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在自己的虚拟机的做实验，突然发现使用 PL/SQL Developer 无法连接到数据库，报错 ORA-12514，说是监听没有启动。
先介绍虚拟机一下环境：RedHat7.2+GI 12.2.0.1+Oracle 12.2.0.1，为了测试 12.2 的 ASM 特性安装了 GI。平时监听程序默认是开启启动的。但是今天不知道为什么没有启动。使用 crsctl 查看资源状态：发现监听的状态确实是 OFFLINE 状态
[root@rhel7 .oracle]# crsstat -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Name Target State Server State details -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Local Resources -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ora.DATA.dg ONLINE ONLINE rhel7 STABLE ora.LISTENER.lsnr ONLINE OFFLINE rhel7 STABLE ora.asm ONLINE ONLINE rhel7 Started,STABLE ora.ons OFFLINE OFFLINE rhel7 STABLE -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Cluster Resources -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ora.cssd 1 ONLINE ONLINE rhel7 STABLE ora.diskmon 1 OFFLINE OFFLINE STABLE ora.driver.afd 1 ONLINE ONLINE rhel7 STABLE ora.evmd 1 ONLINE ONLINE rhel7 STABLE ora.ora12c.db 1 ONLINE ONLINE rhel7 Open,HOME=/u01/app/o racle/product/12.2/d b_home1,STABLE -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 尝试手动启动监听，依然报错：
[grid@rhel7 ~]$ srvctl start listener
PRCR-1079 : Failed to start resource ora.LISTENER.lsnr
CRS-5016: Process “/u01/app/grid/bin/lsnrctl” spawned by agent “ORAAGENT” for action “start” failed: details at “(:CLSN00010:)” in “/u01/app/12.2/grid/diag/crs/rhel7/crs/trace/ohasd_oraagent_grid.trc”
CRS-5016: Process “/u01/app/grid/bin/lsnrctl” spawned by agent “ORAAGENT” for action “start” failed: details at “(:CLSN00010:)” in “/u01/app/12.2/grid/diag/crs/rhel7/crs/trace/ohasd_oraagent_grid.trc”
CRS-2674: Start of ‘ora.LISTENER.lsnr’ on ‘rhel7’ failed
根据提示查看 trc 文件，看到如下报错：
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 12.2.0.1.0 – Production on 15-NOV-2017 20:03:28
Copyright (c) 1991, 2016, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Starting /u01/app/grid/bin/tnslsnr: please wait…
TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 12.2.0.1.0 – Production
System parameter file is /u01/app/grid/network/admin/listener.ora
Log messages written to /u01/app/12.2/grid/diag/tnslsnr/rhel7/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=rhel7)(PORT=1521)))
Error listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
TNS-12555: TNS:permission denied
TNS-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error
TNS-00525: Insufficient privilege for operation
Linux Error: 1: Operation not permitted
Listener failed to start. See the error message(s) above…
看到 Insufficient privilege for operation 这个字样觉得很纳闷，怎么会权限不足呢，于是尝试用 root 直接启动监听，依然报错：
[root@rhel7 .oracle]# lsnrctl start
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 12.2.0.1.0 – Production on 15-NOV-2017 20:22:30
Copyright (c) 1991, 2016, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Starting /u01/app/grid/bin/tnslsnr: please wait…
TNS-12546: TNS:permission denied
TNS-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error
TNS-00516: Permission denied
Linux Error: 13: Permission denied
于是各种百度，下面把百度到内容列出来，可能会对看此文的同学有用，但是对我这种情况没有用：
主要是说 /var/tmp/.oracle、/tmp/.oracle 这两个目录的权限访问问题。进入 一看，我的 /var/tmp/.oracle 权限 没问题，而 /tmp/.oracle 压根就没有这个文件。
于是直接查 MOS，看有没有相关的文档，找到两篇文档：
Starting the Listener Fails With: TNS-12557 or TNS-12555: TNS:Permission Denied (文档 ID 343253.1)
Listener Fails To Start With IPC Permission Errors (TNS-12546 TNS-12555 TNS-00516 TNS-00525) (文档 ID 434062.1)
对比了文档中列出的问题，跟我的情况也不一相，看到最后发现这样一句话：
4. If you find that there are no adapters linked or they have errors (such as “Permission denied”) then issue a “relink all”
Reference:
Doc ID 1467060.1
于是只有用这种方法来试试了，由于 crs 使用的是 grid home 下的监听命令所以对 grid home 做 relink all 操作。可是又出现报错：
1234567 [grid@rhel7 bin]$ relink all
The Oracle home in which you are running this relinking tool does not
have proper write permissions. Please run this relink script as the same
user who owns the Oracle home and ensure that the Oracle home has the
permissions from the original installation.
If this is a Grid Infrastructure home, please refer to the
documentation for the proper steps to relink and apply oneoff patches.
意思是说权限不足，使用 root 执行，又报错说不能用 root 执行
[root@rhel7 bin]# relink all
The relink script cannot be run as root.
又查看 grid home 目录权限
[root@rhel7 app]# ls -ld grid
total 8
drwxr-x— 84 root oinstall 4096 Jul 18 20:26 grid
原来 owner 是 root，怪不得第一次执行不成功，修改 owner(应该直接 chmod 也可以，这里没有做测试)，重新执行 relink all
[root@rhel7 app]# chown grid grid
[grid@rhel7 ~]$ relink all
writing relink log to: /u01/app/grid/install/relink.log
成功后再次启动监听，启动成功。
[grid@rhel7 ~]$ lsnrctl start
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 12.2.0.1.0 – Production on 15-NOV-2017 20:50:59
Copyright (c) 1991, 2016, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Starting /u01/app/grid/bin/tnslsnr: please wait…
TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 12.2.0.1.0 – Production
System parameter file is /u01/app/grid/network/admin/listener.ora
Log messages written to /u01/app/12.2/grid/diag/tnslsnr/rhel7/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=rhel7)(PORT=1521)))
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=rhel7)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
————————
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 12.2.0.1.0 – Production
Start Date 15-NOV-2017 20:51:00
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /u01/app/grid/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /u01/app/12.2/grid/diag/tnslsnr/rhel7/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary…
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=rhel7)(PORT=1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
The listener supports no services
The command completed successfully
至次问题解决。
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