8
export PDB_NAME=kettel
export LISTENER_NAME=LISTENER
export NUMBER_OF_PDBS=1
export CREATE_AS_CDB=true
......

修改完成后，执行 /etc/init.d/oracledb_ORCLCDB-18c configure 命令创建数据库实例以及监听，如下：

[root@odb03 ~]# /etc/init.d/oracledb_ORCLCDB-18c configure
Configuring Oracle Database testdb.
Prepare for db operation
8% complete
Copying database files
31% complete
Creating and starting Oracle instance
32% complete
36% complete
40% complete
43% complete
46% complete
Completing Database Creation
51% complete
54% complete
Creating Pluggable Databases
58% complete
77% complete
Executing Post Configuration Actions
100% complete
Database creation complete. For details check the logfiles at:
 /opt/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/testdb.
Database Information:
Global Database Name:testdb
System Identifier(SID):testdb
Look at the log file "/opt/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/testdb/testdb.log" for further details.

Database configuration completed successfully. The passwords were auto generated, you must change them by connecting to the database using 'sqlplus / as sysdba' as the oracle user.

其实，这个 configure 就是调用 dbca 的静默模式创建数据库实例。创建完成后，根据上面的提示修改系统用户的密码即可。

4、Using 18c OEM

Oracle 18c 默认会开启 Enterprise Manager Database Express，修改完 sys 密码之后，就可以通过如下格式访问：https://ip:5500/em。

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